应用于重力测量的超导磁悬浮系统电磁特性分析

高精度重力测量是资源勘测、地球科学研究等领域研究的基础。与常规的机械式重力仪相比,超导重力仪具有极低的噪声和漂移率,并且测量精度高、工作寿命长、工作稳定性好,超导磁悬浮系统是它的核心部件。论文研究了超导重力仪磁悬浮系统结构,并对其原理及可行性进行了阐述。利用Ansoft及Opera软件对系统进行建模仿真分析,完成结构位置的优化选择。分析了系统正常运行时悬浮力、磁力梯度、电流值、间隙磁场分布等参量特征,并研究了超导球质量变化对系统测量灵敏度的间接影响。仿真结果表明,对于15g超导球磁悬浮系统,重力分辨率可以达到1nGal,且间隙磁场最大值小于超导材料临界磁场值。     

一种超导重力仪磁悬浮力的等效计算

为实现超导重力仪磁悬浮力的精确计算,以GWR型超导重力仪为模型基础,采用有限元的思想,将超导球表面电流理想化为多个等高共轴电流环,计算出各个电流环与超导线圈的作用力,求和得到线圈与超导球间的磁悬浮力。利用MATLAB完成计算程序实现,通过改变下线圈电流和上、下线圈电流比,获得满足一定条件的磁悬浮力及其梯度。选取合适的模型参数,计算出线圈对质量为m=4.069 g超导球的磁悬浮力大小为:Ftotal=3.988×10^-2N,磁悬浮力梯度为:-9.699×10^-3N/m,此时悬浮力梯度合适,满足系统稳定性和灵敏度的要求。     

混合型高温超导飞轮储能系统磁悬浮力的仿真分析计算

磁悬浮力是块状超导体重要的实用参数,研究磁悬浮力具有实际意义;介绍了超导块材的自稳定悬浮原理;研究了永磁体的半径对系统磁悬浮力的影响,以及在永磁体半径与超导体半径不同时永磁体厚度、永磁体与超导块之间的距离及通过线圈的电流对混合磁悬浮系统的磁悬浮力的影响。使用Ansys软件对混合磁悬浮系统模型进行了仿真分析,并总结了系统各个参数与磁悬浮力之间的关系。最后通过实验验证了所得到的结论。     

应用于超导重力测量的磁屏蔽系统研究

在高精度超导重力磁悬浮系统中，高效屏蔽外界磁场干扰是实现高精度重力测量的关键，尤其对于无处不在的地磁场干扰问题。根据不同材料的屏蔽特性，分析了地磁场对超导重力测量的影响，利用ANSYS Maxwell 3D建立了以地磁场为背景的屏蔽模型，对屏蔽体不同材料、厚度、高度、直径等关键参数进行了分析及优化，并设计了多层复合屏蔽结构，屏蔽效能可达65 dB以上，满足重力信号的高精度测量需求，研究结果对于高精度超导重力测量装置的磁屏蔽设计具有重要的实际指导意义。     

关于磁悬浮陀螺稳定悬浮条件的探讨

利用牛顿力学中的稳定性理论对磁悬浮陀螺稳定悬浮的条件进行了分析,在实验上对磁悬浮陀螺底座磁场的空间分布进行了测量,将理论分析和测量的数据结合起来从理论上预测陀螺稳定悬浮的区域范围,再将实验上实际观察到的稳定悬浮区域与之对比,得到了一致性的结论,由此得出了磁悬浮陀螺稳定悬浮的条件.     

空间高频交变磁场对超导块材悬浮力影响研究

高温超导磁悬浮装置,如磁悬浮列车和磁悬浮轴承在高速运行时,空间磁场交变及不均匀性扰动会引发超导块材内部损耗并影响性能,传统均匀时变磁场实验研究及仿真模拟无法满足实际工程应用情况.本文通过设计不同永磁阵列得到不同波形,在高速系统驱动下得到不同交变频率下超导块材损耗特性,发现全波型损耗较半波型损耗高,并研究了不同磁场构型悬浮力衰减特性,可为高速超导磁浮应用提供实验依据.     

目标场法在悬浮超导球体的球形线圈设计中的应用

文中把目标场法引入到悬浮超导球体的球形线圈设计中,根据目标场法产生均匀磁场的原理,通过离散化绕组来近似处理球形线圈在超导球体和球形线圈的间隙内产生均匀磁场的电流密度分布规律。利用有限元分析和验证,在超导球体与球形线圈之间的间隙内产生了具有很好均匀性的悬浮磁场,这会明显提高超导球体悬浮的刚度和稳定性。     

外加磁场强度对高温超导磁悬浮力影响的分析

高温超导磁悬浮力的分析计算是超导磁悬浮技术实用化的一个重要课题。介绍了超导磁悬浮的基本原理。分析了外加磁场强度对磁悬浮力的影响,计算了存在外施磁场下的悬浮力,并设计实验测量相应悬浮力的大小。基于ANSYS软件对两种磁悬浮模型仿真分析,研究了不同模型和参数下的磁力线分布。仿真和实验结果对超导磁悬浮技术的应用具有参考价值。     

梯形高温超导磁体电磁特性仿真与实验研究

超导电动悬浮列车以超导磁体作为核心部件, 具有环境影响小、 高速下自稳定、 安全性能好等优点, 已成为高速轨道交通的重要发展方向之一. 然而, 传统的磁体线圈结构存在绕组内磁场过于集中的问题, 导致磁体的临界电流下降显著, 列车的悬浮及安全性能也受到影响. 针对现有悬浮磁体结构自场集中导致的临界电流衰减问题,本文提出了一种梯形高温超导磁体线圈结构. 建立了一种可以提升磁体临界电流计算效率的均质自洽模型, 设计了梯形结构线圈的结构参数并完成了磁体线圈的绕制. 实验和计算结果表明, 自洽模型计算的磁体临界电流与实验测量值吻合良好, 验证了模型的准确性. 利用该模型对日本山梨试验线上的全尺寸车载高温超导磁体进行了结构优化设计. 研究发现, 优化后的车载磁体绕组内磁场集中程度明显下降, 车载磁体的临界电流及目标区域的磁场强度显著提高. 本研究相关成果可为电动悬浮列车车载磁体的结构设计提供参考.     

高温超导飞轮储能系统磁悬浮力的仿真计算与实验分析

超导磁悬浮飞轮储能装置储能密度大、储能效率高,具有很好的发展前景。阐述了超导磁悬浮飞轮储能装置的基本原理。主要研究了超导块与永磁体之间的间隙、两者的半径和永磁体厚度等尺寸参数对磁悬浮力的影响。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对磁悬浮的基本模型进行仿真计算,得到模型的磁力线分布,进一步总结各个参数和磁悬浮力之间的关系,并进行实验验证得到的结论。     

制作磁悬浮天平的设想

设想用磁场力悬浮天平刀口,以减小刀口摩擦力;用光放大和光电电位器检测平衡位置,用灵敏电流计的电流大小和指针偏转方向稳定天平平衡状况,上述设想可提高天平的灵敏度。     

声悬浮现象的研究

分析了声波在垂直谐振腔内使物体悬浮于空中的条件与位置,给出了运用声悬浮现象测量声速的方法并实测了声速.     

Magnetorheological suspension electromagnetic brake

The magnetorheological suspension (MRS) brake is of the monoblock type. The main part of the electromagnetic brake is an electromagnet, between whose poles two MRS disks are placed. For distances between disks of 0.65×10⁻³ m±10%, revolutions of the electric motor, coupled to the electromagnetic brake, ranging between 200 and 1600 rev/min and braking powers of up to 85 W, there are no differences in revolutions between the disks of the electromagnetic brake. For fixed revolutions of the electric motor, the revolution of the parallel disk can be modified continuously by means of the intensity of the magnetic field. In all cases, the quantity of MRS is of 0.35×10⁻³ kg.     

Simple cost-efficient magnetic suspension

The problem of reducing electric losses in a magnetic suspension is considered. Specifically, the feasibility of decreasing electric losses in dynamics in addition to the well-known method of loss reduction in statics by means of permanent magnets is discussed. It is demonstrated by an example of a simple magnetic suspension with permanent magnets that, when the suspension is brought to equilibrium, the functional in the dependence of the electromagnet coil current squared reaches a minimum; i.e., electrical losses are minimized in dynamics.     

Convection of a stratified colloidal suspension

The convection of a colloidal suspension, which is a binary mixture of a carrier medium with an admixture of nanoparticles having a large positive thermal diffusion parameter, has been studied for the case of the heating of a horizontal cell from below and periodic conditions at the vertical boundaries corresponding to the experimental situation of ring channels. Bifurcation diagrams have been constructed for vibrational and monotonic regimes of the convection of the colloidal mixture. The time dependences of the maximum stream function and the stream function at a fixed point of the cell, as well as the spatial distributions of the concentration field of the colloid admixture, have been obtained. It has been shown that a stable regime of traveling waves exists in a certain region of the parameters of the problem (Boltzmann and Rayleigh numbers characterizing the gravitational stratification and intensity of the thermal effect, respectively).     

Rheological properties of a vesicle suspension

The rheological properties of a vesicle suspension have been investigated in the limit of strong flows destroying the stationary form of vesicles. The dependence of the effective viscosity of the suspension on the velocity gradient and the properties of vesicles has been obtained for the case of the plane flow. In particular, it has been shown that the effective viscosity of the suspension can strongly depend on its initial state. The effect of thermal fluctuations on the rheological properties of the suspension has been analyzed.     

纳米悬浮液的有效导热系数

文中以有效介质近似理论为基础,考虑了纳米颗粒在基液中强烈的B rown ian运动对强化传热的作用和纳米颗粒的表面吸附液体层、纳米颗粒的粒径和体积分数对纳米悬浮液有效导热系数的影响,建立了预测纳米悬浮液有效导热系数的模型,通过对纳米CuO-去离子水溶液的验证,发现该模型比几种经典模型具有更高的精度,因此具有一定的参考价值。     

Mathematical combustion model of nanoaluminum-air suspension

This paper presents a combustion model of a nano-aluminum-air (nAl-air) suspension. The special feature of the model is performing a local mathematical model of the oxidant diffusion through an aluminum oxide layer on the particle surface taking into account the aluminum-oxidant reaction to simulate the combustion of nano-size aluminum (nAl) particles. The oxidation rate of the aluminum particles and the associated with this process the rate of heat release are determined from the solution of the local combustion problems for the entire set of nAl particles in the suspension. To obtain the suspension state parameters we solve the equation system, which includes the energy conservation equations for the gas and particles, the mass-conservation equation for the gas-dispersed mixture and the motion equations for the gas and particles controlling for the particle velocity lag. The model considers gas expansion and thus gas and particle motion. The developed model does not require setting the ignition temperature of nAl particles. The study provides the calculated propagation rate of the combustion front in the nAl-air suspension depending on the nAl mass concentration and on the initial temperature of the suspension.     

溶液液滴蒸发变干的环状沉积

液体蒸发驱动的颗粒自组装现象在许多的工业技术中有重要应用. 本文利用显微镜观测含有颗粒物质的液滴变干后留在固体表面的颗粒形成的环状沉积图案. 采用微米粒径的SiO₂小球水溶液液滴蒸发变干模拟咖啡环的形成过程, 结果发现液滴蒸发过程中接触线的钉扎是环状沉积的必要条件. 在液滴蒸发过程中颗粒随着补偿流不断的向液滴边缘移动, 聚集在接触线处形成环. 液滴蒸发变干后残留在液滴内部的颗粒数随颗粒质量分数的增加而增加, 可以达到单层的颗粒排列. 而玻璃衬底上的颗粒环在颗粒质量分数很小时, 形成单层排列, 且一排一排地生长. 蒸发过程中颗粒环由于液滴边缘的尺寸限制向液滴中心缓慢移动. 这会导致液滴中不同大小颗粒的分离. 关键词： 液滴 接触线 蒸发 颗粒     

Eigenproperties of suspension bridges with damage

The vertical vibration of suspension bridges with a damage in the main cables is studied using a continuum formulation. Starting from a model for damaged suspended cables recently proposed in the literature, an improved expression for the dynamic increment of cable tension is derived. The nonlinear equation of motion of the damaged bridge is obtained by extending this model to include the stiffening girder. The linear undamped modal eigenproperties are then extracted, in closed-form, from the linearized equation of motion, thus generalizing to the presence of an arbitrary damage the expressions known from the literature for undamaged suspension bridges. The linear dynamics of the damaged bridge reveals to be completely described by means of the same two non-dimensional parameters that govern the linear dynamics of undamaged bridges and which account for the mechanical characteristics of both the main cable and the girder, with the addition of three non-dimensional parameters characterizing damage intensity, position and extent. After presenting the mathematical formulation, a parametric analysis is conducted with the purpose of investigating the sensitivity of natural frequencies and mode shapes to damage, which, in fact, is a crucial point concerning damage detection applications using inverse methods. All through the paper, systematic comparisons with finite element simulations are presented for the purpose of model validation.