pH值对KDP晶体中散射颗粒的影响

 探讨了不同pH值对KDP晶体散射颗粒的影响。结果表明，不同pH值生长条件下生长的KDP晶体中散射颗粒的尺寸、密度呈现明显差异，pH值为5.5条件下KDP晶体中散射颗粒尺寸明显变大，分布稀疏；pH值为2.0时，散射颗粒密度高，尺寸小。其原因在于形成散射的杂质颗粒的存在形式不同。     

硼酸对KDP晶体光学特性的影响

生长了不同硼酸掺杂浓度的KDP晶体,用超显微镜了晶体内部的散射颗粒,检测了晶体的光损耗和透过率特性。实验结果表明,较高浓度的硼酸对KDP晶体的光学均匀特性有较大影响,并使晶体具有显著的旋光性和波片效应。     

KDP晶体受激拉曼散射特性

详细比较了磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体的自发拉曼散射和受激拉曼散射光谱,在受激拉曼散射(SRS)中观察到了自发拉曼散射中最强的振动模的三阶Stokes光(559.43,589.74,623.50nm),由于其他振动模的受激拉曼散射增益系数较小,其SRS光谱未观察到。另外,比较了传统生长的未退火和退火后的KDP晶体及快速生长的锥区和柱区KDP晶体的受激拉曼散射增益系数,结果表明生长方法和热退火对KDP晶体的受激拉曼散射增益系数无明显影响。     

杂质对KDP晶体光学质量的影响

 研究了几类可能出现在KDP晶体的生长溶液中的有机物杂质和无机阴离子杂质基团对KDP晶体散射、透过率、光损伤阈值等光学质量的影响，结果表明，不同种类的杂质的影响并不相同，造成这一结果的根本原因在于杂质离子的结构及其与晶体表面原子成键能力的不同。     

硫酸盐对KDP晶体质量的影响

 利用“点籽晶”快速生长技术生长了掺杂硫酸钾（K₂SO₄）的磷酸二氢钾（KDP）晶体，并对硫酸根类杂质离子对晶体的结构及光学质量的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在掺杂相对含量为50×10^-6条件下，K₂SO₄开始对KDP晶体产生一定影响，主要表现在不同扇形区域的结构略有改变，其原因主要在于硫酸根与KDP晶体各扇形结构有关；杂质粒子对晶体透过率、单轴性没有明显影响，但是热膨胀系数增大，光损伤阈值略有降低。     

季氨盐对KDP晶体的光学特性影响

 生长了不同季氨盐掺杂浓度的KDP晶体，其锥光干涉实验显示了晶体的内应力引起的双折射和双轴晶特性较明显。透过率特性的实验结果表明，不同浓度的季氨盐对KDP晶体的光学均匀性有较大影响。报道了掺季氨盐0.001%的KDP晶体的异常光学透过率特性以及晶体具有三维变化的波片效应和旋光特性。     

KDP晶体中点缺陷Na取代K的电子结构研究

 对磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体中Na取代K点缺陷的几何结构及电子结构进行了第一性研究。计算的形成能约为0.46 eV，因此在KDP晶体中此类缺陷比较容易形成。Na取代K以后没有在带隙中形成缺陷态，但在价带中引入两个占据态。它们分别位于费米面以下49 eV和21.5 eV处，这两个占据态分别由Na原子的s和p轨道形成。相对于K来说，由于它们位于价带深处，具有很低的能量，因此Na在KDP中比K稳定。Na在KDP晶体中与周围氧原子的重叠布居仅为0.09, 故它不与主体原子发生共价作用，仅以静电库仑力影响周围原子，此缺陷周围晶格仅发生微小畸变。     

KDP晶体拉曼散射角度特性

利用群理论详细分析了磷酸二氢钾(KDP)晶体的拉曼振动模式,得出了其拉曼振动模的归类。并采用拉曼光谱仪测量了Z切退火KDP晶体X(ZZ)珡X,Z(XY)珚Z和Y(XY)X三种散射配置和未退火KDP晶体Z(XY)珚Z配置下的拉曼光谱。根据拉曼选择定则得出X(ZZ)珡X,Z(XY)珚Z和Y(XY)X散射配置下的拉曼峰分别对应A1,B2(LO),B2(TO)对称类振动模,但在Z(XY)珚Z配置下的拉曼光谱中除了B2模,还观察到了A1模,而在Y(XY)X配置下的拉曼光谱中只有B2模,且退火和未退火晶体Z(XY)珚Z配置下的拉曼光谱无明显差别,此结果表明KDP晶体的对称性降低,在背向散射时A1模也具有角度特性,但与晶体的内应力无关,这是由KDP晶体内部结构决定的。     

第一性原理研究Fe及其团簇缺陷对KDP和ADP晶体激光损伤的影响

由于金属杂质离子对晶体损伤性质有不容忽视的影响，受实验条件限制，Fe及其团簇缺陷对晶体的影响机制尚不明确。采用第一性原理的方法，对磷酸二氢钾(KDP)和磷酸二氢铵(ADP)晶体中的Fe及其团簇缺陷进行模拟研究，确定其对晶体结构及光学性质方面的影响。研究发现，Fe进入KDP和ADP晶体中主要以取代P原子形成FeO₄基团最稳定，且其稳定形式以Fe³⁺为主。磁性状态研究发现磁性条件对晶体的结构和能量影响不大，Fe对晶体的损伤主要通过引起200～300 nm范围明显的光学吸收影响损伤阈值。Fe进入晶体中形成团簇缺陷可通过电荷补偿与O空位(VO)复合，几乎不会与OH空位(VOH)复合，团簇缺陷以Fe对晶体结构和性质的影响为主。     

ICF驱动器长脉冲下三倍频晶体中的横向受激拉曼散射

 ICF驱动器在脉宽为3ns的长脉冲条件下运行时，三倍频晶体中的横向受激拉曼散射效应将比短脉冲条件下的效应更为显著。针对长脉冲运行时，KDP晶体和KD*P晶体产生的横向受激拉曼散射光对晶体的危害性作了对比分析，并研究了横向受激拉曼散射效应与增益系数之间的关系，为选择何种晶体作为三倍频晶体提供了理论依据。     

磁导率对二维蜂窝结构光子晶体带隙的影响

利用平面波展开法对二维六角晶格结构磁性光子晶体的带隙特性进行了研究，给出其能带结构分布图，并与非磁性介质构成的光子晶体进行了比较.结果表明，由磁性材料构成的光子晶体更易出现带隙，磁导率对带隙结构影响很大.空气背景磁性散射子情况，磁导率增加较小时，二个绝对光子带隙宽度逐渐减小，直至消失.继续增加磁导率，在较低频率范围内出现一个绝对光子带隙，占空比逐渐加大，且最佳填充系数基本保持不变.磁性背景空气散射子，类似地在较低频率范围内也出现了一个绝对光子带隙.磁性背景非磁性散射子与空气背景磁性散射子情况相似.     

Characterization of inclusions in KD_2PO_4 crystals

The inclusions in conventionally grown KD2PO4(DKDP) crystals are investigated. The inclusions are captured by a light-scattering technique. The sizes are determined by an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope(TEM), and the compositions are analyzed by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS) and an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). Two kinds of inclusions are observed in the DKDP crystals: a submicron-scale inclusion and a micron-scale inclusion. The typical submicron-scale inclusions contain growth solution, and their sizes range from tens to hundreds of nanometers, whereas the micron-scale inclusions contain growth solution and the metal element Na, and the sizes are tens of microns. The possible formation mechanisms of the inclusions are discussed, and the influence of the inclusions on laser-induced damage behaviors are analyzed and discussed.     

偏磷酸钛基体中四价铀离子的荧光

本文用蒸发溶液法制备了Th(PO3)4、U(PO3)4及掺杂了U4+的Th(PO3)4:U4+单晶,确定了β-U(PO3)4属于正交晶系Cmca-D2h18点群,α-U(PO3)4和Th(PO3)4都为三斜晶系P1或P1点群,给出了它们的晶格参数.测量了U(PO3)4吸收谱,和Th(PO3)4基体中U4+的激发和荧光谱.在近紫外光激发下,Th(PO3)4:U4+产生一组荧光,对应于U4+离子的6d-5f电子跃迁.270和298nm的荧光寿命约10ns,对应于电偶极跃迁.在波长为553nm绿光激发下,Th(PO3)4:U4+中四价铀的电子产生上转换效应,释放出358和533nm窄带荧光、它们属于U4+的5f-5f电子跃迁,分别对应于3P2-3H4和1I5-3H4。给出了相应的荧光和上转换效应的跃迁能级图.     

量子受限效应和对称性效应对硅光子晶体禁带的影响

光子晶体不仅可以用来调控自发辐射, 还可以用来控制光的传输和局域. 采用平面波展开法进行模拟计算, 分析硅背景下的二维正方、三角晶格光子晶体散射基元的形状和空间取向对光子禁带的影响. 计算结果表明: 对称性和量子受限效应之间的竞争是导致光子晶体禁带宽度发生变化的原因.     

X-ray computer tomography of natural fibrous diamonds and ballas

The results of investigation of natural fibrous diamonds by laboratory X-ray computer tomography using monochromatic radiation are presented. The existence of numerous heterophase microinclusions in fibrous crystals is established. Spatial distribution of inclusions can be connected both with morphological features of crystals, and with growth conditions. It is established that the ballas practically does not contain inclusions of extraneous phases.     

Efficient laser performance of Nd:GdVO4 crystals grown by the floating zone method

Efficient laser performance is demonstrated with Nd:GdVO4 crystals grown by the floating zone method. With a 2-at. % Nd-doped crystal a slope efficiency of 67% is achieved with pumping at 808 nm. We also find that pumping at 879 nm with a bandwidth of 1.8 nm is practical for laser diode pumping. With this pumping level the slope efficiency reaches 78%. High-quality Nd:GdVO4 crystals are successfully grown with as much as 15-at.% Nd concentration by the floating zone method without inclusions or macroscopic defects. Homogeneity and high reproducibility of crystal growth are confirmed.     

Inclusions in large diamond single crystals at different temperatures of synthesis

The inclusions in large diamond single crystals have effects on its ultimate performance, which restricts its industrial applications to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to study the inclusions systematically. In this paper, large diamond single crystals with different content values of inclusions are synthesized along the(100) surface by the temperature gradient method(TGM) under 5.6 GPa at different temperatures. With the synthetic temperature changing from 1200?C to 1270?C,the shapes of diamonds change from plate to low tower, to high tower, even to steeple. From the microscopic photographs of the diamond samples, it can be observed that with the shapes of the samples changing at different temperatures, the content values of inclusions in diamonds become zero, a little, much and most, correspondingly. Consequently, with the temperature growing from low to high, the content values of inclusions in crystals increase. The origin of inclusions is explained by the difference in growth rate between diamond crystal and its surface. The content values of inclusions in diamond samples are quantitatively calculated by testing the densities of diamond samples. And the composition and inclusion content are analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and x-ray diffraction(XRD). From contrasting scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photographs, it can be found that the more the inclusions in diamond, the more imperfect the diamond surface is.     

Basic principles of technological shaping of optical properties and radiation hardness of PWO crystals

Technological conditions ensuring growth of optically homogeneous lead tungstate (PWO) crystals are reported. It is shown that the basic scintillator characteristics of PWO grown from highly purified raw material and properly doped with lanthanides are mainly determined by inclusions of oxides W_1−yL_yO_3−x (L=Y, La, Gd; 0<x<0.3). Moreover, surface-located inclusions with structure close to tungstenite may also be of importance. It is demonstrated that the scintillation properties can be intentionally designed by varying the oxygen content in the inclusions x and the surface structure. The optimal value for x and the most favorable surface structure are achieved by proper thermal regimes and environment content during the crystal annealing. The results enabled low-cost fabrication of PWO scintillators with steady and reproducible characteristics acceptable for the CERN project ALICE and ensured production of PWO on an industrial scale by “North Crystals” company at a rate of 125–135 crystals per year from every growth apparatus.     

KDP晶体微纳加工表层杂质对其激光损伤阈值影响的有限元分析

 根据KDP晶体杂质附近的温度场及热应力场理论,分析了微纳加工表层杂质影响下晶体温度场及热应力场的分布情况,发现杂质离子对激光的强吸收作用是造成KDP晶体损伤的主要原因之一,也是影响KDP晶体激光损伤阈值的最主要因素。通过分析还发现杂质半径对晶体的激光损伤阈值也有影响,并得到一个有害的杂质半径,使得杂质吸收能量最多,温度最高。另外杂质种类及杂质含量的不同也会对晶体的激光损伤阈值产生影响。     

Effects of Al and Ti/Cu on Synthesis of Type-IIa Diamond Crystals in Ni70Mn25Co5-C System at HPHT

High-quality type-Ⅱa gem diamond crystals are successfully synthesized in a NiToMn25Co5-C system by temperature gradient method （TGM） at about 5.5 GPa and 1560 K. Al and Ti/Cu are used as nitrogen getters respectively. While nitrogen getter Al or Ti/Cu is added into the synthesis system, some inclusions and caves tend to be introduced into the crystals. When Al is added into the solvent alloy, we would hardly gain high-quality type-Ⅱa diamond crystals with nitrogen concentration Nc 〈 1 ppm because of the reversible reaction of Al and N at high pressure and high temperature （HPHT）. Piowever, when Ti/Cu is added into the solvent alloy, high-quality type-Ⅱa diamond crystals with Nc 〈 1 ppm can be grown by decreasing the growth rate of diamonds.