基于冷暖白光LED的可调色温可调光照明光源

可调色温可调光光源是实现智能照明的基础。充分利用发光二极管(LED)光源的可控性,采用冷暖白光LED和两通道脉冲宽度调制(PWM)法,设计研制成功了可调色温可调光动态照明光源。从人们关心的照明光源参数出发,依据选用冷白LED光源和暖白LED光源光度色度参数,建立了给定光度量输出时冷白LED光源控制占空比计算的模型,探讨了基于色温目标控制参数占空比的约束条件。实验表明,混色光源调节色温时光通量的起伏小于2.5%,相关色温偏差在10K以内,调光时色温基本不变,设计结果良好;同时,在分析过程中实际设计混色光源参数和选择光源的性能指标参数一致,表明这种方法既直观又具有很好的实用性。     

生物节律因子的调光计算

针对光生物效应重要性及复杂性问题,提出一种生物节律因子的调光计算方法。给定三通道LED工作在额定条件下的光谱分布就能够实现任意比例的混合光源的照度、相关色温、节律因子的便捷计算。实验选用三种色温白光LED组成三通道光源,基于脉冲宽度调制（PWM）原理进行三通道分时调光。在某一照明测试空间距离下,先测得单通道独立工作时的光谱分布,并通过调光计算方法得到三通道在任意比例下混合光源的理论照度、相关色温、节律因子;再测得三通道光源在不同混合比例下的实际照度、相关色温与节律因子。然后将理论与实际计算所得的照度、相关色温、节律因子进行比较,并分析误差。实验结果表明,照度、相关色温、节律因子的多条拟合直线与调光计算式所描述直线的斜率差异分别在6%、2%、3%以下,截距差异分别在2%、5%、3%以下。用显著性差异检验来检验实际节律因子与理论计算所得节律因子的正态分布特性,结果显示并无明显差异,表明在给定各LED光源光谱分布的情况下,调光计算方法不用通过测量混合光源光谱分布,便能快速有效地计算出混合光源照度、相关色温、节律因子。     

展陈照明光源光谱对光敏文物的辐照损伤研究

展陈照明中的光辐照会对光敏文物材料造成褪色、老化等辐照损伤,尤其对字画、染色丝绸、彩绘陶器等颜色非常丰富的光敏性文物损伤巨大,不利文物安全。国内外展陈照明标准为减少对文物的辐照损伤,严格控制照明标准水平,如光敏文物的照度仅50lx,不利于观众更加细致的欣赏这类文物。随着半导体固态光源Light emitting diode （LED）技术的发展,其光谱中不含对文物损伤最大的紫外和红外波段,与传统光源相比具有天然优势,能够实现在相同照度条件下对文物产生更小的伤害。并使得在不增加对文物损伤的前提下,提高照明环境亮度从而改善照明环境水平成为可能。然而,即使仅有可见光光谱,可见光光子能量仍会对材料造成不可逆的损伤。而LED光源光谱多样,甚至有较大差异,在LED光源大规模进入文物展陈照明领域时,如何科学指导博物馆文物照明光源的研发与应用,是改善文物展陈照明环境的关键问题。该研究对常见光敏文物材料进行可见光连续辐照下表面颜色属性变化的测量研究,通过制备常用的国画颜料和植物染料样品（国画颜料主要有硃磦、赭石、三青、花青、胭脂、炭黑、曙红、酞青蓝;植物染料主要有茜草、黄檗、栀子、靛蓝、槐米、苏木、紫草）,利用不同波长单色光和不同色温复合光的LED作为光源,对样品进行大剂量连续辐照实验。辐照过程中,定期测量材料表面颜色的色度学参数L*, a*, b*,以CIE 1976 L*a*b*均匀色空间色差计算方法,求算出不同光谱的LED光源辐照后样品的色差变化。再分别从辐射度学和光度学出发,对比分析具有不同光谱的LED光源对国画颜料和植物染料的长期辐照影响。实验结果表明：不论从辐射度学还是光度学角度分析,相同辐照剂量或曝光量照射后,单色光中短波长的蓝光辐照导致样品的色差最大,绿光次之,红光最小;而在复合光中,高色温LED光源由于蓝光占比较大,对样品的辐照影响明显高于低色温LED光源;目前利用光照度对博物馆照明环境进行评价时,由于蓝光对应的人眼视见函数数值较低,与辐射照度评价相比,蓝光辐照对文物的影响会被进一步低估;相同光照条件下,植物染料的老化程度总体高于国画颜料;黄色系的植物染料（黄檗、槐米）和红色系的国画颜料（硃砂、曙红）在光照过程中更易老化。因此,博物馆展陈照明的LED光源应严格控制蓝光成分,采用低色温的光源更有助于对文物的保护。在今后制定文物展陈照明标准时,应对光源的蓝光占比进行限制。此外,对于黄色系、红色系等光敏文物进行照明时,相应的展陈照明标准应更为严格。该研究对于LED光源在博物馆照明更加合理的研发与应用,以及未来博物馆展陈照明标准改进及照明条件改善具有重要指导意义。     

LED照明节律效应随年龄的变化

研究了不同色温LED照明时节律效应随年龄的变化规律。在节律因子计算公式中,引入不同年龄人眼的透射谱,分析LED色温和年龄对节律因子的影响。然后,测量了12名老年和18名青年男性在黑暗状态下以及照度为500 lx、不同色温LED照明时的心率,采用黑暗状态与照明状态的心率变化表征节律效应,来验证所得的理论规律。结果表明:色温为6 500,5 500,4 500,3 500 K的LED照明时,青年人(20岁)的节律因子分别为1.1,0.7,0.5,0.44,不同色温LED照明时心率变化率差异明显;老年人(65岁)的节律因子分别为0.5,0.3,0.25,0.2,不同色温下心率变化较小。在同一色温LED照明时,节律效应随着年龄的增加而减小。LED色温不同时,青年人节律因子的变化较大,老年人则变化较小。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

高显色指数白光LED光源的研究

根据光源混合原理和模拟黑体轨迹的Chebyshev法,推导了三通道脉冲宽度调制(PWM)占空比与色坐标、光通量、相对色温之间的关系式,同时确定调光约束条件。在上述推导公式基础上,设计出一种智能调光控制系统,该系统通过手机客户端分别控制暖白/绿/蓝3种LED光源模组,实现高显色指数R_a下混合白光的调光调色。实验结果表明:设置光源色温为3 600 K时,光通量在600 lm之内,设定值与测试值最大误差为0.74%;当光源光通量设定为300 lm时,色温在[3 200, 7 600]之间连续可调,其最大误差为1.82%,且光通量波动小于4%;混合光源具有较高的显色指数,在调光范围内,一般Ra在90以上,最大可达95.3。     

基于冷暖白光LED的线性调光混合照明

为了提供高品质、更安全和智能的照明光源,基于冷暖白光LED建立了线性调光混合照明系统及其优化调光调色方法。混合照明光源以色温和明度等级分别设定光色度和光强度,更加符合人性化需求。在系统智能优化配光过程中,设定色温转换为CIE u'v'均匀色品坐标,明度转换为亮度,使优化计算更加精确。系统采用的线性调光避免了闪烁潜在的安全风险,同时配合优化算法解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明,系统混合光的色度稳定性可以保持在1阶CIE u'v'圆内,相应色度设定下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。理论研究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简单可行,具有较高的实用价值。     

不同年龄群体的光生物效应评价方式

研究了照明光环境对不同年龄人群的光生物效应定量评价方式。从光照转换角度提出了一种考虑不同年龄人眼透射谱、瞳孔直径以及受光面积的节律因子模型,选取3种不同色温(3 000,4 000,6 000 K)的白光LED光源,在同种照度500 lx下实验测试其光谱分布,并对提出的节律因子进行计算,与之前标准中考虑年龄的修正因子方式进行了线性拟合对比分析。结果表明:在相同色温下,随着年龄的增大,节律因子值逐渐减少;而对于相同年龄,随着色温的增大,节律因子是变大的,此种规律与其他研究人员得出的实验结论一致。从线性拟合相关度上来看,三种色温下两种考虑年龄的节律因子的直线相关度分别为0.958 08,0.958 33,0.957 22,具有较高的相关性。较之于标准中的考虑透光谱方式,本文提出了另外一种考虑不同年龄人眼差异的光生物效应评价方式,尝试对人眼模型的透射谱进行绝对而不是相对效应的考虑方式。     

基于PWM的三基色LED的调光调色方法

提出了一种基于脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的三基色发光二极管(LED)调光调色计算模型,建立了混合光的色品坐标与占空比、相关色温与占空比、最大光通量与色品坐标的函数关系。采用红绿蓝(RGB)三基色LED进行实验验证,实验结果表明:计算模型能较好的指导LED光色调节,混合光色品坐标的理论值和测量值之间的误差小于2.5%,模拟太阳光的色温变化误差仅为50 K。该计算模型可应用于各种三通道LED的调光调色,其高精度的优点能更精确地实现智能照明,极具实用价值。     

碳点-纤维素复合红色发光材料制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

白光LED器件作为新一代绿色固态照明光源,已广泛应用于照明、液晶背光等领域,也与智能照明、物联网技术等高新科技产业密切相关。常用的蓝光芯片复合黄光YAG∶Ce^(3+)(Y 3Al 5O 12∶Ce^(3+))荧光粉的白光器件由于缺少红色光谱的成分,导致器件光谱较窄,显色指数较低,色温偏高。因此,红色荧光粉对改善白光LED的光色品质起到了重要作用。本文首先制备了红色碳点(量子效率28%),通过把红色碳点与纤维素复合,制备了红色荧光粉(量子效率为18%)。该红色荧光粉与黄光YAG∶Ce^(3+)荧光粉混合,封装得到暖白光。结果表明,相较于只有黄光YAG∶Ce^(3+)荧光粉封装的LED,红色荧光粉掺杂之后,在460 nm蓝光芯片的激发下,白光LED的色坐标由(0.30,0.33)变化到(0.33,0.35),色温从7396 K下降到5714 K,显色指数从78.2升高到82.9,实现了由色温高、显示指数低的冷白光向色温低、显色指数高的暖白光的调节。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.