不同轨道结构下电枢电流分布特性

解决轨道和电枢的烧蚀问题是六极轨道电磁发射器走向实际应用的关键环节,引起轨道和电枢烧蚀的原因之一就是轨道和电枢中电流分布不均匀。利用有限元仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell对三种不同轨道进行仿真,得到了电枢表面电流密度分布情况以及电枢受力。结果表明:矩形轨道对应电枢表面电流密度最大值在三种轨道中最小,凸出半圆形轨道枢轨接触面电流分布最均匀,在发射过程中可以有效减少轨道和电枢的烧蚀,凹陷半圆形轨道对应的电枢受力最大,可用于大质量物体的发射。     

脉冲大电流电磁轨道发射装置特性

为获得大电动力、低温升、高结构强度的轨道型电磁发射器,分析了脉冲大电流电磁轨道发射装置的工作性能,对电感梯度、通流能力进行了判定,并分析了重力、电枢电动力与螺栓预紧力共同作用下电磁轨道发射装置的力学特性。结果表明:在导轨长度及截面宽度固定的情况下,截面厚度越小,电感梯度越大;截面厚度越大,温升越低。为了获得大电感梯度、低温升并考虑材料成本,应合理设计各个部件的形状及尺寸。     

四轨电磁发射器的背场增强仿真分析

针对四轨电磁发射器的背场增强方案的电感梯度进行了仿真分析。根据虚功原理,推导了背场下的四轨电磁发射器电感梯度公式。建立了三维背场仿真模型,分析了不同主、附轨道参数下电感梯度的变化规律。仿真结果表明:添加背场后,增大发射器口径、减小主附轨间距和附轨道截面积均能够实现系统电感梯度的提升;背场增强下,在主轨道高度达到口径的57%时,邻近效应已变得明显;相同附轨道截面积下,为增大系统电感梯度应优先减小附轨道厚度,为缓解电流邻近效应可优先减小附轨道高度;凹形截面附轨道能够明显改善电流邻近效应。     

轨道炮速度趋肤效应的分析与仿真

 根据Maxwell方程推导出电磁场参数与速度之间的关系,建立了直角坐标下的电磁场和温度场扩散2维偏微分方程, 分析了固体电枢电磁轨道炮的速度趋肤效应。以矩形固体电枢为例,给出了边界条件和激励源函数。采用有限差分法对方程进行求解,并对数据进行了分析,得到轨道和电枢中磁感应强度、温度和电流密度的分布曲线。计算结果表明:电枢的运动使得电流密度集中在电枢和轨道交界面的尾部,使得该局部地区温度增加,进而引起电枢尾部的熔融与烧蚀。     

分布储能式电磁轨道炮效率分析

分布储能式电磁轨道炮在长导轨发射中具备高发射效率优势,为实现分布储能式电磁轨道炮的恒流特点,建立可供发射器参数、结构设计参考的仿真模型尤为重要。针对口径为60 mm×80 mm的矩形轨道炮,根据电流波形的平稳性要求,沿导轨方向设置电流馈入点,诊断电枢位置并分时序触发各馈入点电源,以测试分布储能式电磁轨道炮的工作性能。在COMSOL三维磁场中建立矩形导轨-电枢模型,基于电流和磁场的多物理场耦合有限元分析得到磁场和电流的分布,并利用电磁场仿真结果实现电流趋肤效应下轨道电阻梯度计算。基于MATLAB SIMULINK平台对电容储能型脉冲功率电源模块建立电气电路;分析分布储能式电磁轨道炮非线性时变的动态特性并建立轨道及电枢阻抗模型,计算正向电磁力、滑动摩擦力构造电枢的运动方程,并使用信号电路建立电枢-导轨模块,通过Simulink测量模块连接两个隔离的网络,仿真计算得到导轨电流及电枢的出膛速度。设计了总储能为4.16 MJ的分布式储能轨道炮,结果显示,电容预充电压为10.8 kV时,导轨长为3 m的分布式电磁轨道炮可将1 kg的弹丸加速至1.4 km/s,与炮尾集中式电磁轨道炮相比,系统发射效率可提升约3%。     

C型固体电枢3维有限元电磁发射计算

对轨道型固体电枢电磁发射的电磁过程进行了研究,建立了基于麦克斯韦准静态A-Φ场方程的3维静枢电磁发射数值模型。利用ANSYS有限元电磁模块结合发射装置的实测参数,对电枢在静枢模型下的电磁发射进行了模拟。计算结果表明:馈入相同电流加载波形时,流经C型电枢的电流密度、磁通量以及电磁发射过程中所受电磁力,在不同时刻的内部分布、峰值和大小均与文献计算结果相符。     

具有尺寸限制的点接触结构自旋极化电流驱动下磁涡旋的稳态振荡

选取具有尺寸限制的点接触结构作为研究对象,采用Thiele方程对模型中磁涡旋在自旋极化电流作用下的动力学行为进行计算.计算表明磁涡旋可以在一定的电流密度范围内稳定旋转,该稳定旋转可以存在的电流密度范围与点接触区的大小和纳米点的尺寸有关.当磁涡旋核作稳态旋转时,其所处的轨道半径以及旋转频率都随电流密度的增加而增加,旋转频率可调节的范围随点接触尺寸的增加快速减小.     

相干梯度敏感干涉测量技术及在静态断裂力学实验中的应用

介绍了相干梯度敏感(CGS)干涉测量技术的基本原理及其在静态Ⅰ型断裂实验中的应用,验证了该方法对裂纹尖端局部变形场和断裂特性进行定量研究的可行性。给出了代表静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端奇异场光力学信息的CGS控制方程,模拟并分析了Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的CGS条纹模式,对静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端变形场和断裂特性进行了三点弯曲的CGS试验,并提取了应力强度因子KⅠ。结果表明,试验结果与理论分析结果相吻合。     

电磁轨道发射器的模型化研究方法北大核心CSCD

为了更高效地对电磁轨道发射进行大量的实验研究,分析改进了使用中小口径发射器作为研究对象的模型化研究方法。考虑到材料属性等实验条件的可行性,对电磁轨道发射器进行模型化,分析其电磁场、温度场等物理场以及速度、带载能力等性能指标,提出较为可行的模型化研究方案,并利用Ansoft Maxwell等软件对瞬态情况下的发射器三维模型进行仿真验证。理论推导和仿真结果表明:电磁轨道发射器的模型化研究方法有很多种,在大口径原型发射器中采用电导率相对较低的材料,即可实现与现有的、采用电导率较高材料的中小口径发射器的物理场匹配,且保证速度和单位体积带载能力相同。     

自场下高温超导MCP BSCCO-2212电流引线失超过程电磁特性研究

本文研究了大电流自场条件下,采用熔化铸造工艺(MCP)制备的BSCCO-2212高温超导电流引线失超过程电磁特性.在磁通粘滞流动模型的基础上,推导出二维磁通粘滞流动平衡方程式,得到了磁流阻状态下的电流密度、磁通密度和磁流阻率分布;应用二维场量分布进一步得到了平均磁流阻率随电流密度和温度的变化特性.计算结果对于电流引线安全保护设计、提高电流引线载流能力具有重要意义.     

高阶过模Denisov辐射器设计

应用几何光学理论分析了高阶过模Denisov辐射器的基本工作原理。以耦合波理论为基础,给出了高阶过模Denisov辐射器的设计方法。结合3 mm波段边廊模回旋管的具体参数,研究了3 mm波段工作模式为TE6,2的Denisov辐射器。采用编制的数值计算程序,优化得到可靠的最优波导壁扰动几何参量,据此设计出了紧凑的96.4 GHz工作模式为TE6,2的Denisov辐射器。经全电磁场仿真验证,该辐射器壁电流发生了较好的汇聚,在切割边缘电流幅值降为汇聚中心点的10%,输出准高斯束能量转换效率为96.51%。     

A numerical analytic method for electromagnetic radiation accompanying with fracture of rocks

This paper studies Rabinovitch’s compression experiments on granite and chalk and proposes an oscillating dipole model to analyse and simulate the electromagnetic radiation phenomenon caused by fracture of rocks. Our model assumes that the electromagnetic radiation pulses are initiated by vibrations of the charged rock grains on the tips of the crack. The vibrations of the rock grains are stimulated by the pulses of the cracks. Our simulations show comparable results with Rabinovitch’s compression experiments. From the simulation results, it verifies an assumption that the crack width is inversely proportional to the circular frequency electromagnetic radiation, which is presented by Rabinovitch et al. The simulation results also imply that, by using our oscillating dipole model together with Rabinovitch’s two equations about the crack length and crack width, we can quantitatively analyse and simulate the electromagnetic radiation phenomenon, which is induced from the fracture of the rocks.     

Concerning the design of capacitively driven induction coil guns

The authors consider the design of capacitively driven, multisection, electromagnetic coil launchers, or coil guns, taking their transient behavior into account. A lumped-parameter computer simulation is developed to predict the performance of the launcher system. It is shown that a traveling electromagnetic wave can be generated on the barrel by the resonance of drive coils and their capacitors. More than half of the energy initially stored in the capacitor bank can be converted into kinetic energy of the projectile in one shot, and an additional quarter can be utilized in subsequent shots, if the launcher dimensions, resonant frequency, and firing sequence are properly selected. The projectile starts smoothly from zero initial velocity and with zero initial sleeve current. Section-to-section transitions which have significant effects on the launcher performance are also discussed. Experimental results were obtained with a small model and are in good agreement with theoretical predictions     

Surface plasmon-polaritons on ultrathin metal films

We discuss the surface plasmon-polaritons used for ultrathin metal films with the aid of linear response theory and make comparisons with the known result given by Economou E N. In this paper we consider transverse electromagnetic fields and assume that the electromagnetic field in the linear response formula is the induced field due to the current of the electrons. It satisfies the Maxwell equation and thus we replace the current (charge) term in the Maxwell equation with the linear response expectation value. Finally,taking the external field to be zero,we obtain the dispersion relation of the surface plasmons from the eigenvalue equation. In addition,the charge-density and current-density in the z direction on the surface of ultrathin metal films are also calculated. The results may be helpful to the fundamental understanding of the complex phenomenon of surface plasmon-polaritons.     

电磁弹射灭火弹消防系统研究

首先介绍了我国严峻的火灾形势,阐明现有气动和火箭发射灭火弹装置的研究现状,针对射程不足、火工品使用限制等问题,提出采用电磁线圈发射器发射灭火弹进行灭火,基于电流丝模型法设计了一种10级线圈发射器模型,以脉冲电容器作为初始能源,采用续流电路对线圈进行时序放电,可将7.2 kg抛体加速至最高速度171 m/s,出口速度154 m/s,发射效率达15%,分析表明现有电磁线圈发射器能够满足灭火弹的发射需要。提出一种智能化无人电磁弹射灭火弹消防系统,智能指挥控制系统利用无人机采集火场信息,制定灭火策略,指挥无人电磁发射灭火车发射灭火弹实现精准高效灭火,根据灭火效能评估结果调整灭火方案,直至完成灭火任务。     

Quantum fluctuations in a distributed Josephson junction and the spectral properties of Josephson oscillators

Within the framework of a tunneling Hamiltonian, we obtain an equation for the reduced density matrix to describe quasiclassical dynamics and fluctuation effects in distributed Josephson junctions for voltages comparable with the superconducting gap. For quasiclassical dynamics, we derive the Langevin equation describing in a self-consistent way the resistive state and fluctuations due to both the tunneling current and the electromagnetic field. Current-voltage characteristics of a Josephson oscillator are calculated in the high magnetic field approximation. The intensity and shape of the spectral line of radiation due to vortices moving in a distributed Josephson junction are found.     

Pressure pulse induced by a pulsed electric current in a cylindrical liquid conductor

An analogue of z pinch is considered for a finite-conductivity liquid in a cylindrical nonconducting tube through which an exponentially decaying current pulse is passed. The distributions of magnetic induction, current density, and volume electromagnetic force pressure in the conducting liquid cylinder are found by solving an equation for a quasi-stationary electromagnetic field and the equation of magnetohydrostatics with the operational method.     

Investigation of the particle spin properties on the velocity space instability in high‐density plasmas

The nonresonant electromagnetic instabilities of the anisotropic velocity space (Weibel‐like) have always been one of the interesting subjects for researchers. These electromagnetic instabilities play an important role in generating strong magnetic fields in laboratory plasmas for applications such as inertial confinement fusion and space plasmas. In this paper, we investigate the quantum effects of the particle spin on the electromagnetic instabilities. In the case of the presence of a magnetic dipole force and an electron precession frequency like the Vlasov equation, we derive the full quantum equation. This study shows that, in the presence of the spin‐polarized effects, the growth rate of the instabilities is reduced compared to the classical cases and will not arise for low fractions of the temperature anisotropy for different values of the magnetic field. Indeed, it is expected that the probability of electron capture in the background magnetic fields and the effective collision with the particle increase because of the spin effect, so that a high portion of the electron energy is transmitted to the background plasma, and the temperature anisotropy governing the electron distribution is reduced.