求解双曲守恒律方程的高分辨率熵相容格式

为提高熵相容格式的精度,利用限制器机制构造高分辨率格式,将构造的通量限制器插入熵相容格式,得到一类高分辨率熵相容格式.构造Euler方程高分辨率熵相容格式时,对熵相容格式中的几个参数做简单调整,提高了接触间断处的分辨率.将所得格式的数值结果与熵相容格式的数值结果比较表明,构造的高分辨率熵相容格式具有稳健和基本无振荡等特性.     

高分辨率熵相容格式及其在激波流动中的应用

为解决熵守恒格式在激波附近出现数值振荡的问题,本文将熵相容格式与MUSCL格式相结合,提出一种既能适合于激波问题、又不依赖于传统人工黏性经验模型的高分辨率熵相容格式,通过对多个激波问题的数值计算,并对比二阶中心格式、熵守恒格式、熵相容格式和高分辨率熵相容格式的计算结果,发现:熵相容格式具有较好的激波捕捉能力,有效解决了熵守恒格式在激波附近的数值振荡问题;MUSCL重构格式进一步提高了熵相容格式的数值模拟能力,既能精确捕捉激波附近的流动细节,又在光滑区保持二阶精度;在对比的四种格式中,本文提出的高分辨率熵相容格式对激波问题的预测性能最佳。该项工作对发展激波湍流相互作用模型、提高跨/超音速叶轮机械流动预测精度具有理论价值和应用潜力。     

针对二维双曲守恒律方程求解方法的研究

对双曲守恒律方程进行数值求解是计算流体力学的重要研究内容。本文从物理概念出发,通过对计算流体力学和双曲守恒律方程研究现状及发展趋势进行引入,详细介绍了满足熵稳定条件的二维双曲守恒律方程的熵守恒、熵稳定、熵相容、高分辨率熵稳定格式,可将其格式应用于具体算例的数值求解中。     

单个守恒型方程熵耗散格式中熵耗散函数的构造

对于一维单个守恒律方程,文[8]设计了一种非线性守恒型差分格式.此格式为二阶Godunov型的,用的是分片线性重构(reconstruction),重构函数的斜率是根据熵耗散得到的.格式满足熵条件.与传统的守恒格式不同的是此格式在计算过程中不仅用到了数值解还用到了数值熵.在此格式中一个所谓的熵耗散函数起到了很重要的作用,它在每一个网格的计算中耗散熵,以保证格式满足熵条件.文[8]中设计的熵耗散函数比较复杂,并且不是很完善.故数值地分析了在格式的构造中为何应给熵以一定的耗散,及应耗散多少.并且给出了一个新的以数值解的二阶差分作为基本模块的熵耗散函数.最后给出了相应的数值算例.     

浅水波方程的黏性正则化PINN算法

针对经典PINN(Physics-informed Neural Networks)在求解浅水波方程间断问题时的不足，提出一种黏性耗散机制的正则化PINN算法。该算法利用黏性正则化的浅水波方程作为网络构建中的物理约束，并在损失函数中作为惩罚项，训练网络用正则化方程的光滑解逼近原方程的间断解，采用网格加密熵稳定格式的数值解作为参考，学习得原方程在整个区域的解。对满足不同初始条件的一维、二维浅水问题进行数值模拟，并与经典PINN算法进行比较，数值结果表明新算法泛化能力强，可预测任意时刻的解，分辨率高，不会出现抹平和伪振荡现象。     

求解二维双曲型方程的一种基本守恒差分格式

构造了一种求解二维双曲型方程的基本守恒型差分格式,并证明了该格式的数值解是全变差有界的,在光滑区域具有二阶精度,按L¹范数及L^∞范数稳定,且其几乎处处有界收敛的极限解是微分方程的物理解。     

振动NACA0012翼型的移动网格数值模拟

利用流体力学方程的积分形式给出非结构移动网格上离散格式,利用自适应移动网格方法移动网格,进而得到网格速度.对振动Naca0012翼型问题,分三种类型确定网格速度,再结合Riemann问题的解法器构造数值通量,得到移动网格单元上新的物理量.数值实验表明这种格式同时具有高效、高分辨率的特点.     

叶栅激波流场的数值模拟与高分辨率差分格式

一、前言 近年来,激波流场数值模拟技术的一个重要进展,是各种高分辨率总变差减小(TVD)格式的建立和发展。这类格式与常用的中心差分方法相比,其突出的优点在于,不需要人为地在差分方程中附加耗散项就能给出激波上、下游无波动的数值解,保证了数值流场具有很高的空间分辨率。目前这种方法已引起人们的高度重视,并逐渐发展成为应用计算中的流行格式。本文的目的,是探讨TVD格式在叶栅激波流场数值分析     

求解双曲守恒律方程的高分辨率熵稳定格式

熵稳定格式从物理概念出发,保证总熵关于时间耗散,在计算过程中无需进行熵修正,有效避免如膨胀激波,负压力等非物理现象,显示出独特的优点.通过插入限制器和在单元交界面处进行高阶重构,得到一类高分辨率的熵稳定格式.算例结果表明,格式具有可靠性,高精度和基本无振荡性等特点.     

自相似Euler方程的数值方法

Euler方程某些问题的解具有自相似特点，可以使用更准确的方法求解.提出了两种数值方法，分别称为自相似和准自相似方法，新方法可以使用现有守恒律方程的数值格式，无须设计特殊方法.对一维激波管问题、二维Riemann问题、激波反射以及激波折射问题进行了数值计算.对自相似Euler方程，一维计算结果显示数值解基本等同于精确解，二维结果也比现有文献计算的结果有更高的分辨率.对准自相似Euler方程，新方法可以求解不具有自相似性但接近自相似的问题，并在计算时间足够长时可以取得自相似Euler方程的效果.数值求解自相似Euler方程对自相似问题的研究，高分辨率、高精度格式的设计乃至Euler方程的精确解都有重要启示.      

A positive MUSCL-Hancock scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamics

We present a highly robust second order accurate scheme for the Euler equations and the ideal MHD equations. The scheme is of predictor–corrector type, with a MUSCL scheme following as a special case. The crucial ingredients are an entropy stable approximate Riemann solver and a new spatial reconstruction that ensures positivity of mass density and pressure. For multidimensional MHD, a new discrete form of the Powell source terms is vital to ensure the stability properties. The numerical examples show that the scheme has superior stability compared to standard schemes, while maintaining accuracy. In particular, the method can handle very low values of pressure (i.e. low plasma β$\beta$ or high Mach numbers) and low mass densities.     

An adaptive MHD method for global space weather simulations

A 3D parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) scheme is described for solving the partial-differential equations governing ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. This new algorithm adopts a cell-centered upwind finite-volume discretization procedure and uses limited solution reconstruction, approximate Riemann solvers, and explicit multi-stage time stepping to solve the MHD equations in divergence form, providing a combination of high solution accuracy and computational robustness across a large range in the plasma β (β is the ratio of thermal and magnetic pressures). The data structure naturally lends itself to domain decomposition, thereby enabling efficient and scalable implementations on massively parallel supercomputers. Numerical results for MHD simulations of magnetospheric plasma flows are described to demonstrate the validity and capabilities of the approach for space weather applications     

A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part I: On a rectangular collocated grid system

A consistent, conservative and accurate scheme has been designed to calculate the current density and the Lorentz force by solving the electrical potential equation for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) at low magnetic Reynolds numbers and high Hartmann numbers on a finite-volume structured collocated grid. In this collocated grid, velocity (u), pressure (p), and electrical potential (φ) are located in the grid center, while current fluxes are located on the cell faces. The calculation of current fluxes on the cell faces is conducted using a conservative scheme, which is consistent with the discretization scheme for the solution of electrical potential Poisson equation. A conservative interpolation is used to get the current density at the cell center, which is used to conduct the calculation of Lorentz force at the cell center for momentum equations. We will show that both “conservative” and “consistent” are important properties of the scheme to get an accurate result for high Hartmann number MHD flows with a strongly non-uniform mesh employed to resolve the Hartmann layers and side layers of Hunt’s conductive walls and Shercliff’s insulated walls. A general second-order projection method has been developed for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the Lorentz force included. This projection method can accurately balance the pressure term and the Lorentz force for a fully developed core flow. This method can also simplify the pressure boundary conditions for MHD flows.     

An unstaggered constrained transport method for the 3D ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations

Numerical methods for solving the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in more than one space dimension must either confront the challenge of controlling errors in the discrete divergence of the magnetic field, or else be faced with nonlinear numerical instabilities. One approach for controlling the discrete divergence is through a so-called constrained transport method, which is based on first predicting a magnetic field through a standard finite volume solver, and then correcting this field through the appropriate use of a magnetic vector potential. In this work we develop a constrained transport method for the 3D ideal MHD equations that is based on a high-resolution wave propagation scheme. Our proposed scheme is the 3D extension of the 2D scheme developed by Rossmanith [J.A. Rossmanith, An unstaggered, high-resolution constrained transport method for magnetohydrodynamic flows, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28 (2006) 1766], and is based on the high-resolution wave propagation method of Langseth and LeVeque [J.O. Langseth, R.J. LeVeque, A wave propagation method for threedimensional hyperbolic conservation laws, J. Comput. Phys. 165 (2000) 126]. In particular, in our extension we take great care to maintain the three most important properties of the 2D scheme: (1) all quantities, including all components of the magnetic field and magnetic potential, are treated as cell-centered; (2) we develop a high-resolution wave propagation scheme for evolving the magnetic potential; and (3) we develop a wave limiting approach that is applied during the vector potential evolution, which controls unphysical oscillations in the magnetic field. One of the key numerical difficulties that is novel to 3D is that the transport equation that must be solved for the magnetic vector potential is only weakly hyperbolic. In presenting our numerical algorithm we describe how to numerically handle this problem of weak hyperbolicity, as well as how to choose an appropriate gauge condition. The resulting scheme is applied to several numerical test cases.     

A robust numerical scheme for highly compressible magnetohydrodynamics: Nonlinear stability,implementation and tests

The ideal MHD equations are a central model in astrophysics, and their solution relies upon stable numerical schemes. We present an implementation of a new method, which possesses excellent stability properties. Numerical tests demonstrate that the theoretical stability properties are valid in practice with negligible compromises to accuracy. The result is a highly robust scheme with state-of-the-art efficiency. The scheme’s robustness is due to entropy stability, positivity and properly discretised Powell terms. The implementation takes the form of a modification of the MHD module in the FLASH code, an adaptive mesh refinement code. We compare the new scheme with the standard FLASH implementation for MHD. Results show comparable accuracy to standard FLASH with the Roe solver, but highly improved efficiency and stability, particularly for high Mach number flows and low plasma β. The tests include 1D shock tubes, 2D instabilities and highly supersonic, 3D turbulence. We consider turbulent flows with RMS sonic Mach numbers up to 10, typical of gas flows in the interstellar medium. We investigate both strong initial magnetic fields and magnetic field amplification by the turbulent dynamo from extremely high plasma β. The energy spectra show a reasonable decrease in dissipation with grid refinement, and at a resolution of 512³ grid cells we identify a narrow inertial range with the expected power law scaling. The turbulent dynamo exhibits exponential growth of magnetic pressure, with the growth rate higher from solenoidal forcing than from compressive forcing. Two versions of the new scheme are presented, using relaxation-based 3-wave and 5-wave approximate Riemann solvers, respectively. The 5-wave solver is more accurate in some cases, and its computational cost is close to the 3-wave solver.     

Metriplectic framework for dissipative magneto-hydrodynamics

The metriplectic framework, which allows for the formulation of an algebraic structure for dissipative systems, is applied to visco-resistive Magneto-Hydrodynamics (MHD), adapting what had already been done for non-ideal Hydrodynamics (HD). The result is obtained by extending the HD symmetric bracket and free energy to include magnetic field dynamics and resistive dissipation. The correct equations of motion are obtained once one of the Casimirs of the Poisson bracket for ideal MHD is identified with the total thermodynamic entropy of the plasma. The metriplectic framework of MHD is shown to be invariant under the Galileo Group. The metriplectic structure also permits us to obtain the asymptotic equilibria toward which the dynamics of the system evolves. This scheme is finally adapted to the two-dimensional incompressible resistive MHD, that is of major use in many applications.     

双曲型方程无振荡选取(NOS)有限差分格式

从几何观点解释了双曲型方程差分格式的TVD条件,导出了常用二阶差分格式的无振荡条件,发展了一种具有时空三阶精度的无振荡选取NOS差分格式.从单个双曲型方程的一些典型算例,显示了该格式高精度、无振荡和逻辑简单的特点,并能有效避免通常使用维数分裂法向二维推广时带来的空间耗散不对称性.     

A High-Order WENO Finite Difference Scheme for the Equations of Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics

We present a high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite difference scheme for solving the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). This scheme is a direct extension of a WENO scheme, which has been successfully applied to hydrodynamic problems. The WENO scheme follows the same idea of an essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) scheme with an advantage of achieving higher-order accuracy with fewer computations. Both ENO and WENO can be easily applied to two and three spatial dimensions by evaluating the fluxes dimension-by-dimension. Details of the WENO scheme as well as the construction of a suitable eigen-system, which can properly decompose various families of MHD waves and handle the degenerate situations, are presented. Numerical results are shown to perform well for the one-dimensional Brio–Wu Riemann problems, the two-dimensional Kelvin–Helmholtz instability problems, and the two-dimensional Orszag–Tang MHD vortex system. They also demonstrate the importance of maintaining the divergence free condition for the magnetic field in achieving numerical stability. The tests also show the advantages of using the higher-order scheme. The new 5th-order WENO MHD code can attain an accuracy comparable with that of the second-order schemes with many fewer grid points.     

An exponential compact difference scheme for solving 2D steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) duct flow problems

In this article, an exponential high-order compact (EHOC) difference scheme on the nine-point stencil is developed for the solution of the coupled equations representing the steady incompressible, viscous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow through a straight channel of rectangular section. A key property of the EHOC scheme is that it has excellent stability and higher accuracy so that the high gradients near the boundary layer areas can be effectively resolved without refining the mesh. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the performance of the currently proposed scheme. Computation results of the MHD flow in the 2D square-channel problems with different wall conductivities are presented for Hartmann numbers ranging from 10 to 10⁶. The numerical solutions obtained with the newly developed EHOC scheme are also compared with analytic solutions and numerical results by other available methods in the literature.