金属-电介质-金属柔性结构增强荧光发射

增强荧光发射可以提高荧光检测灵敏度、提高LED的亮度,在提高发光器件性能方面具有重要意义.由于金属结构在增强局域场、增强荧光发射方面具有很好效果,而柔性电介质材料具有灵活的可弯曲性特性,本文提出一种由金属-电介质-金属(MDM)组成的柔性结构以增强荧光发射.利用时域有限差分方法系统研究了该结构对量子点定向发射增强的影响...     

掺镧锆锡钛酸铅陶瓷极化强度变化量对电子发射电流强度的影响

铁电阴极因其优异的电子发射性能在高功率微波管的电子束源、平板显示技术以及宇航推进器等领域 有着广阔应用前景而日益受到人们的重视.大量研究表明,铁电阴极电子发射性能受阴极材料性能的影响. 在激励电场作用下,铁电阴极材料会产生表面非屏蔽电荷而引起极化强度的变化, 这表明铁电阴极电子发射性能可能与阴极材料的极化强度变化量存在着某种关系. 为研究阴极材料极化强度变化量对铁电阴极电子发射性能的影响,以掺镧锆锡钛酸铅铁电和反铁电陶瓷样品 作为阴极材料,通过正半周电滞回线测试得到阴极材料在不同电场强度下的极化强度变化量, 测量得到电子发射电流强度随激励电场的变化曲线,并分析了电子发射电流强度与极化强度变化量的关系. 结果表明,两种样品电子发射电流强度与极化强度变化量正相关.     

红色LiM(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)BO_3∶Re~(3+)(Re=Eu,Sm)发光材料的特性

采用固相法制备了红色LiM(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)BO3∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm)发光材料,研究了材料的发光性能。研究发现LiM(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)BO3∶Eu3+材料呈现多峰发射,最强发射分别位于610,615,613 nm处,分别监测这三个最强峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于369,400,470 nm。LiM(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)BO3∶Sm3+材料也呈多峰发射,分别对应Sm3+的4G5/2→6H5/2、4G5/2→6H7/2和4G5/2→6H9/2跃迁发射;分别监测602,599,597 nm三个最强发射峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于374,405 nm。研究了激活剂浓度对材料发射强度的影响,结果随激活剂浓度的增大,发射强度先增强后减弱,即,存在浓度猝灭效应。实验表明,加入电荷补偿剂Li+、Na+或K+均可提高LiM(M=Ca,Sr,Ba)BO3∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm)材料的发射强度。     

金刚石薄膜及应用

 金刚石薄膜将成为新一代电子器件,探测遥远的热发射体,参与宇宙通信,研制激光武器和极大提高信息系统的性能所不可替代的新型信息材料。     

荧光体CaSO_4∶Eu的近紫外发光性质

CaSO4∶Eu是一种人们早已较为熟知的发光材料,由于其优异的热释发光特性而被广泛应用于辐射剂量学方面。近年来由于崭新的光致发光液晶显示模式的出现,人们又对其近紫外发射特性产生了极大兴趣。考察了CaSO4∶Eu的发光特性和材料的各种制备方法,以及制备条件对发光性能的影响,特别是对其近紫外发射性能的影响。实验表明,对于还原彻底、结晶良好的样品,激活剂Eu几乎全部以二价铕离子的形式存在,是一种很好的近紫外发射材料。该材料能被低压汞蒸气放电辐射有效激发,其发射带的峰值在386 nm附近,随Eu的掺杂浓度不同而略有差异,半峰全宽约为16 nm,基本满足了近紫外发射的要求,可应用于光致发光液晶显示器件的背照明光源中。     

红色长余辉材料Y_2O_2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、热释光测量等对材料的性能进行了表征。结果分析表明:Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)长余辉材料的最大荧光发射和余辉发射峰完全一致都位于627nm,产生红光发射,是典型的Eu3+离子的5D0-7F2跃迁。激发停止后,能够产生较好的余辉性能。碱土金属离子能够增强其荧光发射峰强度并对余辉性能有一定促进作用,其中以Mg2+最好,其次是Ba2+。     

表面微结构对碳化硅晶须掺杂石墨阴极爆炸电子发射性能的影响

爆炸发射阴极已广泛应用于高功率微波源,但常规场致爆炸发射阴极存在使用寿命短或电子发射不均匀的问题,改善阴极材料是解决这一问题的有效途径.本文将碳化硅晶须掺杂到石墨中制备得到阴极,从二极管电流波形上升沿和输出微波脉宽产生的变化着手,分析了碳化硅晶须掺杂石墨阴极表面材料成分和微观形貌对其电子发射性能的影响机理.研究发现,碳化硅晶须的存在,不仅有利于阴极场发射的快速启动、发射微点数目增多,还有利于降低等离子体膨胀速度、抑制脉冲缩短现象,使得输出微波脉宽增大.随着脉冲发射数量增多,碳化硅晶须掺杂石墨阴极表面被等离子体不断"抛光",微凸起形状因子减小、均匀性提高,场发射启动速度减慢,但输出微波脉宽增大.     

红色长余辉材料Y2O2S : Eu,Si,M 的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y₂O₂S : Eu, Si, M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、热释光测量等对材料的性能进行了表征。结果分析表明:Y₂O₂S : Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)长余辉材料的最大荧光发射和余辉发射峰完全一致都位于627 nm, 产生红光发射,是典型的Eu³⁺离子的⁵D₀-⁷F₂跃迁。激发停止后,能够产生较好的余辉性能。碱土金属离子能够增强其荧光发射峰强度并对余辉性能有一定促进作用,其中以Mg²⁺最好,其次是Ba²⁺。     

荧光体CaSO4：Eu的近紫外发光性质

CaSO₄:Eu是一种人们早已较为熟知的发光材料,由于其优异的热释发光特性而被广泛应用于辐射剂量学方面。近年来由于崭新的光致发光液晶显示模式的出现,人们又对其近紫外发射特性产生了极大兴趣。考察了CaSO₄:Eu的发光特性和材料的各种制备方法,以及制备条件对发光性能的影响,特别是对其近紫外发射性能的影响。实验表明,对于还原彻底、结晶良好的样品,激活剂Eu几乎全部以二价铕离子的形式存在,是一种很好的近紫外发射材料。该材料能被低压汞蒸气放电辐射有效激发,其发射带的峰值在386nm附近,随Eu的掺杂浓度不同而略有差异,半峰全宽约为16nm,基本满足了近紫外发射的要求,可应用于光致发光液晶显示器件的背照明光源中。     

基于多基因遗传规划的储层岩石静态模量预测

声发射技术作为一种动态无损检测手段,主要实现对材料产生的缺陷进行动态监测及损伤位置的预测。微机电系统声发射传感器在检测材料疲劳裂纹位置和扩展方向上应用广泛,实现其对材料裂纹的3-D动态位移检测,对于无损检测技术的发展具有重要意义。该文提出了一种新型3-D微机电系统声发射传感器,首先对3-D微机电系统声发射传感器进行了结构设计和性能分析,结构方面主要包括z方向响应传感单元和x、y方向响应传感单元设计;其次通过传感器的阻尼、谐振点处灵敏度计算,证明传感器的性能良好;最后采用有限元软件ANSYS对z方向响应传感单元做了模态和谐响应分析,x、y方向响应传感单元做了模态分析和谐响应分析,仿真结果与理论值吻合较好,验证了结构设计的合理性,对实现材料裂纹的三维动态检测具有一定的参考意义。     

铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电阴极电子发射特性

研究了铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电材料的铁电、介电性能对阴极发射阈值电压的影响, 以及铁电阴极发射电流与激励脉冲电压和抽取电压之间的关系, 并分析了其发射机理. 结果表明, 室温介电常数高、极化强度变化量大的弛豫铁电体0.9Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.1PbTiO₃具有较小的发射阈值电压; 铁电阴极电子发射与快极化反转和等离子体的形成有关; 由极化反转所致电子发射的自发射电流随激励脉冲电压的增大呈幂律增长关系, 其发射电流开始于激励脉冲电压的下降沿; 在抽取电压较大时, 发射电流随抽取电压的增大呈线性增长关系, 说明大电流主要取决于抽取电压; 其发射电流开始于激励脉冲电压的上升沿, 与“三介点”处的场增强效应和等离子体的形成有关; 当抽取电压为2500 V 时, 得到的发射电流幅值为210 A, 相应的电流密度为447 A/cm².     

Biological ferroelectricity uncovered in aortic walls by piezoresponse force microscopy

Many biological tissues are piezoelectric and pyroelectric with spontaneous polarization. Ferroelectricity, however, has not been reported in soft biological tissues yet. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, we discover that the porcine aortic walls are not only piezoelectric, but also ferroelectric, with the piezoelectric coefficient in the order of 1 pm/V and coercive voltage approximately 10 V. Through detailed switching spectroscopy mapping and relaxation studies, we also find that the polarization of the aortic walls is internally biased outward, and the inward polarization switched by a negative voltage is unstable, reversing spontaneously to the more stable outward orientation shortly after the switching voltage is removed. The discovery of ferroelectricity in soft biological tissues adds an important dimension to their biophysical properties, and could have physiological implications as well.     

无铅铁电陶瓷电子发射性能

 铁电阴极材料，作为一种新型的功能材料，以其高的发射电流密度等优点而受到重视。鉴于目前研究的铁电阴极材料多局限于锆钛酸铅等含铅材料，作者采用无铅铁电陶瓷Na₁/2Bi_1/2TiO₃-BaTiO₃(BNBT)，进行了电子发射实验，获得发射电流密度达20A/cm²。初步实验结果表明，与锆钛酸铅相比，钛酸铋钠发射电流密度略低但性能稳定性较好。作为无铅铁电阴极，BNBT仍然具有良好的研究开发价值。     

Energy-resolved analysis of ferroelectric electron emission from TGS using emission electron microscopy

Ferroelectric electron emission arises when the spontaneous polarization of a ferroelectric is switched due to the application of an electric field. In order to study the origin of emission and the related emission mechanism, space-resolved emission electron microscopy has been employed. The integral energy distribution of the emitted electrons from triglycine-sulfate surfaces has been investigated using a cylindrical sector analyzer and an imaging retarding field analyzer. Space-resolved emission photography and energy distribution measurements were obtained, revealing the effect of ferroelectric switching on the electric field distribution and hence on the emission process. Evidence of secondary electron emission from the metal electrodes has been found.     

Low-voltage pulse exciting electron emission from ferroelectric copolymer film cathode: Role of film thickness and emission stability

Ferroelectric copolymer thin films P(VDF-TrFE) are used as a ferroelectric cathode for investigation of their electron emission properties. This ferroelectric copolymer films with different thicknesses are deposited by spin-coating method, and then the annealing process is carried out to improve the crystallinities of as-deposited copolymer films. The measurement results of ferroelectric electron emission showed that the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) films had a desired ferroelectric electron emission ability excited at low-voltage pulse, and its peak emission current can reach to be ∼1.3 μA when the pulse voltage is 280 V. In addition, the effect of film thickness on electron emission property and emission stability of copolymer thin film P(VDF-TrFE) are discussed.     

Nonlinear piezoelectricity in epitaxial ferroelectrics at high electric fields

Nonlinear effects in the coupling of polarization with elastic strain have been predicted to occur in ferroelectric materials subjected to high electric fields. Such predictions are tested here for a PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ferroelectric thin film at electric fields in the range of several hundred MV/m and strains reaching up to 2.7%. The piezoelectric strain exceeds predictions based on constant piezoelectric coefficients at electric fields from approximately 200 to 400 MV/m, which is consistent with a nonlinear effect predicted to occur at corresponding piezoelectric distortions.     

铁电阴极制备与性能实验研究

 讨论了不同发射机理对铁电阴极材料性能的要求，对PZT（锆钛酸铅）系铁电陶瓷工艺过程中的关键步骤进行了研究。通过掺杂改性和改进预烧条件等手段，有效地改善了材料的性能参数，制备出相对介电常数大于3 000的弛豫相铁电陶瓷和压电常数大于500×10^-12C/N的铁电相铁电陶瓷。在初步的发射实验中，使用改进工艺后的PLZT8/65/35制备的铁电阴极，触发脉冲5.4 kV时，获得的发射电子电流密度达到800 A/cm^{2/sup>，远大于C-L定律计算的发射电流。}     

铁电阴极材料压电系数在电子发射过程中的实验规律

 作为一种新型功能材料，铁电阴极材料的研究日益受人们重视。对铁电材料进行电子发射试验时，偶然观测到材料压电系数随着电子发射次数的增多，其数值大小渐次先由高降低至零，然后又开始反向增大并逐渐稳定于某一绝对值,该绝对值略小于预极化初始值，而在这变化过程中，材料的电子发射电流密度基本恒定。对此进行重复验证以及系统考察发现，压电系数的这种变化规律，为铁电材料电子发射时所普遍遵循，这为铁电电子发射的机理研究探索又提供了一种新的实验现象。     

Potential distribution in ferroelectric ceramic during pulsed exoelectron emission

The potential and polarization distributions in a planar emitting layer of PLZT-9/65/35 ferroelectric ceramic with a set of conductive strip electrodes on the emitting side and a continuous electrode on the opposite side are studied by numerical methods. The state arising immediately after polarization switching at the leading edge of an applied voltage pulse (i.e., before the polarization charges are screened by free charges) is considered. When the pulsed field strength far exceeds the double coercive field, regions with alternating polarization are found to form in the surface layer between the strips. The normal component of the polarization at its maxima is close to saturation. The electric field on both sides of the surface varies as the polarization vector and reaches 200 kV/cm. At surface microirregularities, the electric field strength is much higher. This means that field emission is responsible for electron escape from the ferroelectric ceramic during pulsed polarization switching.