四能级Tripod-型原子系统中量子相干导致的交叉Kerr非线性效应

计算了四能级Tripod-型原子系统中探针光极化率随其频率失谐量的变化曲线.结果表明,当触发光作用于该系统的一个共振跃迁能级时,可使探针光的吸收和色散在其电磁感应透明(Electromagnetically Induced Transparency,EIT)窗口(由耦合光产生)处发生显著变化.随着触发光Rabi频率的增加,探针光在EIT窗口的吸收显著降低,色散显著增加.这种由触发光引起的探针光极化率的变化对应着三阶Kerr非线性光学效应,这一效应在偏振量子相位门中有着潜在的应用价值.     

双耦合场作用下的Mollow七峰谱

对双耦合A型三能级系统中Mollow谱线上叠加的新的透明和吸收特性进行了理论研究.若基态能级包括两条精细结构简并能级,强耦合场和探测场作用于激发态能级和第一条基态精细结构能级之间,另一个弱耦合场作用于激发态能级和第二条基态精细结构能级之间,则构成了双耦合A型三能级系统.通过调谐强耦合场的频率失谐量,探测吸收谱线中不仅得到了典型的Mollow三峰失谐谱,还出现了电磁诱导透明(EIT)和电磁诱导吸收(EIA)等新现象,形成了Mollow七峰谱.该文进一步分析了EIT和EIA的位置与耦合场参数之间的关系,并用缀饰态理论做出了解释.     

基于自发辐射相干控制的电磁感应透明诱导无反转光放大效应

建立微波驱动基态精细结构跃迁的Λ型三能级系统,研究基于自发辐射相干控制的电磁感应透明诱导无反转光放大效应.微波场作用于基态精细结构能级之间,产生3个透明窗口,利用适当角度的自发辐射相干效应与电磁感应透明耦合,实现透明向光放大的转化.结果表明,透明转化为光放大时,激发态与基态能级之间以及两个基态能级之间均不出现粒子数反转,但在产生光放大的过程中必须经历两个基态能级出现粒子数反转的状态.调节微波场的频率失谐量可以改变基态能级上的粒子数分布,有利于无反转光放大的产生.     

调谐耦合场作用下的无反转光放大

 讨论了调谐耦合场作用下的Λ型三能级系统中的无反转光放大（AWI）现象,调谐耦合场同时激励两个基态精细结构能级与激发态能级之间的跃迁,使系统同时呈现电磁诱导透明（EIT）和自发诱导相干凹陷两种特性,而且当调节这个耦合场的频率失谐量在某一特定范围时,系统会在EIT信号上叠加出现AWI现象。研究结果表明：该系统中EIT和自发诱导相干凹陷之间存在能量转移现象,当EIT上出现AWI现象时,虽然激发态能级与基态能级之间没有出现粒子数反转,但是两个基态精细结构能级之间出现了粒子数反转。     

三能级原子系统中单光子频率失谐对光减速的影响

在Λ型三能级Rb原子介质中，观察到了由电磁感应透明（EIT）效应导致的光减速现象并测 量了光延迟对单光子频率失谐量的依赖关系. 结果表明，由于多普勒展宽效应的存在，在单 光子频率失谐±600MHz的范围内，光减速效应较为显著. 在考虑多谱勒频移的情况下，数值 计算了光延迟随单光子频率失谐量的变化曲线，实验结果与理论曲线很好地符合. 这一研 究结果为利用单光子频率失谐控制光的群速度提供了理论与实验参考. 关键词： 光减速 电磁感应透明 多普勒展宽     

多窗口可调谐电磁诱导透明研究

当两束激光以Λ-构型作用于三能级原子系统并满足双光子共振条件时，探测激光场吸收谱呈现电磁诱导透明(EIT)特征.若再加一个微波控制场作用于该三能级系统的两个低能级跃迁之间，会导致探测吸收特性明显变化，EIT窗口将发生劈裂.通过求解相应的密度矩阵方程，揭示了外加微波场作用下EIT窗口的变化规律，并给出了相应的缀饰态解释.研究结果表明，在适当的条件下, 电磁诱导透明呈现三重结构，而EIT窗口的频率位置取决于微波控制场的拉比频率及频率失谐量.因此通过改变微波控制场的参数可以实现多EIT窗口的频率调谐. 关键词： 电磁诱导透明 量子相干 频率调谐 多窗口EIT     

准Λ型四能级原子系统在弱场中的增益及电磁感应透明

利用数值模拟的方法讨论了稳态下准型四能级原子与两光场相互作用系统对探测场的增益以及与粒子数布居规律之间的关系。结果表明即使在场较弱的情况下,随着探测场和它所对应能级间跃迁频率失谐量的变化,系统在所有拉比频率相位为零时对探测光总会同时呈现三个增益峰和两个固定的产生电磁感应透明(EIT)现象的位置,并且当系统呈现电磁感应透明的同时,探测场所对应的高能级粒子数为零;而拉比频率相位的变化则会导致系统对探测光既有吸收也有增益,并且也呈现电磁感应透明现象,但仅仅相位的变化并不影响高能级的粒子数分布。值得注意的是该结果均在精确求解下所得。     

准A型四能级原子系统在弱场中的增益及电磁感应透明

利用数值模拟的方法讨论了稳态下准型四能级原子与两光场相互作用系统对探测场的增益以及与粒子数布居规律之间的关系。结果表明即使在场较弱的情况下，随着探测场和它所对应能级间跃迁频率失谐量的变化，系统在所有拉比频率相位为零时对探测光总会同时呈现三个增益峰和两个固定的产生电磁感应透明（EIT）现象的位置，并且当系统呈现电磁感应透明的同时，探测场所对应的高能级粒子数为零；而拉比频率相位的变化则会导致系统对探测光既有吸收也有增益，并且也呈现电磁感应透明现象，但仅仅相位的变化并不影响高能级的粒子数分布。值得注意的是该结果均在精确求解下所得。     

三能级电磁感应透明中辐射场的量子统计特性

对Λ型三能级原子电磁感应透明（EIT）过程中辐射场的二阶相干度进行了研究。理论分析表明，在电磁感应透明系统中，由于原子的相干效应导致其上能级共振荧光场的二阶相干度将呈现单光子场的量子统计特性。并对其随耦合场强度和探测光失谐的变化进行了详细的分析和讨论，结果发现：在｜Ω｜〉（Γ2＋Γ3）／2情况下．采用较弱的耦合光功率（由托比频率Ω表征）及较大的探测光失谐，在较长时间延迟范围内，二阶相十度保持小于1，更利于实现非经典场的量子统计行为；相反，在｜Ω｜≤（Γ2＋Γ3）／2情况下，探测光的失谐量越小，越利于获得二阶相干度小于1的量子统计光场。南此可见选取合适的参量可优化电磁感应透明过程中单光子场的量子统计特性。     

铯6S1/2 -6P3/2 -8S1/2阶梯型系统中超精细能级的多重电磁感应透明

基于铯原子6S_1/2 -6P_3/2 -8S_1/2的阶梯型能级系统,对室温下铯原子气室中的电磁感应透明(EIT)谱进行了研究.由于探测光的频率锁定于基态6S_1/2(F=3)到中间态6P_3/2的超精细跃迁线上,耦合光在中间态6P_3/2和激发态8S_1/2之间扫描,得到的EIT谱具有平坦的背景,提高了光谱的精度.理论上,采用了一个多能级的EIT模型,将其计算结果与所观察的实验现象进行了比较,二者符合得比较好. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 光抽运 超精细结构 阶梯型系统     

Experimental implementation of a four-level N-type scheme for the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency

A nondegenerate four-level N-type scheme was experimentally implemented to observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at the ⁸⁷Rb D ₂ line. Radiations of two independent external-cavity semiconductor lasers were used in the experiment, the current of one of them being modulated at a frequency equal to the hyperfine-splitting frequency of the excited 5P _3/2 level. In this case, apart from the main EIT dip corresponding to the two-photon Raman resonance in a three-level L-scheme, additional dips detuned from the main dip by a frequency equal to the frequency of the HF generator were observed in the absorption spectrum. These dips were due to an increase in the medium transparency at frequencies corresponding to the three-photon Raman resonances in four-level N-type schemes. The resonance shapes are analyzed as functions of generator frequency and magnetic field.     

Absorption-Dispersion Properties in a Four-Level Atomic System with Vacuum-Induced Coherence

We discuss and analyze absorption-dispersion response for the probe field in a typical four-level atomic system with vacuum-induced coherence (VIC) arising from the cross coupling pathways associated with a pair of upper excited hyperfine levels. We find that VIC effect can preserve electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by using the detailed numerical simulations based on the density-matrix equations and analytical calculations in the dressed-state picture. We also show that the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be a hindrance to obtaining EIT.     

Absorption-Dispersion Properties in a Four-Level Atomic System with Vacuum-Induced Coherence

We discuss and analyze absorption-dispersion response for the probe field in a typical four-level atomic system with vacuum-induced coherence (VIC) arising from the cross coupling pathways associated with a pair of upper excited hyperfine levels. We find that VIC effect can preserve electromagnetically induced transparency (FIT) by using the detailed numerical simulations based on the density-matrix equations and analytical calculations in the dressed-state picture. We also show that the atomic hyperfine structure cannot be a hindrance to obtaining EIT.     

Ultraslow optical solitons in a four-level tripod atomic system

We investigate possible formation and propagation of localized, shape-preserving nonlinear optical pulse in a resonant, lifetime-broadened four-level tripod atomic system via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We prove both analytically and numerically that although in anomalous dispersion regimes near resonance a superluminal optical soliton may appear, such soliton suffers serious absorption. However, by choosing appropriate parameters to make the system work in normal dispersion regimes and within an EIT transparency window, ultraslow optical solitons with very low light intensity can form and propagate stably in the system.     

Comparison of steady and transient optical responses between a four-level Tripod system and a three-level Lambda system

We study and compare the steady and transient optical responses of a four-level system and a three-level system, which are dressed by two and three laser fields, respectively. In the three-level system, a transmissivity window (a reflectivity platform) may be induced on the probe resonance by a traveling-wave (standing-wave) coupling field. In the four-level system, both transmissivity window and reflectivity platform are remarkably modified when a traveling-wave driving field is applied on two-photon resonance with the probe, but change little when the traveling-wave driving field is largely two-photon detuned. This implies that the four-level system can be safely treated as a three-level one in certain frequency regions of interest. Transient behaviors of atomic coherence on the probe resonance are also examined in both three-level and four-level systems to further confirm this conclusion. Our new findings are beneficial to achieve a novel all-optical routing scheme by simultaneously creating a transmissivity window and a reflectivity platform on a single resonance, and may also be used to simplify theoretical treatments in the situations where numerical calculations are complicated and intractable in the presence of at least one standing-wave field.     

在一个具有超精细结构的四能级原子系统中的拉曼散射

在一个具有超精细结构的四能级原子系统中，为了压抑暂态过程和稳态过程两种情况下的弱探测光束的吸收，我们提出和分析了一种有效的拉曼散射计划。对于暂态过程，借助一个漂亮的Mathematic程序进行数值计算，我们发现在探测跃迁线中心探测吸收的幅度与一般的基于电磁感应透明的三能级原子系统相比要小。对于稳态情况，结果表明探测吸收在线中心能够被彻底地消除，正像通常的三能级电磁感应透明方案。特别地，我们的结果表明在拉曼共振的条件下探测吸收能够被彻底地消除，也就是说，对于稳态过程我们仅仅要求双光子失谐量在超精细二能级频率间隙内是零。与标准的三能级电磁感应透明方案相比，我们的四能级拉曼计划的优点之一是在拉曼共振条件下我们能观察到透明窗口，不需要严格地单光子和双光子失谐量为零。因此，原子超精细结构对于获取电磁感应透明不是一个障碍。     

Double dark resonances and the dispersion properties in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system

The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and its dispersion properties in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system are investigated. The absorption spectrum of a weak probe field shows two EIT windows (dark resonances) whose location, width, and depth can be controlled by manipulating the parameters of the coupling fields; the corresponding dispersion properties are also measured by using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The experimental measurements agree well with the theoretical calculations. This kind of system can find important applications in two-channel quantum communication and information storage.     

四能级系统中相位控制电磁诱导透明研究

提出了一种利用微波场的相对相位调控电磁诱导透明(EIT)光谱特性的方法. 在外加双微波驱动场的准Λ型四能级原子系统中,通过求解系统的密度矩阵方程得到探测场的吸收谱,分析了电磁诱导透明窗口的位置随微波驱动场相位的变化规律,并借助缀饰态理论给出了准确解释. 结果表明,对于确定的作用场强度,调节微波驱动场的相位可实现电磁诱导透明的频率位置及间隔的准确控制. 关键词： 四能级原子系统 电磁诱导透明(EIT) 相位控制 微波场     

Role of population transfer under strong probe conditions in electromagnetically induced transparency

We analyze theoretically the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) under conditions where the probe laser is not in the usual weak limit. We consider the effects in both three-level and four-level systems, which are either closed or open (due to losses to an external metastable level). We find that the EIT dip almost disappears in a closed three-level system but survives in an open system. In four-level systems, there is a narrow enhanced-absorption peak (EITA) at line center, which has applications as an optical clock. The peak converts to an EIT dip in a closed system, but again survives in an open system.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency in Λ-system involving D 2 line of Rb atoms confined in sub-micron columns

The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Λ-system formed by rubidium atoms contained in thin (10–60 μm) and extremely thin (0.3–5 μm) cells was studied experimentally. It was found that parameters of the EIT resonance degrade slowly in the case where the frequency of the coupling laser is in resonance with the D ₂ transition of rubidium, which enabled the registration of the EIT resonance in a record thin cell with a thickness of L = 390 nm. The specific features of EIT in extremely thin cells reveal themselves when the coupling laser has a frequency detuning Δ from the atomic transition. In this case, the width of the EIT resonance rapidly increases upon an increase in Δ at fixed L (an opposite effect takes place in centimeter-scale cells). It is shown that the width of the EIT resonance is inversely proportional to L in the case of fixed large detuning Δ. The nearly tenfold broadening of the EIT resonance for large values of detuning Δ is caused by the influence of atomic collisions with cell windows on dephasing rate of coherence. The expressions that allow the estimation of the EIT-resonance width for various values of detuning Δ and small values of thickness L are found.