Widely Tunable Femtosecond Soliton Pulse Generation by Using Soliton-Frequency Shift in a Photonic Crystal Fibre

Femtosecond Raman soliton generation, tunable from 800 to 1044nm, has been theoretically investigated for a photonic crystal fibre pumped by a 200-fs pulse. A highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibre with a length of only 57.7cm and a nonlinear coefficient of 0.075 (Wm)^-1 is used to achieved such a broadband. It is found that the spectral bandwidth increases with the input peak power. In particular, it is also found that the output wavelengths of the resulting sub-40 fs Raman solitons can also be tuned effectively by varying the initial pulse chirp. There exists an optimal positive chirp which maximizes the bandwidth, corresponding to the formation of only one long-wavelength Raman soliton.     

Picosecond pulses compression at 1053-nm center wavelength by using a gas-filled hollow-core fiber compressor

We theoretically study the nonlinear compression of picosecond pulses with 10-m J of input energy at the 1053-nm center wavelength by using a one-meter-long gas-filled hollow-core fiber(HCF)compressor and considering the third-order dispersion(TOD)effect.It is found that when the input pulse is about 1 ps/10 m J,it can be compressed down to less than20 fs with a high transmission efficiency.The gas for optimal compression is krypton gas which is filled in a HCF with a 400-μm inner diameter.When the input pulse duration is increased to 5 ps,it can also be compressed down to less than 100 fs efficiently under proper conditions.The results show that the TOD effect has little impact on picosecond pulse compression and the HCF compressor can be applied on compressing picosecond pulses efficiently with a high compression ratio,which will benefit the research of high-field laser physics.     

Ultrashort pulse breaking in optical fiber with third-order dispersion and quintic nonlinearity

The optical wave breaking （OWB） characteristics in terms of the pulse shape, spectrum, and frequency chirp, in the normal dispersion regime of an optical fiber with both the third-order dispersion （TOD） and quintic nonlinearity （QN） are numerically calculated. The results show that the TOD causes the asymmetry of the temporal- and spectral-domain, and the chirp characteristics. The OWB generally appears near the pulse center and at the trailing edge of the pulse, instead of at the two edges of the pulse symmetrically in the case of no TOD. With the increase of distance, the relation of OWB to the TOD near the pulse center increases quickly, leading to the generation of ultra-short pulse trains, while the OWB resulting from the case of no TOD at the trailing edge of the pulse disappears gradually. In addition, the positive （negative） QN enhances （weakens） the chirp amount and the fine structures, thereby inducing the OWB phenomena to appear earlier （later）. Thus, the TOD and the positive （negative） QN are beneficial （detrimental） to the OWB and the generation of ultra-short pulse trains.     

Propagation Control of Soliton Trains in Dispersion-Shifted Fibres in the Presence of Third-Order Dispersion

The evolution of soliton trains in dispersion-shifted fibres (DSFs) in the presence of third-order dispersion (TOD) is investigated. The results show that the collision of neighbouring solitons in the trains can be suppressed by means of a proper TOD, but the maximum transmission distance (or bandwidth) is limited by the increasing soliton separation that results from the TOD. It is also shown that the separation can be suppressed by adjusting the initial phase or amplitude difference between the solitons. These results are helpful to re-establish the potential application of the soliton-based optical-communication systems in DSFs.     

Efficient frequency upshift of 10fs laser pulsespropagating in a 5-cm length birefringent photonic crystal fibre

This paper reports that a 5-cm length birefringent photonic crystal fibre is used to tune the output frequency of unamplified 10-fs Ti:sapphire pulses. The zero dispersion of the fibre is at 823~nm and 800~nm for slow and fast fundamental modes, respectively. It is demonstrated that efficient upshift of the output frequency can be achieved when the pumped radiation is polarized along the slow axis of the fibre. When the average input power reaches 320~mW, about 60% of the output energy is located in one peak at 600~nm and is accompanied by depletion of the pulse inside the anomalous dispersion region.     

Effect of third-order dispersion on breathing localized solutions in the quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation

The effect of third-order dispersion on breathing localized solutions in the quintic complex GinzburgLandau (CGL) equation is investigated. It is found that even small third-order dispersion can cause dramatic changes in the behavior of the solutions, such as breathing solution asymmetrically and travelling slowly towards the right for the positive third-order dispersion. A little larger third-order dispersion causes the solution breathing only on one side and the other side keeping the soliton profile. For the negative dispersion, the same results can be obtained except for the change of the traveling direction. Otherwise, we analyzed the interaction of two breathing solitons and found a simple method to inhibit this interaction.     

Enhanced electron positron pair creation by the frequency chirped laser pulse

Based on the quantum Vlasov equation, the effect of frequency chirp on electron-positron pair production is investigated. The cycle parameter, which characterizes the laser field cycle degree within the pulse, is also considered. In both supercycle and subcycle laser pulses the frequency chirp can greatly enhance the momentum distribution function of created pairs and the pair number density. The pair number density created by a supercycle laser pulse is larger than that by a subcycle pulse under the same laser frequency and chirping. There exists an optimal cycle parameter corresponding to the maximum value of the created pair number density for different chirp rates. It is found that the pair number density is sensitive/insensitive to chirping rate when the cycle parameter lies below/above the optimal one.     

Evolution of sum-chirp in polarization multiplexed communication system

The evolution of sum-chirp for an initially chirped Gaussian pulse is studied in the polarization multiplexed communication system, with fibre attenuation considered. The sum-chirp is found to have the character of saturation.Its value appears different along the two different polarization axes, determined by the incidence polarization angle. We also find that sum-chirp is dominated by the initial chirp at a short distance, and by the cross-phase modulation effect at long distance. And it is influenced apparently by a wavevector mismatch parameter below 10ps/km. Further, its saturation results from the effective distance determined by fibre attenuation.     

Effects of residual second- to fourth-order dispersion in ultra high-speed optical time division multiplexing transmission

We present an expression of maximum fiber-link length, at which the output pulses can return to its original rms time width, in an optical fiber link with up to fourth-order dispersion. The fourth order dispersion is compensated by combination of the effects of proper source chirping and negative residual second-order dispersion. The interesting fact is that the optical pulses can restore itself at a longest distance even in case of chirp parameter being positive, as well as being negative traditionally. The validity of the analytical formulas is also confirmed by split-step Fourier numerical stimulation.     

Effect of initial linear chirp on collision characteristics of two solitons in the birefringent fibre

The collision characteristics of the orthogonally polarized solitons with initial linear frequency chirp in the linear birefringent fibre for \beta ₂<0 are numerically studied. It is found that initial chirp changes the threshold value of solitons to form the bound-state in the birefringent fibre. The effect of initial positive chirp on the threshold value is more obvious than that of negative chirp. In the case of \delta = 0.7 and initial interval 2\tau₀ = 1.25, the two solitons are mutually bound for 0.2 \le C \le 1, and they do not form the bound-state for -1 \le C<0.2. Frequency shifts increase with the increase of chirp parameter C for -1 \le C<0.2, and have the oscillatory structure for C \ge 0.2. The effect of positive chirp on temporal FWHM is greater than that of negative chirp. The peak of temporal waveform oscillates with the propagation distance. The period and amplitude of the oscillation for the chirped case are greater than those for the unchirped case, and they vary with the increase of | C| . The peak of output temporal waveform can be controlled by changing the initial chirp.     

级联单模光纤中初始啁啾对高阶孤子脉冲压缩的影响

采用两段级联单模光纤对高阶孤子脉冲进行压缩。两段光纤具有不同的反常色散值,当高阶孤子脉冲在第一段光纤中获得最大程度压缩时,通过转换色散值不同的光纤,使压缩脉冲继续以高阶孤子的形式在第二段光纤中再次被压缩。每段光纤的长度都进行了优化,使得脉冲在每段光纤中都获得最大程度的压缩。基于非线性薛定谔方程,数值研究了初始啁啾对高阶孤子脉冲压缩的影响。研究结果表明,初始啁啾对高阶孤子脉冲的压缩有重要影响。与无初始啁啾时的情形相比,正的初始啁啾能增强每段光纤中脉冲的压缩效果,降低压缩脉冲的基座能量,而负初始啁啾的影响则相反。随着初始啁啾参量Cp的增大,脉冲在每段光纤中的压缩因子均增加,而基座能量、最优光纤长度均减小。     

强双折射光纤中超短光脉冲压缩效应研究

研究了强双折射光纤中沿偏振主轴入射的超短光脉冲压缩效应。当考虑三阶色散效应时，三阶色散与光纤非线相互作用能增强一偏振光脉冲的压缩而抑制另一偏振光脉冲的压缩。正三阶和的强慢孤子压缩，负三阶色散增强快孤子压缩，三阶色散参量越大，脉冲压缩效果越明显。     

Enhanced Compression of Fundamental Solitons in Dispersion Decreasing Fibers with Negative Third-order Dispersion I.Basic Principles

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ａｄｉａｂａｔｉｃｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｓｕｓｉｎｇｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｄｅｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｆｉｂｅｒｓ(ＤＤＦｓ)ｉｓｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｍｅａｎｓｔｏｏｂｔａｉｎｈｉｇｈ ｑｕａｌｉｔｙｆｅｍｔｏｓｅｃｏｎｄｐｕｌｓｅｓ[1～ 3 ] .Ｆｏｒｐｉｃｏｓｅｃｏｎｄｓｏｌｉｔｏｎｓ[1] ,ｔｈｅｙｃａｎｂｅｉｄｅａｌｌｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄａｓｔｈｅｙｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｅ ,ｒｅｔａｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｌ…     

Enhanced Compression of Fundamental Solitons in Dispersion Decreasing Fibers with Negative Third-order Dispersion I.Basic Principles

Compression of ultrashort fundamental solitons in dispersion decreasing fibers (DDFs) with negative third-order dispersion (TOD) is investigated by solving the generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation numerically. We have shown that, in contrast to the degradation of soliton compression due to the combined effects of positive TOD and Raman self-scattering (RSS), the combined effects of negative TOD and RSS can significantly enhance soliton compression in DDF′s. The enhancement is due to RSS induced redshifting of the soliton wavelength and the negative TOD induced decrease of second-order dispersion toward the longer wavelength.     

Significance of prechirping on long-haul path-averaged soliton impulse in re-circulating loop at 10 and 20 Gb/s with TOD

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of first- and second-order path-averaged soliton long-haul transmission link including the impact of third-order dispersion (TOD) at varied chirp. Here, the varied chirp is considered keeping in view the inadvertent frequency chirp imposed on all practical sources of short optical pulses. The propagation of strongly chirped pulses in loss-managed long-haul path-averaged soliton transmission network has been shown. The investigations reveal that in first-order (N=1) path-averaged soliton transmission link at 10 and 20 Gb/s, SPM effect on the rising and falling edges of a pulse results in spectral broadening for all values of induced chirp. On the contrary, spectral narrowing of the pulses is observed in second-order negatively chirped path-averaged soliton pulses. The effect of the nonlinearity changes from narrowing to broadening of pulses if the sign of the initial chirp is changed to positive. The results ascertain that the system is capable of transmitting a pulse up to the distance of 24,500 km at bit rates of 10 and 20 Gb/s. Investigations have been carried out by varying the chirp factor in the range −1 to 1 and −1 to 0.4] for 10 and 20 Gb/s, respectively, to demonstrate the robustness of the long-haul soliton link. The observations establish that the pulse width (full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)) remains within the optimal range even at the transmission distance of 24,500 km without and at discrete values of the chirp factor.     

影响光孤子传输的因素分析和可能的解决方案

从光孤子传输所满足的非线性薛定谔方程出发,通过对方程中参数的分析和选择,对影响孤子传输的各种因素采用单独分析和综合分析对比方法得到了两个新的结论:(1)二阶色散参数在不太大的范围内变化只会影响脉冲的幅值,对脉冲形状影响不大,而输入脉冲的啁啾则是使脉冲发生畸变的主要原因;(2)在啁啾、三阶色散和五阶非线性同时存在的情况下,它们对脉冲都会产生很大的影响,且存在相互影响和制约关系,三者在某一参数值附近,对脉冲却存在着增益效应和"整容"作用。针对分析结果从理论上提出了改进光孤子传输特性的解决方案,这对光孤子通信的实践过程是有一定实际意义的。     

双折射光纤中色散管理孤子研究

研究色散管理孤子在双折射光纤中的传输特性.应用变分法分析并给出了双折射光纤中色散管理孤子参量演化的常微分方程.数值分析双折射对孤子参量的影响，分析发现在双折射光纤中色散管理孤子的宽度和啁啾不再是严格周期性变化.在色散管理的同时进行周期性偏振补偿可以消除走离效应，可以产生管理孤子.     

Enhanced Compression of Fundamental Solitons in Dispersion Decreasing Fibers with Negative Third-order Dispersion Ⅱ. Effects of Fiber Characteristics and Initial Soliton Width

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ ｐｕｌｓｅｓｆｒｏｍｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎ ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｆｉｂｅｒｓ[1] (ＤＤＦｓ)ｈａｖｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｉｍｅ ｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎ ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｘｅｄｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｔｒａｔｅｓａｓｈｉｇｈａｓ 1Ｔｂｉｔ/ｓ[2 ] ,ｉｎａｌｌ ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｓａｍｐｌｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ[3] ,ａｎｄｉｎｓｕｐｅｒｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｕｍｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ[4] .Ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｅｄｅｓｔａｌ ｆｒｅｅｐｕｌｓｅｓｏ…     

Enhanced Compression of Fundamental Solitons in Dispersion Decreasing Fibers with Negative Third-order Dispersion Ⅱ. Effects of Fiber Characteristics and Initial Soliton Width

Previous work have shown that the combined effects of negative third-order dispersion (TOD) and Raman self-scattering (RSS) can significantly enhance soliton compression in dispersion decreasing fibers (DDFs). In this paper, the effects of the negative TOD coefficient and the effective amplification of DDF′s on the performance of soliton compression are investigated. It is shown that for a given initial soliton width and a given effective amplification, there exists an optimum value of the negative TOD coefficient of the DDF at which the enhancement in soliton compression is maximum. It is also shown that the compression enhancement saturates when the effective amplification exceeds a certain value, which has been explained as a compromise between the higher-order effects induced increase of the ratio of input to output group-velocity dispersion coefficients of the DDF and the TOD induced non-adiabatic compression characteristics. The dependence of the compression enhancement on the initial soliton width have also be studied and the scheme is found works well for solitons with initial widths less than 3 ps.