三层平板结构声能流计算及传输规律

为了理解多层有源隔声结构的物理机理,同时优化被动隔声结构,需深入分析三层结构中声能量的传输规律。首先对三层板腔结构建模并求解系统的振动响应,然后用数值方法求解平板向封闭空间辐射声的声传输阻抗,并计算各层结构的辐射声功率。最后,通过分析各子系统所占的能量及各层结构四类模态组辐射声功率的变化获得声能量的传输规律。结果表明,按模态类型的不同,能量传输可等效认为存在四个传输通道,各通道的能量传输具有相似的带通特性,其成因在于不同的平板与空腔模态对的耦合强弱不同。      

双层加筋结构有源隔声物理机制研究

深入分析双层加筋结构有源隔声的物理机制有助于控制系统的优化设计。用模态叠加法和声振耦合理论对双层加筋有源隔声结构建模。在辐射加筋板声功率最小的控制条件下,从模态耦合的角度对有源隔声的物理本质进行了详细阐述。分析结果表明,由于双层加筋板中筋的耦合作用影响,系统的声能量传输规律及有源隔声机理与现有的模态分析结论相比均发生改变。结合筋的耦合影响,对空腔声场的模态抑制与重构机理进行修正和补充,清晰解释了双层加筋结构有源隔声的物理本质。     

双层加筋结构有源隔声物理机制研究

深入分析双层加筋结构有源隔声的物理机制有助于控制系统的优化设计。用模态叠加法和声振耦合理论对双层加筋有源隔声结构建模。在辐射加筋板声功率最小的控制条件下,从模态耦合的角度对有源隔声的物理本质进行了详细阐述。分析结果表明,由于双层加筋板中筋的耦合作用影响,系统的声能量传输规律及有源隔声机理与现有的模态分析结论相比均发生改变。结合筋的耦合影响,对空腔声场的模态抑制与重构机理进行修正和补充,清晰解释了双层加筋结构有源隔声的物理本质。      

用于三层有源隔声结构误差传感的压电传感薄膜阵列及其优化设计

基于平面声源的三层有源隔声结构系统易于实现且具有良好的低频隔声性能,实现该系统需解决的关键问题是误差信号的检测.本文将压电传感薄膜聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF)阵列检测简支梁辐射模态的理论拓展到二维结构, 并应用到三层隔声结构实现误差传感的优化设计.根据三层结构中特殊的能量传输规律, 对误差传感方案中目标函数的选取、PVDF数目确定以及传感系统优化等问题进行深入分析.研究表明, 由于辐射板能量主要集中在有限个振动模态上, 只需将少数经固定系数加权的PVDF薄膜输出电流求和即可获得前三阶辐射模态幅值.辐射模态幅值的检测值与理论值符合良好, 保证传感精度的同时有效简化了系统. 关键词： 三层有源隔声结构 误差传感策略 压电传感薄膜阵列 辐射模态     

双层弹性支撑板的水下宽带隔声

为实现水下宽带隔声,提出了一种由弹性元件支撑两块刚性端板构成的双层弹性支撑板结构。采用弹簧振子振动分析法和声传播理论,建立了平面波入射的水下隔声理论模型,分析了结构参数对隔声量的影响规律,结果表明足够小的弹性元件单位面积弹性系数或足够大的端板单位面积质量都可以连续一致地提高隔声量.仿真分析了双层弹性支撑板的振动位移和声输入阻抗,比较了双层弹性支撑板与连续介质层的隔声特性,结果表明,降低弹性元件质量,有助于在低频段消除半波全透射现象.在同厚度、同质量、同静态压缩率条件下,双层弹性支撑板能更好的降低两侧流体的振动及声耦合,隔声频带更宽,带内一致性更好,隔声量更大.      

双层加筋板低频声的隔离与有源控制

为探讨加筋对双层结构低频隔声及有源控制的影响,分析了筋条数目及布放位置对双层加筋结构低频隔声性能、有源控制策略选取及有源隔声性能的影响。首先利用模态叠加与声-振耦合理论对双层加筋结构建模,然后采用数值算例对上述问题展开探讨。研究发现,筋条数目增多或筋条靠近基板的中间位置布放,将有利于双层加筋结构低频隔声性能的提高。对于有源控制措施,声控制策略与力控制策略相比,前者的控制效率较高且降噪效果较好。由于筋复杂的耦合影响,添加多条筋或筋条靠基板中间布置时有源控制效果减弱,需施加多个点源才能获得较好的降噪效果。      

水下隔声结构设计及评价方法

为使用混响法快捷地测量水下结构物的辐射噪声,需基于港口或海岸建造海上混响水池。针对内外都是水情况下的海上混响水池壁面隔声问题,设计了一种带梁空气夹层板水下隔声结构,通过仿真比较了不同参数的空气夹层板的隔声性能。为评价声波无规入射情况下水下大尺寸隔声结构隔声性能,提出了一种混响评价方法,通过隔声实验比较了混响法与脉冲法的不同。结果表明：带梁空气夹层板的水下隔声性能优异,声波无规入射情况下,面板厚度0.015 m、空气层厚度0.020 m的带梁空气夹层板在2～10 kHz频段插入损失大于20 dB;混响法可以有效评价大尺寸水下隔声结构的平均隔声性能,其反映的声波无规入射的平均隔声性能更接近于实际应用情况。     

双层板腔结构声传输及其有源控制研究

利用子系统模态综合方法,结合阻抗-导纳矩阵法,建立了双层板腔结构向自由空间声传输及其在入射板PZT控制、辐射板PZT控制,和腔中次级声源作动等多种控制策略下,系统物理模型的统一的分析模型,导出了系统模态响应及最优次级源强度的统一的阻抗-导纳矩阵表达式。该模型表达式各部分物理意义清晰、明确,便于进行系统耦合理论、有源控制及其机理的分析和数值研究。然后,在此基础上对双层板腔结构声传输有源控制进行了全面深入的数值计算和分析研究,重点探讨了控制方法策略及系统参数对有源控制效果的影响及其对应的控制机理。结果表明:入射板PZT作动辐射声功率最小控制策略是通过入射板、声腔和辐射板三个子系统的模态抑制或重组达到消声的目的,涉及多种复杂控制机理,对入射板、辐射板和声腔模态均有效,但对入射板模态更有效;在低频段声腔(0,0,0)模态在系统耦合响应中起主导作用,因此利用腔中次级声源作动能获得较理想的控制效果,是一种较好的控制策略;由于声腔模态与结构模态间复杂的耦合关系,使得某些频率处腔中声势能一定程度上的降低并不一定导致系统声传输损失的增加,因此,腔中声势能最小控制策略不一定能够获得理想的声传输控制效果。      

复合材料机身结构声学特性及影响参数分析

针对复合材料(以下简称"复材")结构进行声振分析,通过无限大障板理论和波动方程,分析复材平板和曲板结构的传声损失,并利用统计能量法分析壁板的隔声性能,与文献中的实验结果进行对比,验证建模的有效性。然后将复合材料机身结构等效成一个复材圆柱壳体结构,分析不同参数,包括压差、曲率半径、长度、铺层角度、纤维材料、加筋等对结构隔声性能的影响。最后与金属机身结构进行隔声性能对比,发现:在环频率与吻合效应频率之间,金属机身结构的传声损失明显大于复材机身结构,而在吻合效应频率以上频段,由于复材结构的吻合效应频率向低频移动,其传声损失好于金属机身结构。     

局域共振单元与薄膜复合声子晶体板结构的低频降噪

提出了一种局域共振单元复合声子晶体板结构,并结合有限元对晶体板结构的带隙特性、隔声性能进行了分析.结果表明,共振带隙的产生是由共振单元与板中传播的弹性波相互耦合造成的,耦合强度直接影响共振频率和带隙宽度,隔声效果与薄膜的厚度直接相关.通过改变薄膜的厚度可以将隔声效果调节到满足机舱飞行员正常驾驶的要求.该结构在200dB以下具有良好的隔振效果,最大隔声量达到150dB.该研究为获得良好的隔声效果提供了理论支持,在航空发动机减振降噪方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

Mechanisms of active control of noise transmission through triple-panel system using single control force on the middle plate

This paper presents an active triple-panel sound insulation structure with an idealized controllable point force acting on the middle plate. A novel analytical approach based on sound energy transmission rule is proposed to achieve the physical mechanism study. The transfer impedance matrix of the incident and middle plate is calculated using numerical approach. And the rule of sound energy transmission through the triple-panel structure is concluded by indirectly analyzing the radiated sound power of the three plates. Finally the physical mechanism of noise insulation is investigated from the point of view of the change in behaviors of energy transmission in controlled and uncontrolled conditions. Results obtained demonstrate that there exist four different energy transmission paths for four panel mode groups. The energy transmission is independent in each path and they are all of band-pass characteristic. The role of the middle plate and two cavities is very similar to the band-pass filter whose pass-band is different for different mode groups. The essence of active noise insulation lies in the fact that the energy transmission in each path is suppressed in its pass-band after control. This greatly improves sound insulation capability of the triple-panel structure and leads to sound propagation being blocked.     

Prediction of sound flanking transmission through two adjacent rooms within a residence building

Flanking transmission has significant effects on the overall sound insulation of two adjacent rooms within a residence building. This study investigates the mechanism of the sound flanking transmission by dividing it into several subsystems with the statistical energy analysis method. The sound energy equations of these subsystems are obtained first, and then,the sound transmissions on each flanking path are predicted and the dominant sound transmission path is determined by solving these equations and calculating the total loss factors of the subsystems and coupling loss factors between subsystems. With respect to a masonry building with heavy-weight homogeneous structure, the results show that:(1) the flanking transmission paths instead of the separating wall may become the dominant ones at low frequencies;(2) all sound transmissions on the flanking paths tend to be consistent at medium and high frequencies, so the sound insulation between two adjacent rooms depends on the direct path of the separating wall;(3) heavy-weight separating walls can be used to reduce the frequency range of the flanking transmission.     

Energy transmission in a mechanically-linked double-wall structure coupled to an acoustic enclosure

The energy transmission in a mechanically linked double-wall structure into an acoustic enclosure is studied in this paper. Based on a fully coupled vibro-acoustic formulation, focus is put on investigating the effect of the air gap and mechanical links between the two panels on the energy transmission and noise insulation properties of such structures. An approximate formula reflecting the gap effect on the lower-order coupled frequencies of the system is proposed. A criterion, based on the ratio between the aerostatic stiffness of the gap cavity and the stiffness of the link, is proposed to predict the dominant transmitting path, with a view to provide guidelines for the design of appropriate control strategies. Numerical results reveal the existence of three distinct zones, within which energy transmission takes place following different mechanisms and transmitting paths. Corresponding effects on noise insulation properties of the double-wall structure are also investigated.     

An indirect hybrid sound transmission loss controller

The control of sound transmission through panels is an important noise control problem in the aerospace, aeronautical, and automotive industries. The trend towards using lightweight composite materials that have lower sound insulation performance is a negative factor regarding low frequency transmission loss. Double-panel partitions with the gap filled with sound absorption materials are often employed to improve the sound insulation performance with reduced added weight penalty. However, in the low frequency range, the strong coupling between the panels through the air cavity and mechanical paths may greatly reduce the sound transmission performance, making it even lower than the performance of a single panel in some frequency ranges. In this work, an experimental investigation of a new kind of hybrid (active/passive) acoustic actuator is presented. The idea consists of replacing the acoustic absorption material by a hybrid actuator aiming at improving the transmission loss at low frequencies without altering the passive attenuation. A prototype of the system is tested in a plane wave acoustic tube setup. Different kinds of SISO feedforward control implementations were used to attenuate the sound power transmitted through the hybrid active–passive panel using an error microphone or a particle velocity sensor placed downstream with respect to the sample panel. Measurement results of the transmission loss with active and hybrid attenuation are presented and discussed.     

极点配置法弹性平板有源隔声系统优化

对混响声场中的弹性平板有源隔声系统进行优化。根据激励频率范围确定受控模态阶次,在模态空间中建立系统降阶方程,基于极点配置方法,采用分布式系统增加受控模态的阻尼,降低低频共振声传输。同时设计模态滤波器,为控制器提供所需的状态信息。为提高控制效能,本文对传感器和作动器布放位置进行优化,尝试不同极点配置方案,并对耦合控制与独立模态控制方法的隔声效果进行比较。仿真结果显示,极点配置法有源隔声可以有效降低共振声传输,优化布放和独立模态控制方式下,控制力明显降低。优化后的有源隔声系统效能有所提升。      

住宅建筑中相邻房间的侧向传声预测

侧向传声作为建筑中声传递的组成部分,对住宅的整体隔声效果具有重要的影响,通过将建筑中相邻房间的各建筑构件划分为若干子系统,应用统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis,SEA)理论,从系统的声功率平衡的角度建立侧向传声的预测模型,在描述各路径的传声规律的同时确定主要传声路径。研究结果表明:当外围护结构为重质结构,且为匀质单一材料构造时,(1)在低频处,全程通过两相邻房间的侧墙或楼板的非通过隔墙的侧向路径成为主要侧向传声路径;(2)在中高频,各侧向路径的声压级差趋于一致,此时的建筑隔声性能取决于通过隔墙的直接路径上的声传递;(3)采用重质隔墙可以缩小侧向传声影响的频率范围。本研究为改善住宅的声环境质量及建筑隔声设计提供了理论依据。