含硝基烷基的一些CHNO多硝基化合物的C-NO2键离解能计算——应用于撞击感度

用密度泛函方法,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平对五个含硝基烷基的硝基芳香族炸药分子和四个含硝基烷基的苯酸酯炸药分子进行了几何结构全优化、能量和频率计算.并分别对这两类炸药分子苯环上的C-NO2和烷基上的C-NO2键离解能进行了同等水平的计算.结果表明,这两类分子中的最弱键均是烷基上的C-NO2键.进一步分析实验撞击感度与分子中最弱键离解能量的关系.结果表明,最弱键离解能BDE是表征炸药撞击感度的重要指针,但不是唯一指针.除了BDE,炸药的撞击感度可能还受其它因素或反应途径的影响.     

含alphaC-H键的硝基芳香族炸药分子的C-NO2键离解能研究

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法,取6-31G*基组,对含alpha C-H键的硝基苯类炸药的分子结构和能量,以及C-NO2键离解能等进行计算,讨论了含alpha C-H键的硝基苯类炸药分子中C-NO2键离解能的强弱与其位置的关系。研究表明:alpha C-H键邻位的C-NO2键离解能比对位的C-NO2键离解能弱,邻位中又以受alpha C-H键影响最大的C-NO2键离解能最弱。     

取代硝基苯炸药的理论研究

在133LYP/6.31 G*理论水平上优化了一系列取代硝基苯类化舍物的几何构型,计算了它们的电子结构和Wiberg键级,结果表明,随着氨基的引入,起爆引发键C-NO2键的强度有可能得到加强,炸药的撞击感度减小.讨论了分子内氢键与其撞击感度的关系,结果表明氢键的形成可能对分子的撞击感度起钝化作用.讨论了C-NO2键的强弱与其位置的关系.     

三硝基甲烷键离解能和生成焓的理论计算

采用密度泛函(DFT)四种交换/相关函数(B3LYP、B3P86、B3PW91和PBE0)结合不同的基函数,求得了三硝基甲烷C-NO2键的离解能(BDE),并且通过合理选择参考物硝基甲烷,设计等键等电子对反应,计算了气相三硝基甲烷分子的生成焓(HOF).与实验数据进行比较,PBE0/6-31g*计算出的BDE值最好,误差为-2.1 kcal mol-1;PBE0密度泛函结合带极化函数的6-31g基组得到的HOF值与实验值吻合的最好(误差在0.1 kcal mol-1以内).     

硝基甲苯类炸药C-NO2键中点的静电势

利用HONDO程序包,采用从头计算法对硝基甲苯类炸药的分子结构及其C-NO2键中点的静电势进行了计算,讨论了硝基甲苯类炸药C-NO2键中点的静电势最大值Vmidmax与其实验撞击感度之间的关系.研究表明:对于硝基甲苯类炸药,可用其分子C-NO2键中点的静电势最大值Vmidmax来确定其撞击感度的变化趋势.以静电势为判据,讨论了硝基和甲基数目以及硝基和甲基的相对位置对这类炸药撞击感度的影响.     

硝基环丁烷炸药及其衍生物表面静电势与感度理论研究

在DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上,研究了硝基环丁烷及其衍生物和硝基环己烷C-NO2 和 N-NO2 键的中点、环上方分子表面静电势及其统计量,建立了三种标题化合物实验撞击感度h50与分子表面静电势及其统计量之间的定量关系。结果表明,这些模型的相关性较差。然而,环张力贡献的引入使其相关性增强。作为一种表征分子全局性质的物理量,分子表面静电势可用于预估炸药分子的感度。随着实验数据的增多,建立撞击感度h50与分子表面静电势及其静电势的统计量之间的定量关系是有必要的。     

氢键和分子-离子相互作用对奥克托今(HMX)引发键影响的理论研究

为了寻找能够降低炸药感度的方法,借助B3LYP和MP2(full)理论,在B3LYP/6-311+ +G(2df,2p)、B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ和MP2(full)/6-311++G(2df,2p)三种水平下,分别研究了与HMX形成的12种复合物（六种氢键复合物和六种分子-离子复合物）,并对引发键N-NO2键长和强度的变化及硝基电荷的变化等进行了详细的考量,最后借助分子中原子(AIM)理论揭示了结构和能量变化的本质.结果表明,在形成复合物后,引发键键长变短,离解能增大,硝基电荷增多,引发键增强,感度降低,同时引发键离解能的变化(ΔBDEs)与这两种相互作用能呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9984).     

氢键和分子-离子相互作用对奥克托今(HMX)引发键影响的理论研究

为了寻找能够降低炸药感度的方法,借助B3LYP和MP2(full)理论,在B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p)、B3LYP/aug-cc-p VTZ和MP2(full)/6-311++G(2df,2p)三种水平下,分别研究了与HMX形成的12种复合物(六种氢键复合物和六种分子-离子复合物),并对引发键N-NO2键长和强度的变化及硝基电荷的变化等进行了详细的考量,最后借助分子中原子(AIM)理论揭示了结构和能量变化的本质.结果表明,在形成复合物后,引发键键长变短,离解能增大,硝基电荷增多,引发键增强,感度降低,同时引发键离解能的变化(ΔBDEs)与这两种相互作用能呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9984).     

五种典型硝基苯胺类炸药的静电势与撞击感度的关系研究

利用HONDO程序包,采用从头算法对硝基苯胺类炸药的分子结构和电偶极矩等性质以及 C-NO2键中点静电势等进行计算,讨论了硝基苯胺类炸药C-NO2键中点静电势最大值Vmidmax与其实验撞击感度之间的关系.研究表明:对于硝基苯胺类炸药,不宜单独用C-NO2键中点静电势最大值Vmidmax来表征撞击感度的变化,但可以用静电势最大值Vmidmax与电偶极矩的积来确定其撞击感度的变化趋势,讨论了硝基和胺基的相对位置以及硝基和胺基的数目对这类炸药感度的影响.     

几种硝基苯类炸药在外电场作用下的分子特性

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上研究了外电场对一些硝基苯类炸药分子的总能量、偶极矩、分子轨道能级和前线轨道能量差等分子特性的影响;考察了在外电场作用下分子前线轨道能量差与炸药的电火花感度之间的关系.结果表明,在外电场作用下分子总能量降低,偶极矩增大、前线轨道能量差减小;分子前线轨道能量差与炸药的电火花感度之间几乎线性相关,且外电场对这种线性相关性无明显影响.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.