共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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超音速蒸汽浸没射流凝结换热的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对入口压力为0.20~0.50 MPa的饱和蒸汽在20~70℃过冷水中超音速浸没射流凝结换热进行了实验研究.结果表明入口蒸汽压力和过冷水温度是影响汽羽形状的主要因素.分子动力学理论得到的凝结换热系数在0.16~1.91 MW/(m2·℃)之间,随着过冷水温度的增加而增加;湍流强度理论得到的凝结换热系数在0.68~1.68 MW/(m2·℃)之间,随着过冷水温度的增加基本不变;对流换热理论得到的凝结换热系数在1.47~2.11 MW/(m2·℃)之间,随着过冷水温度的增加先增大后减小. 相似文献
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在入口温度、压力不变的条件下,改变冷流比,分别对不同冷流比工况下的涡流管内温度分布进行了实验测试,同时对不同冷流比工况下的实验结果进行比较,研究表明:在同一轴向端面处,温度由轴心向壁面呈现不断增大的趋势,在壁面附近处达到最大值;在同一径向位置处,温度随着轴向位置的增大不断增大,在涡流室的轴心处,温度达到最低,而在热端出口的壁面处,温度达到最大。在冷流比为0.1563时,温度沿径向呈增大趋势,而在冷流比为0.7158时,温度沿径向呈现先降低后增大的趋势;在实验研究范围内,同一测点处,温度随冷流比的增大而增大。 相似文献
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超音速蒸汽浸没射流凝结汽羽形状的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对入口压力为0.20~0.50 MPa的饱和蒸汽在20~70 ℃过冷水中超音速浸没射流凝结所形成的汽羽的形状进行了实验研究.实验结果表明:根据汽羽膨胀的次数,汽羽形状主要有渐缩形、膨胀-收缩形、双膨胀-收缩形、收缩-膨胀-再收缩形和发散形五种;汽羽的穿透长度随着蒸汽入口压力的增大和过冷水温度的上升而逐渐增大;对于设计压比分别为0.318和0.113的喷嘴,汽羽的无量纲穿透长度分别在3.45~12.62和2.40~9.81之间,明显小于相同条件下音速蒸汽浸没射流凝结所形成的汽羽无量纲穿透长度.同时,在理论推导的基础上给出了计算汽羽无量纲穿透长度的实验关联式,其预测值与实验值误差小于18%. 相似文献
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宝石喷嘴是影响超高压水射流切割系统工作效率的重要部件,而宝石内部的空化直接影响射流的形成,也是宝石磨损的重要原因之一。对400 MPa压力范围内宝石孔内部的空化两相流进行了数值模拟,阐述了射流在宝石内的形成过程,分析了长径比、压力和入口形状对宝石内空化的影响,并在相应压力下对宝石喷嘴的磨损进行了实验研究。结果表明:宝石内部的空化发展程度随着长径比的增大而减弱;在一定的长径比范围内,空化可以发展到喷嘴出口,并最终使射流的初始直径小于喷嘴直径,且在此条件下当压力升高时,射流的初始直径增大;良好的入口形线可以降低空化的发展程度;宝石入口的磨损较出口更显著,空蚀和高压水的冲蚀造成了宝石孔边缘形状的破坏,这种破坏随着压力的升高而加剧,选择合适的长径比是减少冲蚀磨损的有效途径。 相似文献
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《工程热物理学报》2015,(11)
通过实验研究了矩形通道内蒸汽-空气混合气体与过冷水的直接接触凝结过程。通过可视化窗口,利用高速摄像机发现了蒸汽质量流率150~400 kg/(m~2s),水质量流率6000~8000 kg/(m~2s),水温30℃条件下的三种纯蒸汽凝结流型:泡状流、振荡射流和稳定射流。研究了空气质量分数对凝结流型、壁面温度分布和压力分布的影响,结果表明:随着空气含量的增加,蒸汽在汽液相界面上的凝结变得困难,泡状流和振荡射流的汽液相界面明显变长,稳定射流则变化不大,汽液混合层的厚度明显增加,蒸汽区尾部聚集大量的气泡。此外,随着空气含量的增加,上壁面的温度降低,压力升高,下壁面的温度和压力均升高,且压力峰值点远离蒸汽喷嘴出口,说明汽液相界面变长。 相似文献
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介绍了一种用于"阳"加速器的超音速单壳层喷气Z箍缩负载。利用快响应压力探针对喷气负载产生的超音速流场进行了测量,获得了流场中各个位置的冲击压力以及超音速喷嘴前端的驻室压力,结合流体力学公式,给出了流场中的压力和密度分布。气流的径向密度剖面显示,气体壳层的位置随轴向位置的变化而存在差异,并且随着到喷嘴距离的增加,轴心处的气流密度不断增加。对密度分布的径向积分结果表明,气流在靠近喷嘴处的线质量密度最大,距喷嘴越远,线质量密度越小。利用单壳层超音速喷气负载,在"阳"加速器上进行了喷气Z箍缩内爆实验,对内爆过程进行了初步分析,并利用雪耙模型计算了等离子体壳层的内爆轨迹,计算结果与实验测量较好地符合。 相似文献
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采用移动粒子半隐式(MPS)方法对静止过冷水中单个汽泡的凝结现象进行了数值模拟,研究了不同初始压力和初始直径时饱和蒸汽汽泡凝结过程,获得了凝结过程中汽泡形状、当量直径和压力的变化规律;汽泡初始压力为0.1~0.5MPa,初始直径为2mm、3mm和5mm;过冷水压力为0.1MPa,温度为70℃。结果表明两相界面不存在压差时,凝结过程中汽泡始终保持球形,汽泡当量直径逐渐减小,压力近似不变;相界面存在压差时,凝结过程中汽泡从球形逐渐变为心形、半月形,汽泡当量直径和压力会出现周期性振荡,且初始压力越大振荡幅度越大。 相似文献
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本文首先详细重演了锥形喷嘴的等效孔径deq, 并根据deq的定义给出了它与气体团簇喷流的径向宽度之间的依赖关系. 然后以高背压氩气团簇喷流为例, 通过成像喷流的Rayleigh 散射光的空间分布研究了不同背压下喷流的径向宽度, 并与Hagena 团簇尺度定律中直线流模型假设的喷流径向宽度进行了比较. 结果表明, Hagena 直线流模型假设的喷流径向宽度小于实际的径向宽度, 且实际宽度与气体背压有关. 进一步的研究表明, 直线流模型对喷流宽度的估计偏差导致对锥形喷嘴等效孔径的估计偏差, 这为Hagena 尺度定律估计团簇平均尺寸的偏差给出了一种可能的解释.
关键词:
气体团簇
Hagena尺寸定律
锥形喷嘴的等效孔径 相似文献
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A layer element method (LEM) is presented for analyzing frequency and group velocity dispersive behaviours of waves in a laminated composite cylinder surrounded by a fluid. The LEM applies finite elements to model the radial displacement of the cylinder and the radial pressure of the fluid, and complex exponentials to express the axial and circumferential displacements of the cylinder as well as the axial and tangential pressures of the fluid. The dispersive equation for the fluid-loaded cylinder follows from variational techniques. The frequency and group velocity dispersive relationships of the fluid-coupling cylinder are obtained by means of the Rayleigh quotient. Numerical results are given for hybrid laminated composite cylinders and cylindrical shells submerged in water. The addition of the fluid is proven to have considerable impact on the group velocity spectra of waves in laminated composite cylinders. 相似文献
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Continuous high-speed water jets are presently used in many industrial applications such as cutting of various materials, cleaning and removal of surface layers. However, there is still a need for further research to enhance the performance of pure water jets. An obvious method is to generate water jets at ultra-high pressures (currently up to 700 MPa). An alternate approach is to eliminate the need for such high pressures by pulsing of the jet. This follows from the fact that the impact pressure on a target generated by a slug of water is considerably higher than the stagnation pressure of a corresponding continuous jet. Ultrasonically forced modulation of a continuous stream of water represents the most promising method of pulsed jet generation because of its simplicity and practicality. A pulsed jet is generated by modulating a continuous stream of water by ultrasonic waves. A velocity transformer connected to a piezoelectric transducer is located axially inside a nozzle to induce longitudinal pulsations in the water. An extensive laboratory research program is in progress to understand the basic principles of the process and to optimize the nozzle design for several applications. The results reported in this paper show that the performance of such a pulsed jet is far superior to that of a continuous jet operating at the same parameters. Experimental results obtained with the ultrasonic vibration of a tip situated inside the nozzle indicate that using this technique one can achieve performance of the jet even order of magnitude higher in comparison to continuous jet at the same hydraulic parameters. Performance of ultrasonically modulated jets in cutting of various materials was tested in laboratory conditions. In this paper, results of measurement of dynamic pressure in the nozzle and force effects of modulated jets are presented together with results obtained in cutting of various materials using ultrasonically modulated water jets. The results are compared with those obtained with continuous jets at the same operating parameters. Potential of forced modulation of the jet in applications of cleaning, paint and coating removal from surfaces and concrete cutting in the process of repair of concrete structures is mentioned. 相似文献
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The process of hollow jet formation during steam outflow through a thin nozzle was studied; the water steam was initially at high pressure and in the supercritical state. The numerical solution for this problem was obtained with the sonicFoam solver library from the open-source CFD software package OpenFOAM in 2D axisymmetric formula-tion. The reliability of results is estimated by comparing two approaches for simulation of the dynamics of unloading wave propagating in the high-pressure nozzle using the OpenFOAM package with Peng?Robinson equation of state and numerical solution of a similar problem by method of through computation in the case of 1D planar approximation for perfect gas equation of state. 相似文献