铜修饰微电极阵列硝酸根检测（英文）

许多水域含有过量的硝酸根,会诱发许多问题。采用微机电系统工艺,制备出一种基于铂叉指微电极阵列的硝酸根离子(NO-3)检测微传感电极。通过电化学恒电位沉积法在铂叉指微电极阵列上修饰,得到多孔、簇状铜敏感膜。采用线性扫描伏安电化学检测方法,考察该微传感电极对NO-3的响应性能,在0~2mg/L浓度范围内,线性度为0.999,灵敏度为-3.15μA·L·mg-1。在相同沉积修饰条件下,叉指微电极比同等敏感面积(1mm2)的圆盘微电极表现出更强的催化活性和更高的灵敏度,分析其原因,认为主要是叉指微电极的结构和边缘效应造成的。     

氧化钨二维微米球腔阵列对聚苯胺电致变色的影响

采用气/液界面自组装方法制备规整排列的聚苯乙烯微球二维单层结构,以此为模板,采用电化学沉积法在电极表面构筑了有序的氧化钨微球腔阵列,进一步在氧化钨球腔内电化学沉积聚苯胺,采用吸收光谱研究了电极表面球腔阵列结构对聚苯胺电致变色行为的影响.     

铜簇修饰微电极小型硝酸根电化学检测系统

研制了一种用于硝酸根检测的小型电化学测量系统。该系统利用由微机电系统（MEMS）技术制备在玻璃基底上的铜簇修饰工作电极（WE）和铂对电极（CE）,实现对水中硝酸根离子的浓度检测。设计了一个低噪声、高精度的恒电位仪模块来实现工作电极表面铜层的自更新、线性扫描电压的产生以及A~mA级响应电流的检测。应用STM32F407微控制器控制测量过程并将检测结果显示在电容触摸屏上。实验结果表明,在0~71.4 molL-1浓度范围内,系统对硝酸根的检测具有较好的线性度（0.996）。与电化学工作站的检测结果进行对比,该小型系统表现出良好的性能。     

石墨烯-金纳米复合膜修饰电极溶出伏安法测定水中痕量汞

通过一步电沉积制备了石墨烯-金纳米复合膜修饰玻碳电极,并以此修饰电极为工作电极,采用差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法测定环境水中痕量汞. 这种纳米复合膜结合了金纳米粒子和石墨烯两者的优势,能够增加异相电子转移速度和修饰电极对汞的富集能力,从而显著提高了电极的灵敏度和选择性. 这种修饰电极具有良好的分析性能：Hg(II)的分析曲线覆盖了0.2～5.0和5.0～30 μg/L两个线性范围,Hg(II)检测限(S/N=3)为0.030 μg/L. 此外,该修饰电极还表现出良好的稳定性和抗干扰性能,还被成功地应用于实际水样中Hg(II)的测定.     

金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极的制备及应用 (cited: 1)

利用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子和钼氧化物共同电沉积在玻碳电极表面,制备了金纳米粒子和钼氧化物复合膜修饰电极,利用SEM和XPS研究了MoO_x/AuNPs复合膜的表面形态,并研究其修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化过程. 首次提出了阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法,即在反向扫描过程中纯的催化氧化电流通过扣减背景电流的方法被提取出来. 显著提高电流测量灵敏度改善了信噪比. 制备的MoO_x/AuNPs复合膜修饰电极在0.01～4.0 mmol/L对葡萄糖具有线性响应,电流灵敏度为2.35 mA·L/(mmol·cm²),检测限为9.01 μmol/L(信噪比为3).     

分子印迹-碳纳米管修饰电极检测扑热息痛

以扑热息痛为模板,邻苯二胺为单体,采用电聚合法制备了分子印迹-多壁碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极,研究了扑热息痛在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对扑热息痛的电极反应具有明显的电催化活性。该修饰电极对扑热息痛的方波伏安检测线性范围为2.0×10-6—8.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极显示了良好的稳定性和重现性。     

铜簇修饰微电极小型硝酸根电化学检测系统（英文）

研制了一种用于硝酸根检测的小型电化学测量系统。该系统利用由微机电系统(MEMS)技术制备在玻璃基底上的铜簇修饰工作电极(WE)和铂对电极(CE),实现对水中硝酸根离子的浓度检测。设计了一个低噪声、高精度的恒电位仪模块来实现工作电极表面铜层的自更新、线性扫描电压的产生以及μA~mA级响应电流的检测。应用STM32F407微控制器控制测量过程并将检测结果显示在电容触摸屏上。实验结果表明,在0~71.4μmol·L-1浓度范围内,系统对硝酸根的检测具有较好的线性度(0.996)。与电化学工作站的检测结果进行对比,该小型系统表现出良好的性能。     

石墨烯/氧化铜纳米粒子/铜修饰电极对亚叶酸钙的电催化氧化及其分析应用

采用阳极极化的方法在铜电极表面形成氧化铜纳米粒子,然后采用循环伏安法将羧基化石墨烯电沉积到上述电极表面,成功制备了石墨烯/氧化铜纳米粒子/铜电极,用于碱性溶液中亚叶酸钙的检测.采用循环伏安法对亚叶酸钙在修饰电极上的催化氧化行为进行了研究,阳极扫描极化反向催化伏安法应用于亚叶酸钙的检测.在2.0×10^-7~2.0×10^-5 mol/L范围内,该电极显示出良好的线性关系,灵敏度为22.0 μA·μL/（μmol/cm²）,检测限达到7.6×10^-8 mol/L（S/N=3）,成功应用于实际样品的检测.     

微透镜阵列线性光学扫描器

本文介绍了一种新型的线性扫描光学系统，它由一对处于望远型结构的微透镜阵列和一个普通的会聚透镜组成。微透镜阵列采用二元光学技术进行设计和制作。该装置具有扫描灵敏度高（～１０００）、扫描范围大（±１００ｍｍ）、结构紧凑、价格低廉等优点。     

水合肼还原的氧化石墨烯吸附NO_2的实验研究

还原氧化石墨烯由于独特的原子结构,作为气体检测领域有潜力的候选者引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣.本文采用水合肼作为还原剂来制备还原氧化石墨烯,并以此作为叉指电极的气体敏感层,研究了其对NO2气体的响应特性.结果表明,水合肼还原的氧化石墨烯可以实现在室温下对浓度为1—40 ppm (1 ppm=10–6)的NO2气体的检测,具有较好的响应性和重复性,恢复率可以达到71%以上,但是灵敏度只有0.00201 ppm–1,还有较大的提升空间.此外,对浓度5 ppm的NO2的响应和恢复时间分别是319 s和776 s.水合肼还原的氧化石墨烯气体传感器的传感机制可归因于NO2分子和传感材料之间的电荷转移.还原氧化石墨烯的突出电学特性促进了电子转移过程,这使得传感器在室温下表现出优异的气体传感性能.本实验研究可为石墨烯基传感器件的应用奠定一定的基础.     

Hydrogen and oxygen plasma enhancement in the Cu electrodeposition and consolidation processes on BDD electrode applied to nitrate reduction

Copper nanoparticle electrodeposition and consolidation processes were studied on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode submitted to hydrogen and oxygen plasma treatments. The modified BDD films were applied as electrodes for nitrate electroreduction. The results showed that both treatments have a strong influence on the copper deposition and dissolution processes. For BDD treated with hydrogen plasma the copper electrodeposit was homogeneous with high particle density. This behavior was attributed to the BDD surface hydrogenation that improved its conductivity. On the other hand, the treatment with oxygen plasma was important for the copper nanoparticle consolidation on BDD surface, confirmed by the result's reproducibility for nitrate reduction. This performance may be associated with the formation of oxygen groups that can act as anchor points for Cu-clusters, enhancing the interfacial adhesion between diamond and the metal coating. The best electrochemical nitrate reduction response was obtained in acid media, where occurred the separation of the nitrate reduction process and the water reduction reaction.     

Influence of glyphosate on the copper dissolution in phosphate buffer

The electrochemical behavior of copper microelectrode in phosphate buffer in the presence of glyphosate was investigated by electrochemical techniques. It was observed that the additions of glyphosate in the phosphate buffer increased the anodic current of copper microelectrode and the electrochemical dissolution was observed. This phenomenon could be associated with the Cu(II) complexation by glyphosate forming a soluble complex. Physical characterization of the surface showed that, in absence of glyphosate, an insoluble layer covered the copper surface; on the other hand, in presence of glyphosate, it was observed a corroded copper surface with the formation of glyphosate complex in solution.     

Voltammetric detection of nitrate in water sample based on in situ copper-modified electrode

A simple and fast electroanalytical method for the detection of nitrate at an in situ copper-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in an acidic media is proposed on the basis of square wave voltammetry. Since the fresh copper-modified electrode was formed in situ and the signals of nitrate were recorded in time, the whole experiment does not require sample preparation and oxygen removal from the solution degassed with nitrogen. Finally, a procedure for on-line electrochemical cleaning, the surface of GCE was employed to keep the copper film fresh. The whole experiment was rapid, in no more than 10 min. Under the optimal conditions, nitrates could be quantitatively determined in the range extending from 10 to 300 μM, a very good linear correlation (R?=?0.9996) can be observed when analyzing the relationship between the peak current and the ion concentration. In addition, the interferential effects of some common anions in water samples on the nitrate determination were also investigated. The results show that only nitrite ions could produce a distinct peak current at the same potential as nitrate does. When applying this method to detect nitrate in real water samples, the results exhibit good sensitivity. The procedure was also verified by the standard optical method.     

Novel nanostructured electrochemical sensor for voltammetric determination of N-acetylcysteine in the presence of high concentrations of tryptophan

A carbon paste electrode chemically modified with multiwall nanotubes and ethynylferrocene (ETFc) was used as a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of minor amounts of N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) in the presence of a high concentration of tryptophan (Trp). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of N-AC at the modified electrode exhibited linear dynamic range with a detection limit (3 s) of 0.08 μmol?L^?1. The separations of anodic peak potentials of N-AC and Trp reached 400 mV using SWV. With good selectivity and sensitivity, the present method provides a simple method for selective detection of N-AC in real samples such as drug and urine.     

An electrochemical sensor based on carbon nanotubes and a new Schiff base for selective determination of dopamine in the presence of uric acid, folic acid, and acetaminophen

In this paper, the electrochemical properties of a carbon paste electrode modified by a synthesized Schiff base, 2,2′-[1,4-phenylenediyl-bis(nitrilomethyl-idene)]-bis(4-hydroxyphenol), and carbon nanotubes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode was used as an electrochemical sensor for catalytic oxidation of dopamine (DA). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of DA by this electrochemical sensor exhibited two linear dynamic ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.42 μM. Also, the selectivity of the prepared electrochemical sensor was checked for determination of DA in the presence of uric acid (UA), folic acid (FA), and acetaminophen (AC). The DPV results indicate that the proposed sensor can be used for simultaneous determination of DA, UA, and FA and also simultaneous determination of DA and AC. Finally, the proposed electrochemical sensor was used for determinations of these substances in real sample.     

A voltammetric sensor based on GO–MWNTs hybrid nanomaterial-modified electrode for determination of carbendazim in soil and water samples

A voltammetric sensor for the determination of carbendazim was developed at a glassy carbon electrode modified with a hybrid nanomaterial (graphene oxide–multi-walled nanotubes/glassy carbon (GO–MWNTs/GC)). Its surface electrochemical property was studied with UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of carbendazim was investigated on the modified electrode with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The influence of modifier dosage, buffer solution, pH, accumulation time, and scan rates on the determination was discussed. The results indicated that the reaction of carbendazim on the electrode was controlled by diffusion and was an irreversible process with two electrons. The effective area of GO–MWNTs/GC, anodic transfer coefficient, and apparent diffusion coefficient were calculated. The anodic peak current of carbendazim was linear with the concentration of carbendazim from 10 nM to 4 μM with a detection limit of 5 nM (S/N?=?3). The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of carbendazim in soil and tap water.     

二阶导数光谱-峰面积积分法同时测定芦荟中痕量的铁、铜、钴

利用二阶导数光谱-峰面积积分技术,在1,10-邻菲罗啉显色体系中,有效地消除共存离子的干扰,提高了方法的准确度和灵敏度,建立了同时测定痕量铁、铜、钴的一种新方法。铁在0.0～8.5 μg·mL-1;铜在0.0～7.3 μg·mL-1;钴在0.0～5.9 μg·mL-1浓度范围内符合朗伯-比尔定律。可用于芦荟中铁、铜和钴的同时测定,回收率为98.6%～102%,相对标准偏差为0.1%～0.2%。样品测定结果与ICP-AES法比较没有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。     

Layered nanocomposite of zinc sulfide covered reduced graphene oxide and their implications for electrocatalytic applications

Herein, we have synthesized zinc sulfide nanospheres (ZnS NPs) encapsulated on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid by an ultrasonic bath (50 kHz/60 W). The physical and structural properties of ZnS NPs@RGO hybrid were analyzed by TEM, XRD, EIS and EDS. As-prepared ZnS NPs@RGO hybrid was applied towards the electrochemical determination of caffeic acid (CA) in various food samples. The ZnS NPs@RGO hybrid modified electrode (GCE) exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic performance towards caffeic acid detection and determination, when compared to other modified electrodes. Therefore, the electrochemical sensing performance of the fabricated and nanocomposite modified electrode was significantly improved owing to the synergistic effect of ZnS NPs and RGO catalyst. Furthermore, the hybrid materials provide highly active electro-sites as well as rapid electron transport pathways. The proposed electrochemical caffeic acid sensor produces a wide linear range of 0.015–671.7 µM with a nanomolar level detection limit (3.29 nM). In addition, the real sample analysis of the proposed sensor has applied to the determination of caffeic acid in various food samples.     

Nanomolar detection limit for determination of norepinephrine in the presence of acetaminophen and tryptophan using carbon nanotube-based electrochemical sensor

A carbon paste electrode modified by carbon nanotubes and a synthesized hydroquinone derivative (abbreviated as DHB) was fabricated. It was used as an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine (NE), acetaminophen (AC), and tryptophan (Trp). Oxidation potential of NE decreased about 220 mV at the modified electrode in comparison with unmodified electrode because of electrocatalysis of oxidation of NE via E? mechanism at the modified electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry was used for obtaining the calibration plot of NE and two linear range of 0.2–20.0 μM and 20.0–1,500.0 μM and an interesting detection limit (3σ) of 40.0 nM were obtained for NE. Also, simultaneous determination of NE, AC, and Trp was described by the proposed sensor and linear range of 20.0–800.0 μM was found for AC and Trp. Finally, the electrochemical sensor was used for the determination of NE, AC, and Trp in mixture.