Cr对Fe-Zr基非晶合金电阻率及压力效应的影响

 在0.000 1~2.5 GPa范围不同静水压下，用四探针法详细测量了七种非晶态Fe_90-xCr_xZr₁₀合金（x=2、4、7、10、13、16、20）的电阻率。结果表明：（1）常压室温电阻率ρ₀与FeZr基非晶合金中Cr含量成N形曲线关系；（2）当静水压增加时，七种非晶合金的约化电阻率（ρ/ρ₀）都单调下降，x越大则电阻率下降的幅度越小；（3）非晶Fe_90-xCr_xZr₁₀合金电阻率的压力系数对x的变化相当敏感；（4）为方便查值，给出了六种典型静水压下ρ/ρ₀与x的曲线关系。最后，讨论了四种物理模型的选用以及相干交换散射在高压下的行为。     

高压下Zr70Cu30非晶合金的热稳定性和晶化相的变化

 用电阻测量及X射线衍射法研究了非晶Zr₇₀Cu₃₀合金在常压和高压下热稳定性以及晶化相的变化。结果表明压力提高了这种非晶合金的晶化温度并明显地改变了合金中的相平衡关系。在2 GPa压力下，平衡相为Cu₁₀Zr₇和α-Zr的混合物，而常压下为CuZr₂和少量α-Zr的混合物。     

静高压下Al80Mn14Si6合金准晶相形成的研究

 本文首次研究了Al₈₀Mn₁₄Si₆合金在静高压下准晶相得形成。利用静高压熔态淬火方法，在压力2.8和3.1 GPa下得到淬火的Al-Mn-Si样品。电子和X射线衍射实验表明，高压淬火样品中含有准晶二十面体相和非晶相。X射线衍射实验还表明，高压淬火样品经350 ℃退火一小时基本上没有发生变化；而经过500 ℃退火一小时后，准晶相晶化为α-Al₇₃Si₁₀Mn₁₇相。另外，电子衍射实验表明，高压淬火后样品中还存在其它中间亚稳相。本文还讨论了静高压熔态淬火方法的适用性。     

非晶合金Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9的激波晶化及其特征

 研究了非晶合金Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉（FINEMET）的激波晶化。与退火晶化比较,激波晶化具有一系列鲜明特征,这些特征是固态下扩散性相变理论难以解释的,有深刻的物理内涵。     

高压截获十次准晶相关晶体相和纳米级超微粒

 对Al₇₀Co₁₅Ni₁₀Tb₅合金进行了静高压（7.0 GPa）熔态（1 700 ℃）淬火（冷却速率10²⁰ C/s）处理，首次观察到一个新十次准晶相关晶体相。该相属底心正交晶体，晶胞参数为a=2.28 nm、b＝1.60 nm、c＝5.46 nm。通过高分辨像分析，给出了它的二维点阵模型。同时在样品中发现了尺寸均匀的纳米级非晶超微粒形成，超微粒为球形，直径30~40 nm。     

静高压下非晶(Fe0.99,Mo0.01)78Si9B13合金晶化过程的热力学研究

 在600~930 K，常压到7 GPa的范围内，对非晶(Fe_0.99,Mo_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃合金等温等压退火30 min。实验表明：其晶化产物α-Fe(Mo, Si)、Fe₃B和Fe₂B相的析出与所加压力密切相关。压力使非晶(Fe_0.99,Mo_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃合金的晶化温度和亚稳Fe₃B相的析出温度下降，在一定的压力和温度下，亚稳Fe₃B相将向稳定Fe₂B相转变，其转变温度随压力而变化。还对非晶(Fe_0.99,Mo_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃合金的晶化和亚稳Fe₃B到稳定Fe₂B转变的热力学机制进行了讨论，并给出Fe₃B向Fe₂B的相转变方程。     

平面冲击波高速撞击下Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5大块非晶合金的损伤与断裂

 利用二级轻气炮研究了在平面冲击波高速撞击下，Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5大块非晶合金的损伤与断裂行为。实验结果表明：在高速冲击压缩下，大块非晶合金断裂面的角度小于通常压缩情况的角度，这是由高速撞击下材料极高的应变速率决定的；极高的应变速率变形和局域绝热剪切加热造成局部熔化；在温度和压力的共同作用下，非晶合金发生晶化现象。     

与Al发生扩散反应的非晶(Fe0.99Mo0.01)78Si9B13晶化

 高压下与Al发生扩散反应的非晶(Fe_0.99Mo_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃（FMSB）的晶化产物与纯FMSB的不同。与Al反应的FMSB非晶在3.0~5.0 GPa、780~900 K热处理时,晶化为α-Fe(Al)和次亚稳非晶合金;在这一压力范围以外,720~900 K热处理时,晶化为α-Fe(Si)、Fe₃B或Fe₂B。与Al发生反应的FMSB非晶可能通过与Al的扩散反应在Al/FMSB界面开始晶化。压力和温度对晶化过程的影响主要是由于α-Fe固溶体的Gibbs自由能随压力、温度和Al含量的变化。     

Fe40Ni40P12B8非晶合金的冲击晶化实验研究

 本文研究了Fe₄₀Ni₄₀P₁₂B₈非晶合金冲击波加载下的晶化行为，冲击波由二级轻气炮发射的告诉弹丸撞击靶产生。实验结果表明：Fe₄₀Ni₄₀P₁₂B₈非晶合金在冲击波加载下，晶化可在加载时间（微秒量级）内发生；晶化的阈值压力在30~50 GPa之间，相应的冲击温度约为510~800 K，晶化析出相与冲击压力有关，低压下析出相是面心立方γ-(Fe, Ni)固溶体和Fe₃(P_0.37B_0.63)化合物，高压下（大于60 GPa）析出相除了面心立方γ-(Fe, Ni)固溶体和Fe₃(P_0.37B_0.63)化合物之外，还包括(Fe, Ni)₃P化合物。     

非晶La80Al20晶化相的超导电性

 本文把非晶La₈₀Al₂₀在真空中、不同温度及其时间条件下进行退火，以及在6 GPa不同温度退火40 min，并对退火样品的相结构及超导性进行了研究。发现真空中，250 ℃退火的样品晶化成了T>4.2 K、不超导的单相四方La₄Al；300 ℃及450 ℃退火的样品晶化成La₃Al、α-La、β-La及一些未知杂相，这些多相混合物的T_C<6.0 K。在6 GPa 300 ℃及以下温度退火的样品，晶化成单相六角La₄Al，其晶格常数与六角La₃Al的完全相同，这些样品的T_C>5.1 K；6 GPa、350 ℃及以上温度退火的样品，晶化成La₃Al相及新未知相H，新相H的T_C约为6.3 K。     

Detailed study of ultra-soft magnetic properties of Fe74Cu0.8Nb2.7Si15.5B7

The magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe₇₄Cu_0.8Nb_2.7Si_15.5B₇ alloy, which were rapidly solidified and then annealed at various temperatures between 475 and 650°C for different holding time, have been studied. Grain size, silicon content and the lattice parameter of α-Fe(Si) nanograins at the annealing temperatures were determined. Curie temperature of the amorphous phase was determined from the temperature dependence of permeability. For higher annealing temperatures and times, some Si diffused out of the α-Fe(Si) phase and formed an ordered DO₃ phase of Fe₃Si. This changed the overall magnetostriction and average anisotropy of the matrix, which deteriorated the magnetic softness of the material at higher annealing temperatures. Ultra-soft magnetic properties were achieved by averaging the random anisotropy via exchange interaction. Hysteresis loops for samples in as-cast and annealed conditions have also been studied.     

非晶FeMoSiB合金机械晶化的动力学机制

 研究了非晶(Fe_0.99Mo_0.01)₇₈Si₉B₁₃（FMSB）合金的机械晶化过程和机制,并讨论了局域高压的作用。结果表明：非晶FMSB合金的晶化过程及其产物与球磨强度和球磨时间有密切关系,在低能球磨FMSB非晶过程中,晶化相只有α-Fe(Mo,Si)固溶体,而在高能球磨过程中,除了α-Fe(Mo,Si)固溶体结晶相之外,还分别有(Fe,Mo)₃B和Fe₂B相析出。其晶化机制可归因于由碰撞引起的局域高压和局域高温共同作用的结果。实验结果还表明,机械球磨不仅对非晶FMSB的常压热晶化温度有重要影响,而且对其热晶化结果亦有重要影响。     

Study of nanocrystalline Fe－Al－N soft magnetic thin films

Fe－Al－N films were fabricated by reactive sputtering using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering system. The effects of Al and N content and annealing temperature on microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. The Fe－Al－N films, which have good soft magnetic properties, consist of nanocrystalline α-Fe grains and a small amount of other phases in the boundaries of α-Fe grains. The average α-Fe grain size is about 10－15nm. A slight amount of Fe－N and Al－N compounds precipitate in the boundaries of α-Fe grains and suppress their growth. Annealing improves the soft magnetic properties slightly by releasing the residual stress and reducing defects.     

TiO_2对α-Fe_2O_3纳米微粒拉曼散射效应的影响

选取α Fe2O3和TiO2研究一种氧化物对另一种氧化物的拉曼散射效应。采用Sol gel方法制备纳米α Fe2O3/TiO2复合微粒,α Fe2O3粒径及含量分别为20nm、150nm和3%、6%、12%。制备过程中调节水解时的pH值和热处理温度,得到掺杂α Fe2O3粒子的不同晶型的TiO2纳米颗粒。Raman测量结果显示,α Fe2O3粒径越小、含量越高,TiO2对其散射效应的影响越大。不同的TiO2晶型对α Fe2O3纳米粒子的拉曼增强效应也不同。锐钛矿型及金红石型TiO2对α Fe2O3有一定的拉曼增强作用,当水解pH值较小时,得到板钛矿型TiO2,由于部分板钛矿型TiO2振动声子模的峰位与α Fe2O3的重叠,所以尚难观察它对α Fe2O3的拉曼增强效应。     

Finemet合金析出相α-Fe(Si)结构与磁性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究Finemet合金中析出相α-Fe(Si)的晶体结构与磁性,探讨影响立方结构α-Fe(Si)相磁性能的各个因素. 从电子自旋角度出发,分别计算分析了不同比例的Si置换α-Fe超晶格中不同位置的Fe原子后α-Fe(Si)体系的磁性能. 计算结果表明,自旋态密度是影响磁性能的关键因素. 发现Si置换α-Fe超晶格顶角处Fe原子得到的体系比取代体心位置Fe原子的体系磁性要好. 由此可以得出结论,在一定的含量范围内,随着Si含量的增加,Si出现在α-Fe超晶格中顶角位置的概率增大,α-Fe(Si)相的软磁性能提高,与实验结果相符. 本文的研究工作有助于理解Finemet合金的磁性机理. 关键词： Finemet合金 磁性能 第一性原理 态密度     

Formation, electronic structure, and stability of film nanophases of transition metals on silicon

This paper is devoted to the study of the morphology, growth, electronic structure, and stability of ultrathin (0.03–3 nm) Co and Fe films on the Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces using Auger-electron spectroscopy, electron-energy loss spectrometry, low-energy electron diffraction, and atomic-force microscopy. It is shown that layer-by-layer growth of the metal with the formation of the film nanophase and the segregation of a submonolayer amount of Si on the film’s nanophase surface occurs during the process of layer-by layer growth of Co and Fe on Si(111)-7 × 7 and Si(100)-2 × 1 at room temperature after the growth of two-dimensional metal phases (the surface phase, the monolayer, and two metal monolayers). After these stages, the formation and growth of the bulk’s metal phase with the dissolution of silicon segregated before occur. It is shown that the upper layers of Si adjoining the surface phase, the monolayer, and two Co and Fe monolayers have respectively three different densities of the electron plasma that are higher than the density of the electron plasma in the volume of the silicon substrate. The nonmonotonous character of the morphological and chemical stability of Fe films with quantum-size thicknesses on Si(100) is discovered. After annealing, the film is first smooth, then it is nonuniform across its thickness; afterwards it is again smooth and then nonuniform across its thickness. In this case, the metal phase, different Fe silicides, and the bulk’s metal phase form successively in Fe films on Si(100) after annealing.     

Effect of annealing under tensile loading on the structure of nanocrystals in the Finemet alloy

The effect of nanocrystallization annealing under tensile loading on the structure of nanocrystals in the soft magnetic alloy Fe-Si-Nb-B-Cu (Finemet) has been investigated. It has been shown that the body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice of α-FeSi nanocrystals is extended along the direction of the application of the load upon annealing and is compressed in the transverse direction. Nanocrystals in the Finemet alloy have a higher degree of anisotropy of mechanical properties as compared to bulk crystals of α-FeSi, so that agreement between the measured and calculated values of the elongation is achieved only with a significant increase in the elastic moduli. Substantial changes in mechanical properties of the crystals with a decrease in their size to the nanometer scale are caused by the influence of the rigid amorphous matrix of the Fe(Nb)-B phase surrounding the nanocrystals.     

Magnetic properties and domain structures of FeSiB thin films

Smooth Fe₇₈Si₁₀B₁₂ thin films were prepared by r.f. sputtering with the very slow deposition rate of 0.59 nm/min. The as-deposited films were not fully amorphous, instead α-Fe(Si) nanocrystallites were found to be embedded in the amorphous matrix. The saturation magnetostriction λ_s of the as-deposited film is about 6.5 × 10⁻⁶. After annealing at 540 °C for 1 h in an ultrahigh vacuum (4.5 × 10⁻⁵ Pa), the fraction of α-Fe(Si) crystalline phase largely increased, and correspondingly the λ_s decreased to 4.5 × 10⁻⁷. Ripple domain structures were observed in the as-deposited film, while dense stripe domains were observed in the annealed sample, characterized by a very narrow domain width of 80 nm. (1 1 0) texture and island-like configuration of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystallites formed by the annealing treatment are responsible for the perpendicular anisotropy. For the as-deposited film, the magnetization curves increased linearly with the increase of the magnetic field, and showed the very small hysteresis. On the other hand, the annealed sample clearly showed a very steep jump near the origin, which is due to the switch process of the dense stripe domain.     

Structural transformations of Fe81B13Si4C2 amorphous alloy induced by heating

Thermal stability and crystallization of the Fe₈₁B₁₂Si₄C₂ alloy were investigated in the temperature range 25-700 °C by the XRD and Mössbauer analysis. It was shown that on heating the as-prepared amorphous Fe₈₁B₁₂Si₄C₂ alloy undergoes thermal stabilization through a series of structural transformations involving the process of stress-relieving (temperature range 200-400 °C), followed by a loss of ferromagnetic properties (Curie temperature at 420 °C) and finally crystallization (temperature range 450-530 °C). The process of crystallization begins by formation of two crystal phases: Fe₃B and subsequently Fe₂B, as well as a solid solution α-Fe(Si). With increase in annealing temperature, the completely crystallized alloy involved only two phases, Fe₂B and solid solution α-Fe(Si).XRD patterns established a difference in phase composition and size of the formed crystallites during crystallization depending on the side (fishy or shiny) of the ribbon. The first nuclei of the phase α-Fe₃Si were found on the shiny side by XRD after heat treatment even at 200 °C but the same phase on the fishy side of ribbon was noticed after heat treatment at 450 °C. The largest difference between the contact and free surface was found for the Fe₂B phase crystallized by heating at 700 °C, showing the largest size of crystallites of about 130 nm at 700 °C on the free (shiny) surface.