共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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流场的结构对于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的水管理和气体的传递具有十分重要的影响,相关研究一直是燃料电池的研究热点与重点。本文以纯氧气和空气作为阴极氧化剂,通过电池的性能测试、极化曲线和电化学阻抗分析等原位实验,分析了气体的流动与传输、不同流场下的电流密度、入口反应气体浓度等条件对电池性能的影响。实验结果表明,提高氧气浓度可以获得更好的质子交换膜燃料电池性能和最小化活化损失,纯氧气、波状流场的使用效果随进气量的变化而有明显的变化。 相似文献
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在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的阴极流道中安装阻块可以强化氧气传输,提升电池性能,但不同位置的阻块高度对电池性能的影响程度不同。本文建立了一个三维、两相、稳态的PEMFC数值模型,对阴极流道安装有阻块的PEMFC进行了数值模拟,并结合全因子设计法研究了不同位置的阻块高度对电池性能的影响程度。此外,基于敏度分析结果,采用遗传算法对阻块高度进行了优化。结果表明:越靠近出口位置的阻块,其高度变化对低电压下的电池功率的影响程度越大。增加靠近出口位置的阻块高度可以促进催化层反应物的均匀分布,提高催化剂的利用率,最大程度地提升电池性能。当组块高度H1和高度增量ΔH分别为0.9537 mm和0.009 mm时,PEMFC性能最佳,与未安装阻块相比,电池最大净功率提高了18.45%。 相似文献
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直接甲醇燃料电池阴极水淹过程实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对自制可视化直接甲醇燃料电池单体阴极流场内液滴生长特性、氧气流量和氧气进气温度对流场水淹及电池性能的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明:平行流场中首个液滴大多在流场右上区域冒出;流场中新液滴的出现具有瞬间涌出特性,并优先在流场板和扩散层交界的夹角处及扩散层表面碳纤维束交叉处产生;液滴生长过程具有非连续性,与流道边壁相接触的液滴和液柱的生长速度均大于未接触流道边壁的液滴生长速度,而且液柱有逆气流方向反向生长现象.氧气流量及氧气进气温度的升高,均导致阴极流道内液态水和流场中大液滴数量及形成液柱的长度减少,促使电池性能提高. 相似文献
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本文对燃气轮机的简单循环、开环和半闭环系统,分别以空气和CO2作为工质、纯氧为氧化物、天然气为燃料时的热力循环过程,在喷水及不喷水条件下,利用自行设计的分析软件进行了较为系统的数值分析和性能评估,详尽分析了喷水量对使用空气或CO2作为工质的半闭环燃气轮机循环的影响,揭示了适量喷水有助于提高循环效率和输出功率的客观规律,为研制CO2零排放的高效燃气轮机装置奠定了坚实的理论基础. 相似文献
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Recently, the requirements for cellular phones, portable computers, and digital cameras have increased dramatically. A portable electric power supply with long duration and high performance is needed for these products. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can meet these requirements and becomes one of the best candidates for a portable power source. It is impossible to install an extra humidifier into small-scale portable electric products for PEMFC water management. This article presents a series of experiments to investigate the performance of a single PEMFC. The effects of different operating conditions on cell performance, including the temperature, pressure, and inlet fuel/oxidant flow rate, are discussed. The test results confirm the positive effect of these parameters on cell performance and power output. The interaction effect of temperature--flow rate is related to the cell humidity, and is important for cell performance. The dry-out problem for a PEMFC is also significantly revealed in the experiments for higher cell temperature and flow rate. Current experimental results can provide useful information for investigating the cell performance and its operating effects under dry fuel/oxidant flow conditions and as a benchmark for simulation work in future studies. 相似文献
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Fernanda T. da Silva Vicenti A. Dalmazzo Márcia R. Becker Michèle O. de Souza Roberto F. de Souza Emilse M. A. Martini 《Ionics》2014,20(3):381-388
PtNi/C electrocatalysts were synthesised by borohydride method on functionalised carbon support. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and both cyclic and linear voltammetry were employed to characterise the composition, crystalline structure, morphology and catalytic properties of the PtNi/C electrocatalysts. Different Ni proportions in the PtNi/C electrocatalysts were evaluated in the cathode or anode in a H2/air proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) by polarisation curves. PtNi particles uniformly dispersed with different proportions of metals obtained. The increase of Ni proportion in the electrocatalyst led to materials with higher mass activity values toward the oxygen reduction reaction and a greater electrochemical-active surface area. PtNi/C electrocatalysts in the cathode presented higher mass activity values at high potential in the PEMFC. The best PEMFC performance was obtained with PtNi 13 at.% Ni (cathode) and Pt/C (anode) relative to the Pt/C (cathode and anode) with identical Pt loadings. PtNi/C electrocatalysts in PEMFC may be used as an alternative to Pt/C electrocatalyst. 相似文献
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Jing Hua Liu 《Applied Surface Science》2006,252(7):2580-2587
A series of Pt based and non-Pt catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) have been evaluated towards oxygen reduction, by high-throughput optical screening. Fluorescein was first used as pH indicator for detecting pH change of the electrolyte in the vicinity of cathode caused by oxygen reduction. Arrays of catalyst spot comprised of binary catalysts and pure Pt were prepared by using robotic micro-dispenser. The analysis of fluorescence images has showed that some of Pt based catalysts including PtBi, PtCu, PtSe, PtTe and PtIr, as well as RuFe, as a non-Pt catalyst, exhibited higher activities and methanol tolerance than pure Pt. Moreover, acceptable stability of these catalysts at high potential in acid environment suits them to the requirements of cathode catalyst in PEMFC or DMFC. 相似文献
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S. Kokkaliaris S. N. Gordeev P. A. J. de Groot R. Gagnon L. Taillefer P. F. Henry M. T. Weller 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》1999,320(3-4):161-166
We have investigated the second magnetization peak in pure YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals with various oxygen contents (6.91<7−δ<6.97) and degrees of oxygen vacancy ordering, as achieved by low (1 bar) and high (100 bar) oxygen pressure annealing. Although the position of the peak changes drastically with oxygen stoichiometry, no dependence on the distribution of oxygen vacancies has been found for temperatures below 70 K. For T>70 K, however, ordering effects become important as demonstrated by the disappearance of the peak for the high pressure annealed samples. These results suggest that while at low temperatures, pinning of the vortex system by clusters or a more homogeneous distribution of oxygen vacancies is similar, at elevated T, the former are much stronger pinning sites leading to larger hysteresis and the presence of the peak. 相似文献
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用扭摆法测出钼的晶界内耗峯,频率约为1周/秒,峯温在1020℃附近,渗氧或渗碳可使晶界峯消失,但在较低温度出现合金晶界峯:氧峯在890℃附近;碳峯在925℃附近。由于钼单晶的内耗曲线上没有出现这些峯,故可认为都是晶界弛豫引起,如果试样中同时有氧和碳,又在960℃和985℃附近出现两个合金晶界峯,用改变频率方法求得各峯激活能,其相对大小与各峯的峯温次序相同,即氧晶界峯的激活能最小(80千卡/克分子);碳晶界峯次之(98千卡/克分子);纯钼晶界峯最大(119千卡/克分子);其他两个峯激活能略小于纯钼晶界峯。配合了断口金相试验,观察到当有氧峯出现时断口晶界面上有黑色氧化物沉淀粒子;当有碳峯出现时,晶界面上有羽毛状碳化物;当试样中同时有氧和碳存在时,也即当内耗曲线上出现960℃和985℃交互作用峯时,晶界面上有大量的有黑圈的白色沉淀物。从以上结果我们对少量间隙杂质在钼的晶界脆性中所起作用,特别是氧和碳同时存在时能起改善脆性的作用提出了一种看法。 相似文献
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采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,在Si(100)衬底上制备出高度c轴取向的ZnO薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)谱,扫描电镜(SEM)和室温光致发光(PL)光谱的测量,研究了生长气氛压强的改变对薄膜结构和光致发光的影响。实验结果表明,当氧压从10Pa升高到100Pa时ZnO(002)衍射峰的半峰全宽(FWHM)增大。可以认为这是由于较高的氧压下,到达衬底表面的离子动能减小。这样部分离子没有足够的能量迁移到生长较快的(002)面,c轴取向变差,导致(002)衍射峰的强度降低,半峰全宽增大。随着氧压增大,紫外发光强度增强。这可能是氧压变大,薄膜的化学配比升高,说明化学配比对UV发光的影响要大于薄膜微结构的影响。改变氧气压强对薄膜的表面形貌也有较大的影响。 相似文献
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P.A. Atanasov A. Perea M. Jiménez de Castro J.A. Chaos J. Gonzalo C.N. Afonso J. Perrière 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(1):109-113
Optically active thin films on Si substrates have been produced by laser ablation of a Nd-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate
(Nd:KGW) single crystal. Films grown at low oxygen pressures (<0.6 mbar) are potassium-deficient and appear to be mainly disordered.
They show a poor photoluminescence (PL) performance that improves upon annealing in air at temperatures in the range 700–1000 °C.
Films grown at high oxygen pressure (1 mbar) show instead good stoichiometry and the presence of a dominant textured gadolinium-tungstate
phase compared to KGW. These films have low absorption, a refractive index close to that of bulk KGW and good PL performance,
the emission lifetimes being longer (τ>150 μs) under certain conditions than those measured in the single-crystal material.
Received: 25 July 2001 / Accepted: 26 July 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001 相似文献