用于ICF实验的掺溴聚苯乙烯平面调制箔靶

以掺溴聚苯乙烯平面调制箔靶的制备为主，介绍通过激光干涉法结合图形转移工艺获得具有正弦起伏图形的掺溴聚苯乙烯平面调制箔靶的工艺．对表面调制起伏图形的精确转移进行研究，以ＳＥＭ和台阶仪监控图形转移过程，控制耦合在调制图形上的表面粗糙度．     

侧照明实验用平面调制微靶的制备及参数测量

 介绍了用于侧照明实验研究瑞利-泰勒流体力学不稳定性(Rayleigh-Taylor instability)实验的聚苯乙烯和铝平面调制微靶的制备工艺。通过图形转移，靶型切割和装配工艺的控制，结合靶参数测量，获得了厚度在几十μm、表面具有波长50 μm和55 μm、振幅从几到几十μm、微靶宽度约为200 μm、剖面正弦调制图形清晰的两种靶型。     

掺溴聚苯乙烯平面调制箔靶的制备及测量

 平面调制靶是ICF分解实验中的重要用靶。介绍了在过去工作的基础上掺溴聚苯乙烯平面调制箔靶的制备工艺,研究旋转涂覆和流延工艺对靶的表面起伏图形转移的影响,采用SEM观察薄膜表面起伏图形的形貌,对掺杂溴的含量进行测量和控制,以台阶仪测量靶的表面粗糙度。     

1.06μm激光辐照金盘靶的软X光转换

在１．０６μｍ激光辐照金盘靶实验中，利用坪响应Ｘ光二级管探测器测量了软Ｘ光能量（０．１－１．５ｋｅＶ）角分布，得到了软Ｘ光转换效率。实验条件：激光波长λＬ＝１．０６μｍ，ＥＬ＝６０－５００Ｊ，τｐｍ≈８００ｐｓ，ｆ／１．７，ＩＬ＝１０＾１＾３－１０＾１＾４Ｗ／ｃｍ＾２。实验结果表明：软Ｘ光能量角分粗略呈α＋ｂｃｏｓθ分布，软Ｘ光转换效率随激光强度的增加而降低。当靶面激光焦斑直径２３５μｍ，激光强度     

平面调制靶的表面起伏图形研制

表面起伏靶是惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）分解实验中的重要实验用靶。本文报导了采用离子束刻蚀和激光干涉两种方法制备初始微扰振幅和波长分别在几微米和几十微米范围的正弦调制形状；摸索了相应的工艺条件和工艺过程；用台阶仪及光学显微轮廓仪测微加工后的形貌；探讨了调制波长的精确控制与干涉工艺之间的关系。     

ICF流体力学不稳定性实验用柱状激波管的研制

在惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验中,点火靶丸表面(界面)的粗糙度和缺陷所产生的流体力学不稳定性是决定点火成功与否的关键因素之一,设计和研制流体力学不稳定性分解实验用靶是解决该问题的主要技术手段。结合国内外的研究现状和神光-Ⅱ激光装置的特点,设计并研制了一种新型柱状激波管。该靶型由三种介质组成,分别为调制聚苯乙烯(CH)圆片、柱状碳气凝胶(CRF)和CH微套管。调制CH圆片和柱状CRF通过微加工技术装配到CH微套管内,封装后形成柱状激波管。介绍了该靶型的设计原理和详细的制备工艺,并对相应的靶参数进行了测量。结果表明:柱状CRF气凝胶具有较好的成型性,长度、直径和密度分别为1000μm、730μm和250mg·cm-3;CH圆片的厚度和直径分别为15μm和730μm,表面调制图形的周期和峰谷差分别为100μm和4.3μm;实验得到的柱状激波管的轴向和径向最大装配误差分别为2μm和3μm。     

ICF分解实验用双介质调制靶的研制

为了研究惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验用靶丸不同密度界面的流体力学不稳定性增长,设计并制备了聚苯乙烯(CH)/碳气凝胶(CRF),CRF/硅气凝胶(SiO2)和CH/Al三种双介质调制靶。采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了密度分别为250和800mg/cm3的CRF气凝胶薄片;采用激光微加工工艺分别在两种不同密度的CRF薄片和工业用纯Al箔上引入调制图形;采用旋涂工艺在Al箔和CRF薄片(250mg/cm3)的调制表面制备一层CH薄膜,得到CH/Al和CH/CRF双介质调制靶,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在CRF薄片(800mg/cm3)表面制备一层低密度SiO2气凝胶,得到CRF/SiO2双介质调制靶。采用电子天平、扫描电子显微镜、工具显微镜和台阶仪对所制备的CH/CRF,CRF/SiO2和CH/Al三种双介质调制靶进行靶参数测量。结果表明:三种双介质调制靶层与层之间结合紧密,界面清晰,调制图形为正弦,靶参数测量准确。     

ICF分解实验中的平面调制靶

 介绍采用多次电镀Ni图形转移工艺将激光干涉法获得的耦合在光刻胶表面的起伏图形进行复制以获得Ni基图形转移模板, 并进一步将表面起伏图形复制到聚苯乙烯薄膜的表面, 以获得具有表面起伏图形的平面调制靶。为提高图形转移的精度、研究电镀图形转移工艺和聚苯乙烯薄膜图形复制工艺对表面起伏图形转移精度的影响, 以扫描电子显微镜对整个图形转移流程进行监控, 比较光刻胶表面图形, 一次、二次电镀转移图形和转移到聚苯乙烯上图形的形貌。     

深振幅Al调制靶的化学腐蚀制备工艺研究

 介绍了用于惯性约束聚变分解实验的铝调制靶的制备。以半导体光刻工艺结合化学腐蚀工艺在铝箔表面引入周期为50 μm的条槽图形，研究腐蚀条件对腐蚀速率的影响;采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和台阶仪对图形形貌和样品表面成分进行测量和分析，获得厚度在32 μm左右、腐蚀深度达到20 μm的铝调制靶。     

系列柱形薄壁腔靶制备工艺研究

为了从实验上深入研究超热电子产生规律，从而减少或抑制超热电子对惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）的危害，我们制备了一系列薄壁腔靶，以供实验研究。本文详细地描述了柱形薄壁腔靶的制备工艺。利用ＮＧ－１０４型精密单向纵切车床，采用金刚石刀具车削，提高心轴质量，表表粗糙度可达０．１μｍ。采用电镀和磁控溅射二种方法镀膜，为了使腔靶壁厚均匀，在镀膜时，必须使心轴匀速旋转。利用磁控溅射在腔靶外表面再涂上１μｍ左右厚的二氧化硅，以提高超薄壁腔靶的强度和自立能力。在腐蚀心轴时，必须仔细控制酸的浓度，防止在腐蚀时因产生气泡太多，太快而使腔靶破裂。用Ｘ射线照相法和扫描电子显微镜测量腔靶的几何参数。制备系列柱形薄壁腔靶达到指标为：壁厚范围２～３０μｍ，壁厚均匀性小于１０％，表面粗糙度０．２～０．３μｍ。最后介绍了在“神光Ⅰ”上打靶结果。结果表明，实验值与理论值符合较好。     

Effect of the illumination length on the statistical distribution of the field scattered from one-dimensional random rough surfaces: analytical formulae derived from the small perturbation method

We consider a dielectric plane surface with a local cylindrical perturbation illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave. The perturbation is represented by a random function assuming values with a Gaussian probability density with zero mean value. Outside the perturbation zone, the scattered field can be represented by a superposition of a continuous spectrum of outgoing plane waves. The stationary phase method leads to the asymptotic field, the angular dependence of which is given by the scattering amplitudes of the propagating plane waves. The small perturbation method applied to the Rayleigh integral and the boundary conditions gives a first-order approximation of the scattering amplitudes. We show that the real part and the imaginary part of the scattering amplitudes are Gaussian stochastic variables with zero mean values and unequal variances. The values of variances depend on the length of the perturbation zone. In most cases, the probability density function for the amplitude is a Hoyt distribution and the phase is not uniformly distributed between -π and π. The standard Rayleigh and uniform distributions are obtained for special values of the length and in the case of an infinite illumination length.     

Effect of the illumination length on the statistical distribution of the field scattered from one-dimensional random rough surfaces: analytical formulae derived from the small perturbation method

We consider a dielectric plane surface with a local cylindrical perturbation illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave. The perturbation is represented by a random function assuming values with a Gaussian probability density with zero mean value. Outside the perturbation zone, the scattered field can be represented by a superposition of a continuous spectrum of outgoing plane waves. The stationary phase method leads to the asymptotic field, the angular dependence of which is given by the scattering amplitudes of the propagating plane waves. The small perturbation method applied to the Rayleigh integral and the boundary conditions gives a first-order approximation of the scattering amplitudes. We show that the real part and the imaginary part of the scattering amplitudes are Gaussian stochastic variables with zero mean values and unequal variances. The values of variances depend on the length of the perturbation zone. In most cases, the probability density function for the amplitude is a Hoyt distribution and the phase is not uniformly distributed between –π and π. The standard Rayleigh and uniform distributions are obtained for special values of the length and in the case of an infinite illumination length.     

相对论效应对大振幅电子等离子体振荡破裂影响的数值模拟

通过数值求解符拉索夫方程和泊松方程，研究了相对论效应和温度效应对等离子体振荡破裂的影响. 不考虑相对论效应情况下，初始扰动幅度较小时，不会发生等离子体振荡破裂，系统具有时间周期性. 此时电子温度的增加，会使得等离子体振荡最大幅度减小. 考虑相对论效应时，即使初始的等离子体电子密度扰动幅度不大，随着时间演化，相对论效应也能导致等离子体振荡破裂，而且初始电子密度扰动越小，产生等离子体振荡破裂所需时间越长. 在初始电子密度扰动较大时，无论考虑和不考虑相对论效应都会出现波破裂，但两者的结果有很大不同. 此外温度效应会降低能发生等离子体波破裂的阈值；等离子体波的相速度越大，能产生的波破裂现象也越明显. 关键词： 等离子体振荡 相对论效应 振荡破裂     

Instability of Epitaxially Strained Thin Films Based on Nonlocal Elasticity

We perform a linear analysis of the elastic fields and stability of epitaxially strained thin films based on nonlocal elasticity. We derive expressions of perturbed stresses to the first order of perturbation amplitude, which show that the stresses are directly proportional to the lattice mismatch and the perturbation amplitude, and decrease with an increase in the perturbation wavelength. The critical perturbation wavelength distinguishes whether the flat film for the perturbation is stable, which is inversely proportional to the square of the mismatch and decreases with the thickness of the film.     

随机扰动对螺旋波动力学的影响研究

心脏中的心肌组织是一种典型的可激发介质, 鉴于心肌细胞分布的离散性, 采用离散可激发介质模型研究了不应态时间随机扰动对螺旋波动力学行为的影响, 在扰动随机出现情况下, 螺旋波的稳定性与受扰元胞的数目和扰动幅度有关, 数值计算结果表明: 在适当的条件下, 可以观察到螺旋波漫游、破碎和消失现象, 并简要分析了产生这些现象的机理. 关键词： 螺旋波 激发介质 随机扰动     

爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性实验研究

金属界面不稳定性是内爆物理压缩过程中关注的重要问题,与传统流体界面不稳定性具有显著区别.由于相关理论和实验诊断技术的限制,目前该问题的研究还明显不足.为加深对金属界面不稳定性扰动增长行为的认识,本文建立了爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性研究的实验诊断技术和数据处理方法,得到了扰动发展早期不同时刻界面扰动增长的X光图像.实验结果分析表明:在爆轰产物的无冲击加载条件下扰动波长基本保持不变,而初始扰动幅值越大,界面扰动增长的趋势就越明显;同时随着样品前界面扰动的不断发展,在样品的后自由面也出现了与前界面初始相位相反的扰动特征,即样品前界面扰动为波谷的位置所对应的后界面先运动而逐渐演变为波峰,而前界面扰动为波峰的位置所对应的后界面则演变为波谷;在5.26μs时刻,界面扰动幅值增长为初始值的700%左右,应变率达到了约105/s.结合数值模拟研究表明:在此情况下常用的Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan模型在一定程度上低估了高纯铜材料强度的强化特性,无法准确地描述强度对界面扰动增长的制稳作用,从而导致数值模拟结果要大于实验测量结果.     

Effect of field polarizations on recoil resonances

The effect field polarization has on the amplitude of recoil-induced resonances is considered for laser-cooled free atoms and for atoms in an operating magneto-optical trap. Explicit analytical expressions for the polarization dependence of resonance amplitudes in perturbation theory are obtained for all closed dipole transitions. Optimum conditions of polarization are found for the observation of resonances.     

Optical solitons in resonant and nonresonant nonlinear media in the presence of perturbations

We studied the optical solitons in nonlinear resonant and nonresonant media in the presence of perturbations, assuming that the transient effects are stimulated by the light scanning beam. We treated a slight deviation from the exact necessary condition for the soliton existence (2betanu=1), as a small perturbation for the integrable system, studying its influence upon the soliton propagation conditions. The approximation is constructed by the help of an algebraic version of the soliton perturbation theory using a Riemann boundary problem in connection with the inverse scattering method. We have obtained the soliton equation and we have solved it in the presence of a small perturbation in the adiabatic approximation. In this case we have demonstrated that for a Lorentz profile line the amplitude of the soliton remains unchanged, the only effect of the perturbation results in a phase shift.