L波段三维ESR成像系统的研制（Ⅱ）——L波段三维ESR成像系统

叙述了一个L波段（1.05 GHz）用于ESR和ESR成像的装置，用这套自制装置实现了3D ESR成像. 该装置由L波段ESR谱仪、三组梯度场线圈及控制单元和PC机数据采集系统组成. 样品腔是一个3-环2-缝再进入式谐振腔，可放入直径为20 mm、 长30 mm的H₂O样品，空谐振腔的频率是1.05 GHz. 微波振荡频率用自动频率控制（AFC）的方法自动锁在有载腔的频率上. 梯度场线圈沿X-，Y-和Z-轴产生线性梯度场，在中心40 mm球形范围内梯度场强度为2 mT/cm. 依照Lauterbur's方法进行3D ESR 图像重建. 用该系统检测了样品中TEMPO氮氧自由基的3D空间分布. 得到了TEMPO的2D、3D ESR图像、用像素灰度表示的自旋密度分布图及3D ESR-CT图像.     

L波段三维ESR成像系统的研制(Ⅵ)--三维ESR成像系统软件

在L波段三维ESR成像系统的研制中,以Matlab 为平台,建立了包括谱数据自动化处理、ESR空间（1D、2D、3D）成像和ESR谱-空间成像为一体的系统应用软件,可方便清晰地显示谱和物体自旋密度分布的各种图像,为深入研究顺磁性物种自旋密度分布的特征及其化学反应过程中氧的扩散过程,提供了很好的可视化信息. 实验表明,该系统软件具有广泛的应用前景.     

L波段三维ESR成像系统的研制(Ⅳ)--系统组成与各部分性能指标

报道了自行研制的L波段三维电子自旋共振成像（3D-ESRI）系统的整机结构及各部分性能指标. 该系统主要由L波段ESR谱仪、三维梯度磁场装置、数据处理及图像重建软件组成. 系统的微波频率为1.05 GHz;最大微波功率500 mW. 采用3-环2-缝再进入式谐振腔,无载Q值>1 000;最大测量体积为φ 20 mm, 高30 mm柱状水溶液样品. 接收系统采用100 kHz锁相放大电路,最大增益可达1×10⁶;时间常数0.02 ms～1 s;磁场调制幅度>0.5 mT. 最大梯度磁场2 mT/cm;三维梯度线性度均优于5 ％;稳定度可达10^-5;主磁场可在1.6～96 mT范围内任意点选择扫场起始点;在0.2～16 mT范围选择磁场扫描宽度. 数据系统为12位A/D实现数据采集,三路8位D/A控制梯度磁场. 采用滤波反投影法实现图像重建, 成像功能包括：二维、三维自旋浓度成像;等浓度线2D图像显示;3D立体和断层图像显示等. 对水溶液和固体模型样品进行ESR成像的结果表明：本系统可以开展较大体积生物样品的ESRI研究.     

连续波电子自旋共振的二维相关谱

在数学相关分析的基础上,建立了获得连续波电子自旋共振（continuous-wave electronspin resonance, CW-ESR）的二维相关谱的方法. 对光照产生的2-甲基-2-亚硝基-丙烷(2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane, MNP)的自捕捉自由基的一系列CW-ESR谱进行相关分析处理,首次得到了同步和异步的二维电子自旋共振（2D ESR）相关谱. 这种利用数学相关分析方法所得到的2D ESR相关谱将为扩大CW ESR的应用领域及获取更多的有用信息开拓新的途径.     

多自由基体系溶液ESR谱的数据分析

将ER-200D ESR波谱仪ASPECT 3000计算机采集的ESR图谱传输到IBM PC/XT计算机上,通过自行设计的ESR图谱模拟程序ESRSIMU,同屏显示比较,方便、灵活地对多自由基体系溶液ESR一级近似谱进行了模拟,获取了各个自由基的ESR波谱参数和体系中各类自由基的相对浓度等信息.对单个自由基ESR谱的模拟,ESRSIMU的运行速度比BRUKER EPR 3002快近100倍.     

L—频段ESR成像系统中的图像重建

本文介绍了L—频段ESR图像重建的原理和数据处理方法。通过概述L—频段ESR成像系统,讨论了扫描场和梯度场在成像中的作用及其和投影数据的关系,给出了整个图像重建数据处理的步骤框图,着重地讨论了卷积差分的原理和方法,并介绍了本系统中所采用的滤波反投影图像重建方法。最后给出了用DPPH和煤作样品所成的像,并对实验结果进行了讨论。     

光学三维成像实验系统

建立光学投影层析三维成像系统,该系统包括光学成像、图像采集、断层重建及三维显示,重建算法为滤波反投影算法.实验结果表明:利用该系统得到的重建图像与样品的形状吻合,重建结果边缘清晰,伪迹较小.     

波谱学杂志总目次

第22卷第1期2005年3月吴茱萸内酯的NMR研究(英文)………………张起辉,高慧媛,周莲娣,等(1-5)5-芳基-2-呋喃甲醛腙的NMR谱研究(英文)…李英俊,王营,靳焜,等(7-13)2D NMR对刺五加种子中的一个三萜皂苷进行结构解析(英文)……………………………………………………………张杰,高慧媛,吴斌,等(15-19)卷烟烟气中活性自由基的自旋捕获ESR研究…………………………………………………………………………………吕玉光,严宝珍,田秋,等(21-25)谱-空间2D ESR成像…………………………郑莹光,许静,董凤霞,等(27-33)扁枝藓中锯齿石松烷型三萜的NM…     

基于可分离编码的高分辨X射线荧光成像技术研究

相比于传统基于毛细管或针孔的X射线成像系统,编码孔径成像系统具有结构简单、灵敏度高、扩展性强等优势,使其在X射线荧光成像中极具潜力.本工作应用新型编码孔径成像计算模型,设计了一种基于可分离编码的X射线成像系统.利用Geant4蒙特卡罗仿真对系统的性能进行了研究,并根据快速迭代收缩阈值算法进行了图像重建.模拟及分析结果显示,近场成像时,与传统基于卷积模型的成像系统不同,该系统的性能不受准直效应的影响.成像系统的空间分辨率约为65 μm,并能够准确地重建出不同能量的线源和形状复杂物体的图像.重建图像的质量受校准时所用X射线能量和物体发射X射线能量的影响,两者差异越小,重建图像的质量越高.三维重建结果显示,系统能够从单次获取的二维投影图像,正确地重建出物体与系统的距离,轴向空间分辨率约为1.1 mm.     

MgF2单晶中位错缺陷的ESR谱——含有130多条谱线

在室温条件下的激光晶体MgF2单晶中，实验发现含有130多条峰的电子自旋共振(ESR)波谱。两个样品分别取自MgF2单晶生长放肩的尖锥部位和MgF2:Co晶体.两个样品都没有经过任何辐照处理。两个样品具有相同的各向异性谱，说明掺入的Co2+离子引发了与MgF2单晶放肩部位相同的位错缺陷，产生了相同的多核固体自由基。这些顺磁固体自由基稳定且寿命长，产生的ESR信号是各向异性的。经初步计算拟合，谱线是由三种不同的多核自由基产生的。当磁场方向与晶体的[100]或[010]方向平行时，样品的ESR信号出现在磁场从0.2292特斯拉（T）到0.4654T的0.2362T范围内（相当于能带宽度为0.233eV）。最窄的线宽DH约为0.00128特斯拉，DH相当于相邻的能级差,是非常小的，仅有1.85×10-7eV 或1.46×10-3cm-1。这一事实表明其基态简并度是相当高的，在不太高的直流磁场下几乎是一个由准连续的能级组成的能带。这有可能成为可调谐的固体激光介质的新基点。     

X-波段电子自旋成象

报道了自行设计研制的X-波段ESR成象装置并用之对典型样品作了ESR成象测定;用解卷积和分析图象重建中卷积滤波法对自旋样品体系进行了二维的图象重建,获取了能反映真实自旋分布的二维自旋密度图象.     

X－波段电子自旋成象

报道了自行设计研制的Ｘ－波段ＥＳＲ成象装置并用之对典型样品作了ＥＳＲ成象测定；用解卷积和分析图象重建中卷积滤波法对自旋样品体系进行了二维的图象重建，获取了能反映真实自旋分布的二维自旋密度图象．     

An ESR-CT imaging of the head of a living rat receiving an administration of a nitroxide radical.

Three-dimensional ESR imaging of a living rat has been performed by an L-band ESR system, which is composed of an L-band ESR spectrometer, a field gradient coil, and a data processor. The imaging was carried out by Lauterbur's method. A nitroxide, 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl (Carbamoyl-PROXYL), was used as an imaging agent in saline solution at a concentration of 0.2 M and administered intraperitoneally to obtain a constant concentration in the head for about an hour. It took about 40 min to obtain one set of ESR-CT images. The cross-sectional images were made, both as coronal and horizontal images. In the images of the rat head the nitroxide-rich region was clearly distinguished from the deficient region. The nitroxide-deficient areas corresponded well to the brain of the rat.     

High resolution electron spin resonance microscopy

NMR microscopy is routinely employed in fields of science such as biology, botany, and materials science to observe magnetic parameters and transport phenomena in small scale structures. Despite extensive efforts, the resolution of this method is limited (>10 microm for short acquisition times), and thus cannot answer many key questions in these fields. We show, through theoretical prediction and initial experiments, that ESR microscopy, although much less developed, can improve upon the resolution limits of NMR, and successfully undertake the 1 mum resolution challenge. Our theoretical predictions demonstrate that existing ESR technology, along with advanced imaging probe design (resonator and gradient coils), using solutions of narrow linewidth radicals (the trityl family), should yield 64 x 64 pixels 2D images (with z slice selection) with a resolution of 1 x 1 x 10 microm at approximately 60 GHz in less than 1h of acquisition. Our initial imaging results, conducted by CW ESR at X-band, support these theoretical predictions and already improve upon the previously reported state-of-the-art for 2D ESR image resolution achieving approximately 10 x 10 mum, in just several minutes of acquisition time. We analyze how future progress, which includes improved resonators, increased frequency of measurement, and advanced pulsed techniques, should achieve the goal of micron resolution.     

Three-dimensional in vivo ESR imaging in rats

The first experiment of tridimensional in vivo ESR imaging at 1.2 GHz is described in this paper. The tails of rats weighing 300-350 grams were visualized using 1 cc of a 50 * 10(-3) M solution of nitroxide free radical injected in the caudal vein. In an even distribution of spin label is assumed this would correspond to a final concentration of about 10(-4) M. A reconstruction from projections was used to obtain the images. The apparatus utilizes stationary field gradients. Projections were obtained by sweeping the main field. For 3D reconstructions, the projections were collected along 32 * 8 field gradient orientations. The whole procedure takes approximately 18 minutes.     

Three-dimensional pulsed ESR Fourier imaging

Three-dimensional pulsed ESR imaging was performed on a (FA)(2)PF(6) crystal using a three-dimensional Fourier imaging sequence. The best resolution achieved was of 20 microm(3). Comparison with images obtained using the filtered back-projection method shows the superiority of this method under the given conditions.     

Three-dimensional recognition of occluded objects by using computational integral imaging

We have proposed a method to recognize partially occluded three-dimensional (3D) objects by using 3D volumetric reconstruction integral imaging (II). An II system captures multiple perspectives of occluded objects by using a microlens array. The reconstruction of the occluded 3D scene and target recognition are done digitally to reduce the effects of the occlusion. To verify system performance, we have implemented an optimum filter for object recognition. Both two-dimensional (2D) images and 3D II volumetric reconstructed images are considered. The correlation results of occluded 3D images for volumetric reconstruction show substantial improvements compared with those for conventional 2D imaging of occluded images.