GMI/超导复合磁强计的超导磁通变换器设计和研究

介绍了一种基于高温超导薄膜材料的具有微弱磁场放大能力的超导磁通变换器。该磁通变换器是本课题组提出的超高精度GMI/超导复合磁强计的核心部件。其基本结构是一个带有轭形微桥结构的闭合超导环,超导环的微桥部分只有几十微米宽,此种高质量的微桥结构是通过半导体光刻精密微加工技术获得的。其较大的超导环面积可以增大磁通汇集区域,提高磁场分辨率;狭窄的微桥结构形成磁场增强的区域,是低场磁敏感器件的工作区域。对此种超导磁通变换器的磁通放大能力进行了分析,并通过仿真对不同尺寸的超导环磁场放大倍数进行了计算。理论计算的结果在磁光成像实验中获得了初步的验证,为复合传感器的实现和优化设计奠定了技术基础。     

电子束曝光制备YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)纳米级桥宽双晶结

传统的紫外线曝光难以制备微桥宽度不超过1微米的双晶约瑟夫森结.我们利用电子束曝光技术制备了纳米级别(几百纳米)桥宽YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)双晶结,具有优良的电流-电压特性和微波响应特性.并分析60K温度下100纳米膜厚的双晶结微桥宽度的变化对结正常态电阻R_N、超导临界电流I_c、特征电压I_cR_N的影响规律.通过考虑结与外部微波电路的阻抗匹配、结检测太赫兹波灵敏度、超导电流大小对高次微波响应台阶影响以及结的特征电压四个因素,得到最佳的太赫兹波检测器中双晶结的微桥宽度为1微米左右.     

射频超导量子干涉器的外磁通调制测量磁通量子

在外磁通作用下射频超导量子干涉器（ＲＦＳＱＵＩＤ）超导结两边量子相位差受到调制，干涉器吸收谐振回路能量的同时也影响谐振回路，回路输出电压与外磁通为三角波曲线关系，再受静磁场作用时曲线移动，据此可磁通量子。     

DC与AC激励超导隧道结阵发性混沌研究

本文利用全电流超导隧道结电子模拟器研究了ｄｃ与ａｃ电流激励下超导隧道结阵发性混沌。在固定外加ａｃ激励信号频率、幅度和滞后参数的条件下，改变ｄｃ偏置，用示波器显示了周期解，次谐波解与混沌解时的相空间轨迹（φ－ｃｏｓφ）以及对应的结两端电压的瞬时波形图（φ－ｔ）。初步阐述了阵发性混沌的性质及通向这一模式的道路。     

金兹堡-朗道方程解的稳定性讨论

在某些给定物理条件下,GL方程的解可能多于一个.这一结果也适用于电流通过超导微桥的情形.因此,讨论解的稳定性是必要的.本文将给出微桥情形下解的稳定性判据,并讨论它的实际用法.     

δ势垒对多臂量子环中持续电流的影响

提出了中臂弯曲的多臂量子环模型,且是上臂最短和下臂最长的不等臂量子环.研究发现：总磁通为零时,持续电流随半导体环增大发生非周期性振荡,并与电极的磁矩方向及隧穿电子的自旋方向相关,下臂因为最长而获得最小的平均持续电流.AB磁通增强时,持续电流会发生周期性振荡,各臂之间明显出现相互制约的现象.各臂持续电流之间的差异与臂长和磁通分布相关,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流相位和相位差的效应.在一定条件下,两种波函数所对应的持续电流是可分离的.     

δ势垒对多臂量子环中持续电流的影响

提出了含δ势垒的多臂量子环模型.研究发现总磁通为零时,持续电流随半导体环增大发生非周期性振荡,下臂因含δ势垒而获得最小的平均持续电流.AB磁通增强时,持续电流会发生周期性等幅振荡,并与电极的磁矩方向以及隧穿电子的自旋方向相关.两电极磁矩方向平行时,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流相位和相位差的效应;两电极磁矩方向反平行时,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流振幅的效应.各臂之间持续电流的不同与臂长和磁通分布的差异相关.在一定条件下,两种波函数所对应的持续电流是可分离的. 关键词： 多臂量子环 持续电流 δ势垒 Rashba自旋轨道耦合     

特殊结构的多臂量子环的持续电流

提出了中臂弯曲的多臂量子环模型,且是上臂最短和下臂最长的不等臂量子环.研究发现：总磁通为零时,持续电流随半导体环增大发生非周期性振荡,并与电极的磁矩方向及隧穿电子的自旋方向相关,下臂因为最长而获得最小的平均持续电流.AB磁通增强时,持续电流会发生周期性振荡,各臂之间明显出现相互制约的现象.各臂持续电流之间的差异与臂长和磁通分布相关,Rashba自旋轨道耦合具有改变持续电流相位和相位差的效应.在一定条件下,两种波函数所对应的持续电流是可分离的. 关键词： 多臂量子环 持续电流 Rashba自旋轨道耦合     

重费米子超导体UPd2Al3与常规超导体Nb之间波函数的量子相干效应

超导体的电子波函数对称性一直是引人注目的重要问题。本研究了波函数为Ｐ态或ｄ态的“高温”重费米子超导体ＵＰｄ２Ａｌ３（Ｔｃ￣２Ｋ）与Ｓ态的常规超导体Ｎｂ之间的量子相干效应。精确测量表明，在一个包括由上述两种超导体组成的Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ结的超导环中，有持续电流产生，且环中磁通是量子化的，每一个磁通量大小为（０．９９±０．０３）ｈ／２ｅ，明确无误的表明这一复合系统中两种对称性不同的波函数位相相干。此     

超导变厚微桥的静态电流相位关系

超导变厚微桥的电流相位关系可以从金兹堡-朗道方程得到。本文利用迭代法获得了桥长为一个相干长度的一维微桥的电流相位解析关系,并通过数值积分获得了临界电流和桥长的关系曲线以及自由能和电流的关系曲线.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.