[1ChCl∶2EG]/CrCl3·6H2O离子液体中Cr(Ⅲ)配合物的研究

利用电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)分析,研究了CrCl₃·6H₂O 浓度为0.1～0.6 mol·L-1的水溶液和[1ChCl∶2EG]/CrCl₃·6H₂O ILs中,Cr(Ⅲ)配合物的存在形式。研究结果表明,在含有CrCl₃·6H₂O的溶液中,Cr(Ⅲ)与Cl-和H₂O形成[Cr(H₂O)_nCl_6-n]n-3配合物,其配合物的优势物种受CrCl₃·6H₂O浓度的影响。水溶液中Cr(Ⅲ) 的优势配合物为[Cr(H₂O)₆]3+与[Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]2+,并随CrCl₃·6H₂O浓度增加,水溶液的UV-Vis吸收光谱峰红移,[Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]2+的相对含量增加。而[1ChCl∶2EG]/CrCl₃·6H₂O ILs中的优势配合物为[Cr(H₂O)₂Cl₄]-和[Cr(H₂O)₃Cl₃],且随CrCl₃·6H₂O 浓度增加,溶液的颜色从浅橙红色逐渐变为深绿色,溶液的UV-Vis吸收光谱峰蓝移,[Cr(H₂O)₃Cl₃]的相对量增加。说明CrCl₃·6H₂O的浓度变化,将影响配体Cl-和H₂O与Cr(Ⅲ)配位结合的配位数,从而影响配合物优势物种的相对量。     

以新型原子距边矢量ν估计和预测烷烃核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)化学位移(CSC)

系统研究了核磁共振碳谱与化学位移和规律,以及分子拓扑指数在定量[结]构[波]谱关系（QSSR）中的应用. 本文基于分子路径长度矢量p=（P₁, P₂, P, …, P_m）与分子中原子相互作用, 提出了一种新型原子距边矢量并发现它与烷烃¹³C NMR 化学位移有良好线性相关性, 回归方程及其统计参数为: CSC=aν+ap₃=∑^m_j=0a_jν_j+a₁₀p₃=a₀(ν₀₌₁)+a₁ν₁+a₂ν₂+a₃ν₃+a₄ν₄+bP₃, R>0.990, EV=94.5%, RMS<0.772, F=49.069-3513.18, 结果良好.     

新型双色有机电致磷光器件

所研究的有机电致磷光发光器件(OLED)选用了一种新型金属铱的化合物Ir(C6)₂(acac),这种金属化合物由配位体香豆素C6和乙酰丙酮(acac)与金属铱化合形成。Ir(C6)₂(acac)可同时作为电子传输材料和发光掺杂剂。比较香豆素C6和Ir(C6)₂(acac)固体材料的光致发光谱,可见Ir(C6)₂(acac)明显抑制了有机电致发光材料分子与分子之间的发光猝灭效应。采用ITO/TPD(N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methyl-phenyl)-1,1′biphenyl-4,4′diamine)/Ir(C6)₂(acac)/BAlq(bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato-N₁,O₈)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-olato)aluminum)/Alq₃aluminum/Liq(8-hydroxyquinolinelithium)/Al结构,可得到CIE(Commission Interationaled′Eclairage)值为x=0.43;y=0.40的橙红色发光器件,最高亮度可达3390cd/m₂,最大电流效率为1.3cd/A。采用同样的器件结构以Ir(C6)₂(acac)掺杂Alq₃主体得到绿色发光器件,发光色的CIE坐标值为x=0.29;y=0.58,最高亮度可达8832cd/m₂,最大电流效率为5.6cd/A。器件的发光机理研究表明Ir(C6)₂(acac)的非掺杂器件发光以Ir(C6)₂(acac)的三线态磷光为主,器件发光为橙色;在Alq₃中的单掺杂器件以Alq₃和Ir(C6)₂(acac)的荧光为主,同时有小比例Ir(C6)₂(acac)的三线态磷光成分存在,器件总体发光为绿色。     

以新型分子距边矢量ν估计和预测烷烃核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)化学位移和(CSS)

系统研究了核磁共振碳谱与化学位移和规律,以及分子拓扑指数在定量[结]构[波]谱关系（QSSR）中的应用.本文基于矢量路径长度矢量p=（P₁, P₂, P₃,…, P_m）与分子中原子相互作用,提出了一种新型分子距边矢量并发现它与烷烃¹³C NMR 化学位移和有良好线性相关性, 回归方程及其统计参数为:
CSS=bν+p₃=Σ^m_j=0b_jν_j+b₁₀p₃=b₀ν+b₁ν₁+b₂ν₂+b₃ν₃+b₄ν₄+b₅ν₅+b₆ν₆+b₇ν₇+b₈ν₈+b₉ν9_ν+b₁₀P₃ =-13.6011+22.2133 ν₁+28.4121 ν₂+25.9416 ν₃+26.6709 ν₄+14.4976 ν₅+5.7240 ν₆-5.3830 ν₇-3.2152 ν₈-15.0213 ν₉-25.7099 ν₁₀+12.2786P₃ (n=63, R=0.9970, EV=99.68%, RMS=3.7348, F=2418.2; 交互校验CV为: R=0.9893, EV=98.83%, RMS=7.1261, F=664.046); 结果良好.     

光促进温和条件非贵金属催化下卤代烃与二氧化碳的羰基化反应及ESR谱研究

研究了卤代烃在光促进温和条件（常温常压）非贵金属[Co(acac)₂,Co(OAc)₂或CoCl₂]催化下与二氧化碳的羰基化反应；同时对反应过程中的ESR谱进行了研究. ESR谱研究表明，在光促进下二氧化碳参与的羰基化反应中有二氧化碳游离基负离子（CO^·-₂）[用DMPO（5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物）捕获］生成.     

SrSnO3纳米粒子的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸锶[Sr（NO₃）₂]和结晶四氯化锡（SnCI₄·5H₂O）为原料,有机碱四甲基氢氧化铵[N（CH₃）₄OH]为矿化剂,采用共沉淀法制备SrSnO₃纳米粒子。用XRD和IR对样品的物相和结构进行表征,并研究了对亚甲基蓝废水的光催化降解性能。结果表明:用该法在500℃煅烧1h时制备的纯立方相SrSnO₃纳米晶粒在可见光照下具有良好的光催化性能。催化剂浓度为60mg/L,反应时间为100min时,降解率可达94%。     

Ni75Cr25-xAlx合金中L12相和D022相形核孕育期的微观相场模拟

基于微观相场动力学模型,运用原子图像、平均长程序参数和平均成分偏离序参数,研究了Al浓度对Ni₇₅Cr_25-xAl_x合金中L1₂相和D0₂₂相形核孕育期的影响以及孕育期与沉淀相析出顺序之间的关系.结果表明,L1₂相和D0₂₂相的形核孕育期不仅与Al浓度有关,而且与两相析出的先后顺序密切相关.当Al浓度小于7.5%时,先析出相为D0₂₂相,随着Al浓度的增大,D0₂₂相形核孕育期延长,后析出的L1₂相的形核孕育期也延长,L1₂相的原子簇?聚?速度加快;当Al浓度大于7.5%时,先析出相为L1₂相,随着Al浓度的增大,L1₂相的形核孕育期缩短,后析出的D0₂₂相形核孕育期也缩短.当Al浓度为7.5%时,L1₂相和D0₂₂相几乎同时析出,两者的孕育期没有明显的差别. 关键词： 形核孕育期 序参数 沉淀 微观相场模拟     

原位低场核磁共振弛豫法定量监测光催化Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应

本文利用原位低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）技术在真实固液反应环境中对光催化还原Cr（Ⅵ）反应进行了定量研究,并对Ag纳米颗粒负载量不同的Ag担载石墨相氮化碳复合光催化剂（Ag/g-C₃N₄）在可见光照射下催化Cr（Ⅵ）还原为Cr（Ⅲ）的性能进行了研究.研究发现,Ag纳米颗粒负载（负载量分别为1 wt.%、2 wt.%、5 wt.%和10 wt.%）可以有效提高g-C₃N₄的光催化性能;且负载量为5 wt.%时光催化性能最优,为无Ag负载的g-C₃N₄的4倍.此外,本文还通过横向弛豫时间（T₂）定量分析了反应体系中顺磁性Cr（Ⅲ）离子的浓度,证实了采用LF-NMR弛豫法评价光催化Cr（Ⅵ）还原反应性能的可行性.     

化合物(Et4N)2[Pd2(mp)2(μ-mpH)2]的NMR研究

采用¹H-¹H COSY,HMQC、HMBC等2D NMR技术对化合物(Et₄N)₂[Pd₂(mp)₂(μ-mpH)₂]进行¹H、¹³C NMR谱数据分析与归属,表明它在DMSO溶液中仍保持原有固体状态的分子结构.     

基于咔唑-靛红双-硫代碳酰腙衍生物的NMR研究

采用多种核磁共振（NMR）技术（包括¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC、¹H-¹³C HMBC），对基于咔唑-靛红双-硫代碳酰腙新型衍生物2，即1-[（3Z）-2-氧代吲哚-3-亚基]-5-[（9-己基-3-咔唑基）亚基]硫代碳酰腙的¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了全归属，确定了其结构．     

A novel terbium composite nanoparticles: Preparation and selective fluorescence determination of chromium(VI)

A highly efficient ultrasonic-assisted method was successfully applied to prepare the strong fluorescence Tb/acetyl acetone (acac)/poly (2-Acrylamidoglycolic acid monohydrate) (PAAM) composite nanoparticles. Based on the fluorescence quenching of Tb/acac/PAAM by Cr(VI), an assay for the selective determination of Cr(VI), without separation of Cr(III), was developed. It is characteristic of very few interferences, stable fluorescence signals (at least 2 h), simple instrument (common spectrofluorometer) and simple step. Under optimal experimental conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the system is linearly proportional to the concentration of Cr(VI) in concentration range of 5-800 ng mL⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983. The limit of detection was found to be 0.5 ng mL⁻¹.The proposed method has been applied to the selective quantification of Cr(VI) in synthetic samples with satisfactory results.     

Microwave-assisted digestion for trace elements analysis of tree nut oil: evaluation of residual carbon content

Abstract

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer method for estimating trace elements in tree nut oils has been developed which employs microwave digestion equipped with high pressure subassembly. Residual carbon content and residual acidity were determined to evaluate the efficiency of digestion. The best digestion efficiency was obtained using Easyprep? system with 0.5?g of oil, 4?mL concentrated nitric acid, and 2?mL hydrogen peroxide, and a final temperature of 235?°C. Residual carbon content and residual acidity were estimated as 1.7% (corresponding to 852?mg L^?1 of carbon in sample solution) and 7.5%, respectively, and recovery values ranged from 90.7% to 107.7%. Whereas, only 0.2?g of oil could be digested through conventional microwave system with 5?mL concentrated nitric acid and 2?mL hydrogen peroxide at 205?°C (residual carbon content?=?3.2%). The developed method has been applied to determine nine trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in different categories of tree nut oils, and high content of Fe, Mn, and Zn were found in some of those oils. To the best of our knowledge, the present investigation is the first attempt to analyze trace elements in different categories of tree nut oils consumed in China.     

壳聚糖富集-火焰原子吸收法测定痕量银

研究了天然高分子吸附剂-壳聚糖对银离子的吸附行为以及在不同pH值、干扰离子存在时对壳聚糖吸附银离子的影响,通过选择最佳吸附条件,建立了壳聚糖富集-火焰原子吸收法测定银的方法。当溶液pH 6.0、流速为1 mL·min-1时,吸附率最高,达96.7%,静态饱和吸附量为97.8 mg·g-1。用1 mol·L-1 H₂SO₄作为洗脱剂,洗脱效果最好。壳聚糖不吸附K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,富集时可与被测银离子分离,不干扰测定。100 mg·mL-1的Al3+,Cr3+,80 mg·mL-1的Ni2+,Cu2+,Pb2+,Zn2+虽然可被壳聚糖吸附, 但不干扰测定。用此方法对实验室含银(1.83 μg·mL-1)废水中的Ag进行测定,回收率为94.3%。     

非平衡磁控溅射法制备的Cr-DLC薄膜真空退火的Raman光谱研究

利用非平衡磁控溅射法制得厚度达到2.23 μm的掺铬含氢类金刚石(Cr-DLC)碳膜。采用Raman光谱和XPS对制得的薄膜进行了结构和热稳定性等表征。结果表明：室温时,薄膜在1 544 cm-1附近的Raman“G”峰归属于石墨结构中C—C键的伸缩振动,即E_2g 模式;而1 367 cm-1附近的“D”峰归属于sp2碳环的“呼吸”振动模式,即A_1g模式;计算得到薄膜sp3键的相对含量约为48at.%。加热至300 ℃,薄膜的Raman谱图与室温时相似,表明此温度段薄膜的结构稳定,未发生明显改变;至400 ℃时,I_D/I_G值迅速增大,sp2键含量升高, 表明此时DLC膜发生了明显的结构变化,开始发生石墨化。继续升温,膜中I_D/I_G比率增加,“G”峰位向高波数方向位移,表明 sp2/sp3比率逐渐增大,薄膜石墨化程度加强,sp2键的无序度逐渐降低,最终导致薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损率等逐渐增大, 热稳定性逐渐降低。退火600 ℃时,I_D/I_G值以及sp2键含量达到最大值,DLC薄膜失效。     

地球化学样品中有机碳的光谱分析

有机碳已成为多目标地球化学调查、土地质量地球化学调查等项目研究的必测指标,对有机碳的准确定量是地球化学调查工作的重要内容,准确测定有机碳含量具有重要意义。然而传统的重量法、容量法流程长、速度慢,已经不能满足大批量及快速测定地球化学样品的要求。采用稀盐酸去除样品中的无机碳,应用高频红外碳硫分析仪对不同类型地球化学样品中有机碳的测定进行了研究,着重从称样量、酸的选择、最佳浓度及用量、助熔剂的选择和最佳加入量进行对比实验,优化出适合分析地球化学样品中有机碳含量的条件,并采用国家一级地球化学标准物质建立校准曲线,建立盐酸预处理-红外吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中有机碳含量的分析方法。结果表明：陶瓷坩埚经1 200 ℃灼烧处理可以有效降低碳空白,减小对分析结果的影响;选择50.0～70.0 mg称样量,测试准确度高且样品熔融时不易喷溅;0.40～0.60 mL稀盐酸（1+7）除尽样品中的无机碳同时减少有机碳流失损失;0.40～0.50 g纯铁屑和1.50～1.70 g钨粒作为助熔剂,助熔效果稳定;采用国家一级地球化学标准物质建立校准曲线,校准曲线线性良好（R2=0.998 5）。该方法的检出限为69 μg·g-1,测定结果的相对标准偏差（RSD,n=12）均小于8%。经63个不同类型国家一级地球化学标准物质（土壤、岩石、水系沉积物）验证,测定结果与标准值相符。本方法操作简便,检出限低,灵敏度高,结果准确可靠,适用于地球化学样品中有机碳含量的测定。     

基于碳量子点荧光恢复的三聚氰胺测定方法

在碳量子点溶液中加入汞离子,量子点的荧光被猝灭,加入三聚氰胺后荧光恢复。据此,建立了基于碳量子点荧光恢复测定三聚氰胺的新方法并应用于实际样品的分析。研究结果表明,在汞离子和碳量子点浓度之比为15∶10000且碳量子点浓度为4.0 g/L、pH值为7.5的实验条件下,方法的线性范围为3.0~60.0mg/L,检出限(3σ/k)为2.2 mg/L。方法应用于实际样品测定时,其回收率为95%~103%。     

用三正辛胺-苯萃取分离体系-原子吸收光谱对铬作形态分析

研究了痕量铬形态分析的三正辛胺(TOA)-苯萃取分离体系-原子吸收光谱法。用三正辛胺(TOA)和苯在H₂SO₄介质中把水相中的Cr(Ⅵ)萃入到有机相而Cr(Ⅲ)留在水相中,使两种形态的Cr分离到两相中后对有机相的Cr(Ⅵ)和水相的Cr(Ⅲ)进行AAS测定,可求得Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的含量,该方法对实际水样加标回收率分别在95.0%～102% 和94.8%～103%之间,相对标准偏差分别为2.9%和2.6% ,体系对Cr(Ⅵ)有富集作用,对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的检出限分别为6.6 μg·L-1和0.20 mg·L-1,TOA对Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳萃取量为4.6 mg·mL-1,该法简单、快速、准确。     

Optimization of nickel adsorption from aqueous solution by using activated carbon prepared from waste apricot by chemical activation

Waste apricot supplied by Malatya apricot plant (Turkey) was activated by using chemical activation method and K₂CO₃ was chosen for this purpose. Activation temperature was varied over the temperature range of 400-900 °C and N₂ atmosphere was used with 10 °C/min heat rate. The maximum surface area (1214 m²/g) and micropore volume (0.355 cm³/g) were obtained at 900 °C, but activated carbon was predominantly microporous at 700 °C. The resulting activated carbons were used for removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution and adsorption properties have been investigated under various conditions such as pH, activation temperature, adsorbent dosage and nickel concentration. Adsorption parameters were determined by using Langmuir model. Optimal condition was determined as; pH 5, 0.7 g/10 ml adsorbent dosage, 10 mg/l Ni(II) concentration and 60 min contact time. The results indicate that the effective uptake of Ni(II) ions was obtained by activating the carbon at 900 °C.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饲料中的铬

强制性国家标准GB 13078—2001规定了饲料中铬的限量。文章针对饲料中铬含量测定的国家标准方法GB/T 13088—1991的不足,建立了火焰原子吸收分光光度(FAAS)法测定饲料中铬含量的分析方法。分别研究了不同的乙炔流量、燃烧器高度和干扰抑制剂氯化铵的添加量对三价铬[Cr(Ⅲ)]和六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]测定灵敏度的影响;比较了用Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)标准曲线测定饲料样品中铬的结果,两组测定的平均值经t检验,无显著性差异。FAAS法测定铬的灵敏度为0.014 μg·mL-1;检出限为0.70 mg·kg-1,标准添加回收率为94.4%～104.9%,同一样品重复测定(6～7次)的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.90%～4.08%。该方法与GB/T 13088—1991相比具有简便、快速、准确等优点,其检出限满足GB 13078—2001规定的饲料中铬的限量要求。     

Optimization of Thermal Stability of High-Density Polyethylene Composite Using Antioxidant,Carbon Black and Nanoclay Addition by a Central Composite Design Method: X-ray Diffraction and Rheological Characterization

The thermal stability of high-density polyethylene, as characterized by an Oxidation Induction Time (OIT) test in the presence of the three additives, antioxidant, carbon black and nanoclay, was investigated. The twenty experiments used were designed by using the Central Composite Design (CCD) method, and the effects of the main parameters and their interactions were analyzed. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the antioxidant, nanoclay and carbon black contents, the antioxidant-nanoclay interaction and the antioxidant-carbon black interaction, had significant effects on the thermal stability. By optimization of the percent compositions used, the best composition was obtained, 0.26%, 2.21% and 4.69% for antioxidant, carbon black and nanoclay, respectively, to achieve thermal stability equal to the targeted value of 60?minutes. X-ray diffraction confirmed a weak polymer-nanocaly interaction in the optimal sample structure. The rheology frequency sweep test showed an increase in the elastic and viscous modulus in the optimal sample relative to the control samples. The Melt Flow Index (MFI) test for an optimum sample showed a pseudo-plastic structure with the lowest melt flow index of 0.2614 g/10 min, which was consistent with the results of the complex viscosity, with the optimal sample having the highest value (128500?Pa.s). The density test indicated the most crystalline structure for the optimized sample, with the highest value (0.976?g/cm³) compared to the control samples (0.962 and 0.957?g/cm³ for the polyethylene/nanoclay and the polyethylene/carbon black sample, respectively).