固体线膨胀系数测定实验的改进

针对固体线膨胀系数测定实验中样品所处温度梯度场过大、升温和降温速率控制精度低的问题,提出了实验改进的措施.阐述了减小实验样品的温度场梯度,用设定程序控制实验样品的升温、恒温和降温的实施过程,并对金属样品线膨胀系数测定实验结果进行了分析,取得了固体线膨胀系数测定实验的改进设计的预期效果.     

ICP-AES测定铜合金中的铜及10种杂质元素

建立了ICP-AES同时测定铜合金中铜及杂质元素磷、硅、锰、铁、镍、钴、锌、铅、铝、锡11种元素的分析方法,通过对样品溶解方法、元素分析谱线的选择和仪器分析参数进行试验比较,确定了实验条件,并对铜合金标准样品进行了精密度和回收率实验.结果表明,相对标准偏差小于3.0％,回收率在90％-110％之间.该方法快速简便,准确度高,可以满足日常检验的分析要求.     

越窑青瓷釉层元素组成的SRXRF无损分析及其在考古学中的应用

利用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)无损分析研究了越窑青瓷的釉面元素组成,探讨了越窑古瓷无损分析的可行性实验方法.对寺龙口越窑6个文化期的古青瓷样品进行了无损分析,选用晚唐时期荷花芯越窑的古青瓷样品作对比分析.实验数据经统计分析后表明,寺龙口越窑古青瓷具有较明显的年代特征和产地特征,不同文化期烧制的青瓷样品具有一定的相关性.     

倾斜角对片状样品太赫兹光谱的影响

建立了太赫兹波通过楔形样品的传递函数模型并进行理论模拟,利用3D打印机制造不同倾斜角度的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)楔形样品进行实验分析,探究了楔形样品对太赫兹时域光谱的影响,得到表面倾角对太赫兹波透过率振幅和相位的影响规律,对楔形样品的光学参量计算模型进行修正.计算结果表明:相位及各光学参量的实验结果与理论值相符.     

X射线光电子能谱分析虚拟仿真实验

X射线光电子能谱实验是材料物理、材料化学等相关专业的重要实验项目.但是仪器构造复杂,价格昂贵,X射线潜在的危险性等限制了该实验对学生的教学开放.基于“能实不虚,以虚代实”的原则开发了X射线光电子能谱分析虚拟仿真实验系统,完整地模拟了X射线光电子能谱分析实验实景,具有直观、智能、界面友好等特点,还可通过互联网在线进行样品制备、样品放置、样品分析及数据处理的全过程.该系统培养了学生的动手能力、科研思维和创新意识.教学中采用线上线下混合式教学模式,提高了教学质量.     

金属电阻率测量实验的设计与研究

设计了测量金属在不同温度下的电阻率的实验装置,对低温恒温器内的样品进行测量,通过加热装置改变样品温度,获得了铝合金样品和稀土铝合金样品的电阻率随温度的变化曲线.该实验综合了低温、真空、补偿等多方面的物理概念,补充了现行大学物理实验教材中低电阻测定实验的不足.     

非对称冲击-卸载实验中纵波声速的特征线分析方法

材料高压声速是获取材料在冲击下的剪切模量、强度和相变信息的重要物理量, 对于研究材料在高速冲击下的行为非常重要. 由于飞片、样品和窗口材料阻抗失配等因素, 传统的声速分析方法无法对非对称冲击-卸载实验中单样品的窗口界面速度进行准确的分析. 本文在反向特征线方法的基础上, 考虑了飞片与样品、样品和窗口界面的相互作用, 建立了适合于仅含单一厚度样品的非对称冲击-卸载实验的特征线声速分析方法, 通过对数值实验给出的速度剖面的分析表明, 该方法能够较为准确地获得待测材料高压下的声速及卸载路径.     

共焦扫描系统扫描深度与厚度失真分析

采用几何光学方法对共焦系统扫描时产生的扫描深度与厚度失真进行了理论分析,对名义扫描深度与实际扫描深度之间的关系进行了研究.以若丹明6G薄膜与玻片组成的多层样品为模型,对其进行了模拟计算,得到了扫描深度与厚度失真与系统数值孔径、折射率和样品厚度之间的关系.在实验上分别采用单光子荧光和双光子荧光作为检测信号,在反射式共焦扫描系统上进行了纵向扫描实验,并与模拟计算的结果进行了比较和分析.     

衍射增强成像中的折射角与边界可见度

X射线衍射增强成像技术可以精确得到样品内部结构的折射角信息, 对提高轻元素物质的成像衬度有着重要的意义. 本文对楔型和圆形两种模型样品进行了DEI实验的研究, 对3种不同能量的X射线均精确得到了样品的折射角信息, 与理论计算值吻合的很好. 利用边界可见度(Edge Visibility)对楔形样品进行了定量的分析. 结果表明, 对于特定折射角的界面, 能精确计算其最佳可见度的位置, 并与实验结果吻合的较好. 最后对一块实际医学肿瘤样品边界处的可见度进行了定量的研究, 讨论了获得最佳成像衬度的条件.     

HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ在Tc附近力学性质的研究

本文对Hg系高温超导样品(单相Hg-1223)在转变温度Tc附近的弹性性质进行了实验研究和理论分析.通过内耗测量、X射线衍射分析及电阻测试,研究该材料的相对杨氏模量声速和线性膨胀系数在Tc附近的变化规律;对实验结果进行热力学分析和理论计算,结果表明实验值与理论值基本吻合.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

光电探测器对光谱仪器精度的影响

通过优化光谱探测环节来提高光谱仪器的精度是改进或研制新型光谱仪的重要途径。为此,文章基于对光电成像系统中光学传递函数的研究,建立了光谱图像经探测器积分抽样后重建的数学模型,并在此基础上分析了光电探测器积分抽样特性参数对光谱线频谱的影响,讨论了光谱线半宽度与探测器积分区间宽度、灵敏度及抽样间隔的关系,提出了准确重建光谱线,提高光谱仪器波长精度和光度精度的探测器优化原则。     

用伪色差概念和PW方法设计双折射透镜初始结构

双焦点干涉显微镜因其高稳定性和高分辨率的特点而受到重视,其核心元件双折射透镜由一片双折射晶体和一片光学玻璃胶合而成。为了双折射透镜的设计工作方便,引入“伪色差”概念,定义“伪色散倒数”,从而可以借用现有的初级像差理论,运用PW方法,给出满足不同设计要求的三种双折射晶体和三种玻璃配对的双胶合透镜的初始结构表格,在不同的应用场合,可用OSLO软件进行像差计算和优化设计,取得需要的结果。为了便于评价这种特定的结构,定义紧凑因子7作为一个评价指标。给出采用方解石和ZF1作材料的设计实例,该设计结构紧凑(γ=0．25)。     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

On the Possibility of the Implicit Renormalization of the Casimir Energy

We propose a procedure for renormalizing the Casimir energy that makes the steps that are used in the standard renormalization procedure, that is, regularization, subtraction, and deregularization, implicit. The proposed procedure is based on the calculation of a set of convergent sums, each of which is related to the initial divergent sum of the non-renormalized Casimir energy. Next, we construct a system of linear equations that relates this set of convergent sums to the renormalized Casimir energy. The unknown renormalized Casimir energy is obtained as a result of solving this system of equations. In this case, both the calculations of the convergent sums and the subsequent solution of the system of linear equations are performed with a certain (generally speaking, arbitrary) ordered accuracy; thus, the result is also approximate. The proposed procedure is, first, more computationally effective than the standard one, and, second, applicable not only to the problems where a transcendental equation for the spectrum can be written, but also to the problems where the spectrum is known only numerically.     

On the solutions of the hypernetted chain equation inside the gas-liquid coexistence region

We present a detailed study of the solutions of the hypernetted chain integral equation inside the gas-liquid coexistence region for simple Lennard-Jones fluids. The study is performed by means of a hybrid Newton-Raphson algorithm extended to cope with complex solutions. In this way, we have unequivocally confirmed that the origin of the well-known HNC singular behavior inside the coexistence curve is linked to the onset of complex solutions. As density is increased starting from the vapor phase along isotherms inside the coexistence region, another singularity is encountered (very likely linked with the existence of a complex multiple solution point), and correlations start to diverge. Therefore, with the numerical approach here presented it is not feasible to join the liquid and vapor phases through an analytically continuous path of real and complex solutions. Finally, a study of the transition from the mean spherical approximation behavior (characterized by the presence of a spinodal divergence) to the peculiar hypernetted chain sort of singularity is also presented.     

Some insight into the acoustics of the didjeridu

The Australian didjeridu is a unique and interesting instrument. Despite the fact that the bore shape is almost random in nature and varies considerably across different instruments, the didjeridu timbre is readily recognizable. This is also true despite the fact that the player can manipulate the timbre more than in most wind instruments, by changing the shape of his vocal tract. In this study we examine the didjeridu spectrum in detail, in order to determine the characteristics that are similar across different instruments, those that are constant for a given instrument, and those that are readily influenced by the player. To this end we recorded and analyzed the sounds of eight instruments of different quality, all of them played across a range of timbres. Examining the resultant spectra, along with the resonance frequencies of these instruments, leads to a number of interesting conclusions. One of these is that the random nature of the instrument bore is actually conducive to creating its typical timbre. We also give a preliminary explanation of the differences between good and poor instruments.     

On the theory of the condensed states of heteropolymers

The collapse (globulization) of an ideal heteropolymer chain under the action of an external attractive field is considered. The problem of the collapse of different types of primary structures, including mobile, periodic, large-block, and statistical structures, is formulated. It is shown that for a random heteropolymer, the mathematical image of the globular state is the chain-length independence of the probability distribution of a random thermal distribution function of the end monomer coordinates. The free energy per monomer of a chain in a globular state and local densities of monomers of all types are shown to be a self-averaging quantities. An exactly solvable model is proposed for a globule formed by a statistical heteropolymer chain. In this model, different types of monomers are attracted to different centers by linear elastic forces with identical elastic constants. The modulus of elasticity is obtained for a heteropolymer globule with respect to the attraction of different types of monomers in different directions. It is shown that this modulus is higher for a short-periodic polymer than for a statistical one.     

海洋环境噪声场对称性分析及噪声消除方法

实际的海洋环境是非常复杂的,存在着海洋自噪声、舰船噪声、生物发声等,阵元接收到的噪声信号存在一定的相关性,此时基于传统阵列信号处理的目标方位估计方法的性能将变差,针对这一问题,提出了一种实部消除方法.首先从阵元接收环境噪声的物理机理出发,将圆环阵接收的噪声场分解为对称噪声场和非对称噪声场,并且研究发现对称噪声场只影响数据协方差矩阵的实部.然后通过消除协方差矩阵实部,达到消除对称噪声场的目的,提高信噪比,但是同时产生了虚假声源.针对虚假声源的问题,提出了基于优化算法重构协方差矩阵实部的方法,消除了虚假声源的影响.仿真分析与海试数据处理结果表明:该方法明显消除了对称噪声,提高了信噪比,改善了阵列信号处理算法的性能.实部消除方法易于实现,有一定的工程应用价值.     

用晶格玻尔兹曼方法研究血液在分岔管中的栓塞

血液栓塞形成机理一直是学术界研究的热点.本文将以圆形刚性颗粒在分岔管中的运动模拟血液在微血管中的运动,对血液在分岔管中的栓塞现象作了初步研究.重点研究了当血管发生分岔时,血管中血液流速的变化以及血栓形成的概率.得出结论,压积越大越容易发生栓塞,压差越大越不易发生栓塞.分岔管的入口和分岔处最容易发生栓塞.血液经分岔管后,大管中的压积比小管的高.