Matlab软件和逐差法在拉伸法测量杨氏模量中的应用

拉伸法可以测量金属丝的杨氏模量,本文使用逐差法处理实验数据以减小实验中的随机误差和仪器误差。实验中测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错。因此,本文使用Matlab软件和逐差法处理数据。把测量的实验数据和仪器不确定度输入Excel表格中,然后把excel文件引入到Matlab软件中,运行逐差法计算的程序后可以直接得到金属丝的杨氏模量,以及测量的百分差和相对不确定度,处理过程快捷精确。     

Matlab软件在热线法测定气体热导率实验中的应用

热线法可以测定气体热导率,以干燥空气为例进行了测量。实验中测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错,因此使用Matlab软件处理数据。把测量的实验数据输入Excel表格中,然后把Excel文件引入到Matlab软件中,运行相关程序后可以直接得到气体的热导率和测量的百分差,处理过程快捷精确。Matlab软件处理数据时,对部分实验数据进行了最小二乘法处理,可以由线性外推法求出ΔQ/Δt。     

Matlab软件在三线摆法测定圆环转动惯量中的应用

使用三线摆可以测量圆环的转动惯量,但测量的物理量较多,人工处理数据比较繁琐,且容易出错。因此,本文使用Matlab软件处理数据。把测量的实验数据输入Excel表格中,引入Matlab软件中运行相关程序后可以直接得到圆环的转动惯量,以及测量的百分差和相对不确定度,处理过程快捷精确。     

逐差法和Excel在牛顿环实验数据处理中的比较

逐差法是牛顿环实验中测量透镜曲率半径的常用数据处理方法。运用Excel软件对牛顿环实验数据计算、绘图和线性拟合,可以提高数据处理的效率,降低实验误差。     

基于Matlab GUI的拉伸法测杨氏弹性模量实验的数据处理

借助Matlab软件分别采用逐差法和最小二乘法对拉伸法测量杨氏弹性模量实验进行数据处理，利用Matlab GUI设计数据处理交互式界面，通过在GUI界面输入测量数据和实验参数，绘制出了拟合直线图，实现了杨氏模量值及其不确定度的程序计算，分析了两种方法求得的实验结果。数据处理过程操作简单，提高了学生运用软件的能力和实验效率。     

驻波法测声速时两种数据处理方法的对比研究

驻波法是常用的声速测量方法. 驻波法测声速时常用逐差法进行数据处理, 也有采用最小二乘法的, 为 了比较两种方法的优劣, 本文对驻波法测声速分别采用逐差法和最小二乘法处理数据, 并对测量结果的不确定度进 行了分析. 通过数据处理结果发现, 逐差法和最小二乘法在驻波法测声速的数据处理上是等效的, 都能得到良好的 效果     

全自动声速测量及实验数据处理研究

针对大学物理实验中传统声速测量装置存在的缺陷,利用单片机、上位机、步进电机、步进电机驱动器、采集卡、有效值检测模块和相位差测量模块等搭建了全自动声速测量系统,利用驻波法和相位比较法对声速进行测量。实验结果表明:新型声速测量仪克服了传统测量装置的缺陷,获得的数据量更大,包含的信息也更丰富。由于次峰的影响,常用的逐差法、最小二乘法和Origin软件线性拟合法处理数据误差较大,不能满足实验需要,有必要寻找声速测量数据处理的新方法。为排除次峰的影响,考虑到声速测量数据中极值点的出现具有空间周期性,利用傅里叶变换处理数据得到待测信号的空间频谱图,确定了声波的波长并计算出声速。数据处理结果表明:由于傅里叶变换排除了次峰干扰,使驻波法和相位比较法测量声速的相对误差分别从1.6%和1.0%减小为0.71%和0.41%,比传统方法更适合于处理声速测量数据;此外,从另一个角度证明次频共振现象是形成次峰的重要原因。     

Matlab编程法在测量氦氖激光波长实验数据处理中的应用探索

使用新型的WSM-T-Ⅱ型台式迈克尔逊干涉仪可以测量氦氖激光波长,传统的数据处理方法是逐差法,计算量大,既繁琐又容易出错。用Matlab软件的编程法处理实验测得的数据,程序运行后可以直接得到氦氖激光波长及相应的误差分析,无需进行运算,准确而快捷,是大学物理实验教学中实验数据处理的一种新方法。     

不同介质中超声波传播速度测量方法之比较

基于共振干涉法、相位法和反射回波法测量了空气和水中超声波的传播速度,比较了三种方法的优缺点,共振干涉法和相位法可测量气体和液体中的声速,反射回波法可测量液体和固体中的声速;相位法误差最小,共振干涉法误差相对较大。共振干涉法研究了示波器接收的交变电压随传播距离的变化规律,计算得空气和水中超声波的损耗系数分别为0.01381、0.01829,超声波在水中的损耗较大。使用Origin软件直线拟合,对实验结果进行分析和评价。     

应用时差法测量声速

共振干涉法和相位比较法是大学物理实验中常用的测量声速的方法,但工程应用很广泛的时差法测量声速却很少在大学物理实验内容中涉及。在文中实验用时差法测量声速的实验结果和理论值相符较好,并对实验结果进行讨论和分析。     

Consideration of Fractional Fringe Method on the Basis of the Least Squares Method

The traditional fractional fringe method has been applied to measure 1-dimensional size of a block gauge using multiple wavelengths. Recently, similar methods have been used in pattern interferometry and also in pattern projection profilometry. However, the technique does not seem to be based on a well-established principle. In this paper, the fractional fringe method is formulated on the basis of the least squares method and on its basis effects of errors in fractional fringes and wavelengths are analyzed and the effective selection of wavelengths is considered.     

Applicability of the Friedberg-Lee-Zhao Method

Friedberg, Lee and Zhao (FLZ) proposed a method for effectively evaluating the eigenenergies and eigen wavefunctions of quantum systems. In this work, we study several special cases to investigate applicability of the method.Concretely, we calculate the ground-state eigenenergy of the Hellmann potential as well as the Cornell potential, and also evaluate the energies of the systems where linear term is added to the Coulomb as a perturbation. The results obtained in this method have a surprising agreement with the traditional method or the numerical results. Since the results in this method have obvious analyticity compared to that in other methods, and because of the simplicity for calculations this method can be applied to solving the Schrodinger equation and provides us a better understanding of the physical essence of the concerned systems. But meanwhile applications of the FLZ method are restricted at present, especially for certain potential forms, but due to its obvious advantages, it should be further developed.     

Applicability of the Friedberg-Lee-Zhao Method

Friedberg, Lee and Zhao (FLZ) proposed a method for effectively evaluating the eigenenergies and eigen wavefunctions of quantum systems. In this work, we study several special cases to investigate applicability of the method. Concretely, we calculate the ground-state eigenenergy of the Hellmann potential as well as the Cornell potential, and also evaluate the energies of the systems where linear term is added to the Coulomb as a perturbation. The results obtained in this method have a surprising agreement with the traditional method or the numerical results. Since the results in this method have obvious analyticity compared to that in other methods, and because of the simplicity for calculations this method can be applied to solving the Schrödinger equation and provides us a better understanding of the physical essence of the concerned systems. But meanwhile applications of the FLZ method are restricted at present, especially for certain potential forms, but due to its obvious advantages, it should be further developed.     

光纤化学传感同步吸收-荧光法的建立

建立一种光纤化学传感同步测定吸收光谱和荧光光谱的新方法。自制同步吸收-荧光比色皿,结合光纤化学传感技术,建立同步吸收-荧光光谱法检测仪器,分别测定罗丹明B,维生素B₂,维生素B₆等溶液的同步吸收-荧光光谱,且与传统的紫外-可见吸光光度法和荧光法进行对比。同步吸收-荧光光谱法测得罗丹明B,维生素B₂,维生素B₆与传统吸光光度法和荧光光谱法检测的吸收光谱图和荧光光谱的图谱大体一致。最大荧光强度波长与传统的荧光方法比较准确度高,但最大吸收波长略有偏差。同步吸收-荧光光谱法等同于同步测定荧光物质的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,实现二光谱合二为一,测定最大发射波长时准确度高,但最大吸收波长略有偏差,值得深一步研究。     

双棱镜干涉实验中调节方法的改进

分析了双棱镜干涉实验中传统调节方法存在的缺陷,改进了调节方法,使调节方法、步骤清晰,消除了传统调节方法中存在的某些盲目性,使学生能很快调节出干涉条纹,提高了实验效率。     

Simple Equations Method (SEsM): Algorithm,Connection with Hirota Method,Inverse Scattering Transform Method,and Several Other Methods

The goal of this article is to discuss the Simple Equations Method (SEsM) for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations and to show that several well-known methods for obtaining exact solutions of such equations are connected to SEsM. In more detail, we show that the Hirota method is connected to a particular case of SEsM for a specific form of the function from Step 2 of SEsM and for simple equations of the kinds of differential equations for exponential functions. We illustrate this particular case of SEsM by obtaining the three- soliton solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, two-soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, and the soliton solution of the Ishimori equation for the spin dynamics of ferromagnetic materials. Then we show that a particular case of SEsM can be used in order to reproduce the methodology of the inverse scattering transform method for the case of the Burgers equation and Korteweg-de Vries equation. This particular case is connected to use of a specific case of Step 2 of SEsM. This step is connected to: (i) representation of the solution of the solved nonlinear partial differential equation as expansion as power series containing powers of a “small” parameter ϵ; (ii) solving the differential equations arising from this representation by means of Fourier series, and (iii) transition from the obtained solution for small values of ϵ to solution for arbitrary finite values of ϵ. Finally, we show that the much-used homogeneous balance method, extended homogeneous balance method, auxiliary equation method, Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, F-expansion method, modified simple equation method, trial function method and first integral method are connected to particular cases of SEsM.     

反射法和自准法测三棱镜顶角的比较

通过对反射法和自准法测量三棱镜顶角的比较,从测量的准确程度以及实验过程中操作容易程度来看,自准法更适合测量三棱镜顶角。     

Identification of Elastic Orthotropic Material Parameters by the Singular Boundary Method

This article addresses the resolution of the inverse problem for the parameter identification in orthotropic materials with a number of measurements merely on the boundaries. The inverse problem is formulated as an optimization problem of a residual functional which evaluates the differences between the experimental and predicted displacements. The singular boundary method, an integration-free, mathematically simple and boundary-only meshless method, is employed to numerically determine the predicted displacements. The residual functional is minimized by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. Three numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the robustness, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed scheme. In addition, different levels of noise are added into the boundary conditions to verify the stability of the present methodology.     

“拐点法”测普朗克常量误差大的应对方法

由光电效应试验中得到的伏安特性曲线,用粗略简易的"拐点法"可以很快计算出普朗克常量,但计算出的数值误差比较大,针对误差较大,通过多次的取值分析计算,最后得出可以尽可能减小误差的"拐点"的确定。     

减小测量误差的测量方法研究

从弥补仪器的缺陷和不确定度评定出发,得出减小测量误差的常用测量方法有：替代法、对称观测法、补偿法、差值法、交换法和累计放大法。