N,N-二甲基硫代乙酰胺S3(ππ*)态的衰变动力学 (cited: 1)

采用共振拉曼光谱和完全活化空间自洽场方法研究了N,N-二甲基硫代乙酰胺在被激发至S₃(ππ^*)态后的衰减动力学. 指认了紫外吸收光谱和振动光谱. 获得了乙腈、甲醇和水溶剂中不同激发波长下的A带共振拉曼光谱,以探测Franck-Condon区域的结构动力学. 开展了CASSCF计算以确定低能单重激发态和锥形交叉点的电子激发能和优化几何结构. 通过共振拉曼强度分析和CASSCF计算获得了结构参数、A带结构动力学和S₃(ππ^*)态衰减机制. 提出了主要衰减通道为_3,FC(ππ^*)→S₃(ππ^*)/S₁(nπ^*)→_1(nπ^*).     

Resonance Raman Study of Aggregated Meso-tetra(4-pyridinium) porphyrin Diacid

研究了近激子吸收带激发下四-(4-吡啶基)卟啉二酸(H₈TPyP⁶⁺)聚集体的共振拉曼光谱．测量了H₈TPyP⁶⁺单体和聚集体的紫外可见吸收谱和共振光散射光谱．在氘代位移的基础上结合相关体系振动光谱研究,对测得的H₈TPyP⁶⁺)单体和聚集体的拉曼谱带进行了指认．聚集体的形成导致H₈TPyP⁶⁺的卟啉环CC/CN面内伸缩振动向低波数方向位移2～6 cm^-1,而卟啉环鞍形面外振动带向高波数方向位移12cm^-1．基于拉曼谱带的强度和频率变化分析了聚集引起的H₈TPyP⁶⁺分子内结构变化和分子间氢键作用     

Hg1-xCdxTe的共振拉曼散射

当入射光的光子能量接近Hg_1-xCd_xTe的E₀+Δ₀时,发现了Hg_1-xCd_xTe的共振拉曼散射,观察到了“禁戒”共振增强拉曼散射,同时也观察到了二级共振拉曼散射.分析了非共振条件下能在样品的(100)面观察到微弱的“禁戒”TO₂模以及在共振条件下“禁戒”TO₂模大大增强的原因.通过分析,发现由双LO声子引起的二级共振拉曼散射主要     

3-二甲氨基-2-甲基丙烯醛S2激发态结构动力学 (cited: 3)

采用共振拉曼光谱和完全活性自洽场理论计算研究了3-二甲氨基-2-甲基丙烯醛(DMAMP)光激发到S₂(ππ^*)态后的光物理性能．在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平计算确定了DMAMP与其三种异构体之间的基态异构化能垒,指认了振动光谱．采用涵盖紫外强吸收带的激光波长,获得了DMAMP在环己烷、乙腈和甲醇溶剂中的A-带共振拉曼光谱,含时密度泛函方法计算确定了该光谱中基频的相对强度,发现振动-电子耦合发生在S₂(ππ^*)态的Franck-Condon区域．CASSCF计算方法确定低单重和三重激发态、势能面锥形交叉点和系间窜跃点的激发能．共振拉曼光谱强度模式分析和CASSCF计算获得了DMAMP的A-带短时结构动力学和其后的衰变动力学表明,C1=O6和C2=C3之间的瞬时去共轭效应发生在S₂(ππ^*)态的Franck-Condon区域,激发态电荷重分布机制表明,C3和二甲氨基之间以及C1和C2之间的共轭增强效应发生在波包离开Franck-Condon区域后．C1=O6和C2=C3之间的去共轭效应使得-C3=N(CH₃)₂沿着C2-C3键旋转更加容易,C1-C2之间以及C3和N(CH₃)的共轭增强效应使得绕C1-C2和C3-N5旋转变得比较困难．这些表明DMAMP初始结构动力学沿着CI-1(S₂/S₀)交叉点展开,而沿CI-2(S₂/S₀)和CI-3(S₂/S₀)交叉点展开的几率可以忽略．提出了DMAMP分子受光激发从S_2,FC(ππ^*)经由各锥形交叉点和各系间窜跃点回到S₀或T_1,min的两个衰变通道.     

硫脲21A激发态扭曲几何结构的共振拉曼光谱和理论研究

获得了硫脲在水和乙腈溶液中A吸收带的共振拉曼光谱,通过B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)和RCIS/6-311++G(3df,3pd)分别对硫脲的电子跃迁和2¹A 激发态鞍点结构进行了研究．对共振拉曼光谱进行了归属,并通过含时波包理论对吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱进行拟合,结果表明硫脲动态结构特征主要沿着：C=S伸缩振动ν₆(|△|=0.95)、H₅N₃H₆+H₈N₄H₇弯曲振动ν₅(|△|=0.19)、NCN对称伸缩振动+C=S伸缩振动+N₃H₆+H₈N₄弯曲振动ν₄(|△|=0.18)．ν₁₅倍频2ν₁₅和4ν₁₅强度主要归因于ν₁₅激发态频率的改变而不是简正模位移量的变化．对S=CN₂面外变形振动ν₁₅倍频出现的机理进行了探究,结果表明Franck-Condon区域势能面鞍点是标准A项共振拉曼散射里的二次声子机制的驱动力,导致碳原子中心的锥形化,并使硫脲在2¹A激发态发生几何结构扭曲.     

苯基叠氮在光吸收激发态上的结构动力学-共振拉曼和量子力学计算研究

采用共振拉曼光谱学和完全活化空间自洽场方法研究了苯基叠氮被激发到S₂(A')、S₃(A')和S₆(A')光吸收态后的结构动力学. 基于傅立叶变换拉曼、傅立叶变换红外、紫外、密度泛函计算和简正模式分析,指认了紫外吸收光谱和振动光谱. 获得了环己烷、乙腈和甲醇溶剂中273.9、252.7、245.9、228.7、223.1和208.8 nm等不同激发波长下的A、B和C带共振拉曼光谱,以探测Franck-Condon区域的结构动力学. CASSCF计算获得了单重电子激发态能量最低点和势能面交叉点的电子激发能和优化几何结构. 结果表明,苯基叠氮在S₂(A')、S₃(A')和S₆(A')态上的激发态结构动力学各不相同. 与Kasha规则相符,S₂S₁(1)和S₂S₁(2)势能面交叉点在S₂(A')激发态衰变动力学和N7=N8键解离中扮演着重要角色. 提出了两条主要衰减通道：S_2,min→S₀辐射通道和S_2,FC(ππ^*)→S₂(ππ^*)/S₁(nπ^*)→S₁(nπ^*)非辐射通道.     

金属光栅表面增强拉曼散射的偏振依赖性研究

表面增强拉曼散射的机理主要来源于金属表面等离子体共振所产生的电磁场增强,因而基底的电磁特性决定了其增强的性能。本文以干涉光刻方法制作的大面积均匀性一维纳米光栅为增强基底,从实验和理论上探究其表面增强拉曼散射的偏振依赖特性。本文使用苯硫酚作为探针分子,并采用633nm和785nm两种波长作为激发光源,开展了等离子体共振与非共振状态下金属光栅表面增强拉曼光谱的偏振依赖特性实验研究,并通过时域有限差分法对光栅电磁特性进行分析。研究发现,光栅表面的电场无论是否激发表面等离子体共振,其电场随入射光偏振方向都会呈现出sin函数的规律性变化,拉曼光谱的峰值强度则呈sin2函数的变化规律;此外,表面等离子体共振会进一步加大拉曼光谱的偏振依赖性。     

LiIO3晶体的受激拉曼散射

 采用腔外单次通过方式,测量了LiIO₃晶体在532 nm皮秒脉冲下的受激拉曼散射。实验中观察到3级斯托克斯线（556.07,582.30, 611.76 nm）和1级反斯托克斯线（509.57 nm）,由此可计算出其频率间隔为820 cm^-1。测量了LiIO₃晶体各级拉曼散射谱线的阈值和增益系数,受激拉曼散射的整体转换效率达到56%。基于LiIO₃晶体实现了皮秒外腔式拉曼激光器的运转,双波长输出总转换效率为27%,最大输出能量1.4 mJ。     

NO2分子的光学-光学双色双共振多光子离化谱

以Nd:YAG激光器的二倍频输出光为抽运光，其三倍频输出抽运的光学参量发生/放大器输出光为探测光，利用光学-光学双色双共振多光子离化光谱技术(OODR-MPI),获得了NO₂分子在605—675nm探测光波长范围内的多光子离化激发谱. 通过对NO₂分子离化机理的分析，确定了在此波长区间，NO₂分子经1+3+1双共振多光子过程离化，离化通道为NO₂(X²A₁)hν     

天线共振子理论对吡啶分子在铁钴镍衬底上SERS增强因子的计算

天线共振子模型是在研究表面增强拉曼散射增强机理过程中提出的理论.作为一项非常具有代表意义的工作,文章利用天线共振子模型计算了吡啶分子1010 cm-1特征振动模在过渡金属Fe,Co,Ni衬底上的表面增强拉曼散射增强因子:给出了共振时三种金属增强因子与激发光能量的依赖关系;研究了它们的表面粗糙度对增强因子的影响,计算了能量为0.89 eV的入射光在不同表面粗糙度的三种金属衬底上的增强因子.计算结果表明,它们在可见光范围增强因子不大,这与已报道的实验结果一致;但在红外波长却有大的增强因子,可以达到104～107,有待实验检验.     

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 4‐tert‐butylpyridine on a silver electrode

We report the observation of large surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (10⁶) for 4‐tert‐butylpyridine molecules adsorbed on a silver electrode surface in an electrochemical cell with electrode potential set at − 0.5 V. A decrease in electrode potential to − 0.3 V was accompanied by a decrease in relative intensities of the vibrational modes. However, there were no changes in vibrational wavenumbers. Comparison of both normal solution Raman and SERS spectra shows very large enhancement of the intensities of a₁, a₂, and b₂ modes at laser excitation of 488 nm. Enhancement of the non‐totally symmetric modes indicates the presence of charge transfer as a contributor to the enhancement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of two Ag‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine surface species on Ag nanoparticle surfaces by excitation wavelength dependence of SERS spectra and factor analysis: evidence for chemical mechanism contribution to SERS of Ag(0)–tpy

Measurement and interpretation of the excitation wavelength dependence of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of molecules chemisorbed on plasmonic, e.g. Ag nanoparticle (NP) surfaces, are of principal importance for revealing the charge transfer (CT) mechanism contribution to the overall SERS enhancement. SERS spectra, their excitation wavelength dependence in the 445–780‐nm range and factor analysis (FA) were used for the identification of two Ag‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (tpy) surface species, denoted Ag⁺–tpy and Ag(0)–tpy, on Ag NPs in systems with unmodified and/or purposefully modified Ag NPs originating from hydroxylamine hydrochloride‐reduced hydrosols. Ag⁺–tpy is a spectral analogue of [Ag(tpy)]⁺ complex cation, and its SERS shows virtually no excitation wavelength dependence. By contrast, SERS of Ag(0)–tpy surface complex generated upon chloride‐induced compact aggregate formation and/or in strongly reducing ambient shows a pronounced excitation wavelength dependence attributed to a CT resonance (the chemical mechanism) contribution to the overall SERS enhancement. Both the resonance (λ_exc = 532 nm) and off‐resonance (λ_exc = 780 nm) pure‐component spectra of Ag(0)–tpy obtained by FA are largely similar to surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (λ_exc = 532 nm in resonance with singlet metal to ligand CT (¹ MLCT) transition) and SERS (λ_exc = 780 nm) spectra of [Fe(tpy)₂]²⁺ complex dication. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胸腺嘧啶单体及环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体的表面增强拉曼散射

采用DFT-B3LYP方法,6-311G(d,p)(C,H,O原子)和lanl2dz（Ag原子）基组计算了胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和DNA光损伤产物—环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体（Th2）吸附在Ag纳米粒子上形成复合物的结构和表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）。结果显示, Ag纳米粒子在胸腺嘧啶单体（Th）和环丁烷型胸腺嘧啶二聚体中最有利的吸附位点是O7位,相比于单个分子,复合物Th-Ag,Th2-Ag的结构和光谱发生了变化。对胸腺嘧啶单体分子,其SERS的增强因子为10,主要由N-H伸缩振动引起;复合物Th2-Ag中, SERS增强了大约18倍,主要由C2=O的伸缩振动引起,此增强机理属于极化率变化产生的静化学增强。     

Theoretical elucidation of the origin of surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of PCB52 adsorbed on silver substrates

To better understand experimentally observed surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) adsorbed on nanoscaled silver substrates, a systematic theoretical study was performed by carrying out density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. 2,2′,5,5′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) was chosen as a model molecule of PCBs, and Ag_n (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) clusters were used to mimic active sites of substrates. Calculated normal Raman spectra of PCB52–Ag_n (n = 2, 4, 6, and 10) complexes are analogical in profile to that of isolated PCB52 with only slightly enhanced intensity. In contrast, the corresponding SERS spectra calculated at adopted incident light are strongly enhanced, and the calculated enhancement factors are 10⁴ ~ 10⁵. Thus, the experimentally observed SERS phenomenon of PCBs supported on Ag substrates should correspond to the SERS spectra rather than the normal Raman spectra. The dominant enhancement in Raman intensities origins from the charge transfer resonance enhancement between the molecule and clusters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single‐molecule surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of fullerene C60

We achieved single‐molecule surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SM‐SERS) spectra from ultralow concentrations (10⁻¹⁵ M) of fullerene C₆₀ on uniformly assembled Au nanoparticles. It was found that resonant excitation at 785 nm is a powerful tool to probe SM‐SERS in this system. The appearance of additional bands and splitting of some vibrational modes were observed because of the symmetry reduction of the adsorbed molecule and a relaxation in the surface selection rules. Time‐evolved spectral fluctuation and ‘hot spot’ dependence in the SM‐SERS spectra were demonstrated to result from the single‐molecule Raman behavior of the spherical C₆₀ on Au nanoparticles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman scattering of L‐tryptophan enhanced by surface plasmon of silver nanoparticles: vibrational assignment and structural determination

Vibrational bands of L ‐tryptophan which was adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles (∼10 nm in diameter) have been investigated in the spectral range of 200–1700 cm⁻¹ using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Compared with the normal Raman scattering (NRS) of L ‐tryptophan in either 0.5 M aqueous solution (NRS‐AS) or solid powder (NRS‐SP), the intensified signals by SERS have made the SERS investigation at a lower molecular concentration (5 × 10⁻⁴ M ) possible. Ab initio calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311G level have been carried out to predict the optimal structure and vibrational wavenumbers for the zwitterionic form of L ‐tryptophan. Facilitated with the theoretical prediction, the observed vibrational modes of L ‐tryptophan in the NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, and SERS spectra have been analyzed. In the spectroscopic observations, there are no significant changes for the vibrational bands of the indole ring in either NRS‐AS, NRS‐SP, or SERS. In contrast, spectral intensities involving the vibrations of carboxylate and amino groups are weak in NRS‐AS and NRS‐SP, but strong in SERS. The intensity enhancement in the SERS spectrum can reach 10³–10⁴‐fold magnification. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the carboxylate and amino groups of L ‐tryptophan are determined to be the preferential terminal groups to attach onto the surfaces of Ag nanoparticles in the SERS measurement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface enhanced Raman scattering of 2-cyanopyridine adsorbed on silver colloidal particles

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 2-cyanopyridine (2 CP) adsorbed on silver colloidal particles have been investigated. The prominent SERS bands are observed at 556, 612, 778, 1002, 1060, 1072, 1150 and 1240 cm⁻¹. The absolute enhancement factor of the Raman signals in SERS studies has been estimated to be of the order of 10²–10⁵ for various bands. The 2CP molecules have been ascribed to adsorb on colloidal particles in standing up fashion.     

Visible light response of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate and silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate probed by Raman scattering spectroscopy

Silver thiolate is a layered compound with a Raman spectrum that is known to change with time, becoming the same as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum of the parent thiol molecule adsorbed on Ag nanoparticles. On this basis, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐aminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4ABT) compounds were investigated to determine whether certain peaks that are identifiable in the SERS spectrum of 4‐aminobenzenethiol (4‐ABT) but absent in its normal Raman spectrum were also apparent in the Ag salt spectrum. For comparative purposes, the Raman scattering characteristics of silver 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiolate (Ag‐4MABT) were also examined. Raman spectra acquired while spinning the sample were typified by only a₁‐type vibrational bands of Ag‐4ABT and Ag‐4MABT, whereas in the static condition, several non‐a₁‐type bands were identified. The spectral patterns acquired in the static condition were similar to the intrinsic SERS spectra of 4‐ABT or 4‐dimethylaminobenzenethiol (4‐MABT) adsorbed on pure Ag nanoparticles. Notably, the CH₃ group vibrational bands were observable for Ag‐4MABT irrespective of the sample rotation. In addition, no decrease in intensity during irradiation with a visible laser was observed for any of the bands, suggesting that no chemical conversion actually took place in either 4‐ABT or 4‐MABT. The preponderance of evidence led to the conclusion that the non‐a₁‐type bands observable in the SERS spectra must be associated with the chemical enhancement mechanism acting on the Ag nanoparticles. The chemical enhancement effect was more profound at 514.5 nm than at 632.8 nm, and was more favorable for 4‐ABT than 4‐MABT at both wavelengths. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DFT study and quantitative detection by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of ethyl carbamate

Ethyl carbamate (EC), a potentially toxic compound, is found in alcoholic beverages and fermented foodstuff. A combined experimental and theoretical study of Raman on EC is reported in this work for the first time. The Raman bands observed for EC in solid phase are characteristic for the carbonyl group, C―C, C―H and N―H stretching and deformation vibrations. These spectral features coupled with a pKa study allowed establishing the neutral species of EC present in the aqueous solutions experimentally tested at different concentrations. In addition, by performing a density functional theory study in the gas phase, the calculated geometry, the harmonic vibrational modes, and the Raman scattering activities of EC were found to be in good agreement with our experimental data and helped establish the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behavior and EC adsorption geometry on the silver surfaces. The Raman peak at 1006 cm⁻¹, assigned to the υ_s(CC) + ω(CH) modes, the strongest and best reproducible peak in the SERS spectra, was used for a quantitative evaluation of EC. The limit of detection, which corresponds to a signal‐to‐noise ratio equal to 3, was found to be 2 × 10⁻⁷ M (17.8 µg l⁻¹). SERS spectra obtained by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride‐reduced silver nanoparticles provide a fast and reproducible qualitative and quantitative determination of EC in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman,infrared, SERS and theoretical study of 3‐(1‐phenylpropan‐2‐ylamino) propanenitrile,fenproporex

Infrared, Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 3‐(1‐phenylpropan‐2‐ylamino)propanenitrile (fenproporex) have been recorded. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional was used for optimizations of ground state geometries and simulation of Raman and SERS vibrational spectra of this molecule. Bands of the vibrational spectra were assigned in detail. The comparison of SERS spectra obtained by using colloidal silver and gold nanoparticles with the corresponding Raman spectrum reveals enhancement and shifts in bands, suggesting a possible partial charge‐transfer mechanism in the SERS effect. Information about the orientation of fenproporex on the nanometer‐sized metal structures is also obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.