住宅隔声的预测:计及侧向传声的简易方法

本文提出了一种预测房间隔声的方法，它考虑了侧向传声，而以容易得到有关于房屋布局，隔墙及其支撑的资料作为基础，分离了三种传声路长并作出解释，最后给出一些测量与计算之间相比较的例子。     

钢结构装配式住宅墙板连接方式对隔声性能的影响*

为提升其隔声性能,通过有限元法数值分析,比较了不同位置墙板的连接方式对房间隔声性能的影响。结果表明：(1)侧墙墙板柔性连接处理对侧向传声的抑制作用显著,当侧墙墙板采用柔性连接后,房间的隔声量在低频段平均可以提升3 dB左右;(2)公共隔墙墙板的柔性连接对房间低频段隔声量提升不明显,甚至在160 Hz、400 Hz、500 Hz等频率下隔声量有所降低。最后,基于模拟分析结果对装配式墙体连接方式提出了改进策略。     

燃料电池有轨电车声学优化*

基于线路噪声实验,系统测试分析了燃料电池有轨电车的噪声特性,研究了噪声分布以及空气传声、结构传声路径对噪声的贡献。结果表明改善车辆地板、空调、顶板和风挡的隔声性能,尤其是在500～1250 Hz的1/3倍频带范围内的隔声性能将有助于改善车辆内部声学环境。优化燃料电池系统控制,降低冷却单元转速将有助于改善车辆外部声学环境。在此基础上提出减震降噪建议措施,再次进行线路噪声实验,结果表明该措施有效。     

提高轻板隔墙的隔声性能

影响轻板隔墙隔声性能的因素是多方面的.本文着重研究了降低龙骨的传声、附加构造的作用以及墙板的选择等方面.文中通过理论分析和实验比较,说明这些措施对提高轻板隔墙的隔声性能是有效而可行的.     

复合材料机身结构声学特性及影响参数分析

针对复合材料(以下简称"复材")结构进行声振分析,通过无限大障板理论和波动方程,分析复材平板和曲板结构的传声损失,并利用统计能量法分析壁板的隔声性能,与文献中的实验结果进行对比,验证建模的有效性。然后将复合材料机身结构等效成一个复材圆柱壳体结构,分析不同参数,包括压差、曲率半径、长度、铺层角度、纤维材料、加筋等对结构隔声性能的影响。最后与金属机身结构进行隔声性能对比,发现:在环频率与吻合效应频率之间,金属机身结构的传声损失明显大于复材机身结构,而在吻合效应频率以上频段,由于复材结构的吻合效应频率向低频移动,其传声损失好于金属机身结构。     

薄膜型声学超材料的结构设计与隔声特性*

为探讨薄膜型声学超材料用于汽车前围声学包、提高其中低频隔声能力的可行性,设计一种米字摆臂多质量块薄膜型声学超材料,构建其隔声分析有限元模型 ,分析其隔声特性及影响因素,开展结构优化及其在汽车前围声学包上的应用探索。研究表明,所设计的薄膜型声学超材料单胞在中低频区域具有较宽的隔声频带;增加薄膜上质量块半径或厚度会使传声损失曲线整体向低频区域移动,且质量块半径的增加还会拓宽高频区域的隔声频带;增加薄膜厚度或预应力会使传声损失曲线整体向高频区域移动;优化后的薄膜型声学超材料与钢板组合应用于汽车前围板,可明显提高其中低频隔声能力。     

实验室隔声测量中试件洞填隙墙传声影响的检验

文章探讨了实验室建筑构件隔声测量中填隙墙传声影响的检验与修正方法。通过实验分析,给出了三种可用于不同隔声量构件的门、窗和玻璃试件隔声测量的填隙墙构造方式。     

墙体设置接线盒隔声性能影响的实验室研究

在轻质墙体(轻钢龙骨类板墙)及重质墙体(240 mm砖墙)上设置不同数量的接线盒前后,对墙体的空气声隔声性能的影响进行了实验室试验。并对试验结论进行了分析,得出了不同类型墙体设置接线盒后,对墙体空气声隔声性能的影响因素及处理方法。     

正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型研究

为了研究正交加筋板的声透射问题,基于经典薄板和梁振动理论,建立了正交加筋板声透射的板梁理论模型。首先通过分析加强筋的受迫弯曲和扭转运动,求得了平板和加强筋线接触之间的反力和反力矩,然后将其引入到平板振动控制方程中,得到了正交加筋板声振方程,最后采用空间谐波展开法求解该方程得到了传声损失的表达式;在此基础上,首先研究了无限大平板和单向加筋的隔声性能,通过与解析解及两种简化模型的计算结果作对比,验证了所建理论模型的有效性;并进一步研究了加筋形式对正交加筋板隔声性能的影响。结果表明:选择合适的加筋形式可以有效避开结构的隔声波谷。      

平面声波由空气经加肋板向水中传输的数值计算研究

采用有限元法和边界元法计算研究了平面声波由空气经加肋板向水中的声传输。数值计算表明：板的刚度对声传输的影响只有在板的刚度较大时才是重要的，当板的刚度较小时，空气和水之间的声阻抗失配对声传输起支配作用；板厚或肋骨惯性矩的变化会引起结构传声损失曲线上隔声低谷位置的变化；增大板厚或肋骨惯性矩可增大结构的传声损失，特别是当激励频率低于结构基频时，可通过增大板厚或肋骨惯性矩来增大结构刚度进而明显增大结构的传声损失。     

Prediction of sound flanking transmission through two adjacent rooms within a residence building

Flanking transmission has significant effects on the overall sound insulation of two adjacent rooms within a residence building. This study investigates the mechanism of the sound flanking transmission by dividing it into several subsystems with the statistical energy analysis method. The sound energy equations of these subsystems are obtained first, and then,the sound transmissions on each flanking path are predicted and the dominant sound transmission path is determined by solving these equations and calculating the total loss factors of the subsystems and coupling loss factors between subsystems. With respect to a masonry building with heavy-weight homogeneous structure, the results show that:(1) the flanking transmission paths instead of the separating wall may become the dominant ones at low frequencies;(2) all sound transmissions on the flanking paths tend to be consistent at medium and high frequencies, so the sound insulation between two adjacent rooms depends on the direct path of the separating wall;(3) heavy-weight separating walls can be used to reduce the frequency range of the flanking transmission.     

Application of a finite-element model to low-frequency sound insulation in dwellings

The sound transmission between adjacent rooms has been modeled using a finite-element method. Predicted sound-level difference gave good agreement with experimental data using a full-scale and a quarter-scale model. Results show that the sound insulation characteristics of a party wall at low frequencies strongly depend on the modal characteristics of the sound field of both rooms and of the partition. The effect of three edge conditions of the separating wall on the sound-level difference at low frequencies was examined: simply supported, clamped, and a combination of clamped and simply supported. It is demonstrated that a clamped partition provides greater sound-level difference at low frequencies than a simply supported. It also is confirmed that the sound-pressure level difference is lower in equal room than in unequal room configurations.     

The prediction of airborne sound transmission between two rooms using first-order flanking paths

Airborne sound transmission between adjacent rooms can be predicted using the Standard EN 12354-1 (ISO 15712-1), which is equivalent to a first-order approximation of statistical energy analysis (SEA). This paper analyses airborne sound transmission between adjacent rooms in a masonry building, by comparing results obtained from EN 12354-1 to SEA predictions and measurements. It is shown that the restriction of the Standard to first-order flanking paths can lead to large errors in predictions when compared to measurements and SEA results taking into account all transmission paths. This is observed both for individual flanking paths and overall transmission between rooms, for which the Standard provides results similar to those obtained by the first-order approximation of SEA. The paper also looks at possible reasons why previous studies using the approach in EN 12354 have generally shown good agreement with measurements.     

A chart for estimating the distance attenuation of flanking sound passing through open windows in the exterior wall of adjoining rooms and its experimental verification

Sound transmission between adjoining rooms is often influenced by a flanking sound passing through open windows placed in the exterior wall of the two rooms. It is important to predict such flanking sound propagation when considering the sound insulation between the adjoining rooms. In this paper, a chart for estimating the distance attenuation of the flanking sound, which is obtained from analysis using the boundary integral equation method, is first provided. Next, 1:10 scale model experiments are carried out. The experimental results are in good agreement with the chart, the effectiveness of the chart thus being verified.     

Flanking transmission of metal stud walls with different junction details

Measurements of the normalised flanking sound level difference of different gypsum board flanking walls are reported. Results of a “standard” wall construction confirmed some results of the current draft standard of DIN 4109. Different constructions with various junction details and different wall constructions are described and measurement results are presented. By additional measurements on the walls, a prediction model for the weighted flanking level difference is suggested, based on the methodology of EN 12354. For the flanking transmission prediction of path Ff, three transmission paths are proposed. The model gives good agreement between calculated and measured weighted flanking level difference except for the case where the transmission along the inner lining of the flanking wall is dominant. In this case the prediction underestimates measurements by up to 7 dB.     

Establishing a new acoustical laboratory, planning, experiments, experiences

A significant part of the input data for planning the acoustical quality of building is the result of laboratory measurements. Detailed modelling of complex phenomena of sound transmission, like structure borne sound propagation can be solved based on on well planned laboratory experiences. However it seems the constructional details of the testing facilities have important effect on the measured results. The paper describes the process of planning the testing facilities of the Laboratory of Building Acoustics, TU Budapest, which operate as a standardised laboratory, a modelling “tool” for flanking transmission in research and development and which is utilised in teaching too. Some results and conclusions of recent experiments are also reported and discussed here related to the sound reduction index of a heavy brick wall without and with flanking transmission, to the impact sound insulation between the rest of a stair and an adjacent room and also to a possibility to determine the reduction of impact sound transmission of floor coverings.     

A hybrid finite element – statistical energy analysis approach to robust sound transmission modeling

When considering the sound transmission through a wall in between two rooms, in an important part of the audio frequency range, the local response of the rooms is highly sensitive to uncertainty in spatial variations in geometry, material properties and boundary conditions, which have a wave scattering effect, while the local response of the wall is rather insensitive to such uncertainty. For this mid-frequency range, a computationally efficient modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for this uncertainty. The partitioning wall is modeled deterministically, e.g. with finite elements. The rooms are modeled in a very efficient, nonparametric stochastic way, as in statistical energy analysis. All components are coupled by means of a rigorous power balance. This hybrid strategy is extended so that the mean and variance of the sound transmission loss can be computed as well as the transition frequency that loosely marks the boundary between low- and high-frequency behavior of a vibro-acoustic component. The method is first validated in a simulation study, and then applied for predicting the airborne sound insulation of a series of partition walls of increasing complexity: a thin plastic plate, a wall consisting of gypsum blocks, a thicker masonry wall and a double glazing. It is found that the uncertainty caused by random scattering is important except at very high frequencies, where the modal overlap of the rooms is very high. The results are compared with laboratory measurements, and both are found to agree within the prediction uncertainty in the considered frequency range.