芳香性取代基对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑激发态质子转移和光谱性质影响的理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和含时密度泛函(TD DFT)理论方法研究了在2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑(HBI)苯环羟基的对位分别被呋喃基、吡咯基等五种芳香性取代基后的衍生物(HBI-R)分子内质子转移过程,考察了取代基的电子离域效应对分子结构、分子内氢键和质子转移的影响,模拟计算了各分子的IR振动光谱和电子光谱。研究发现,基态的HBI与HBI-R分子内氢键O—H…N比O…H—N强度大,因氢键中的O—H增长和H—N的缩短,激发态氢键O—H…N弱于O…H—N强度,基态和激发态的稳定构型分别为醇式和酮式结构,取代基总体上使酮式构型相对稳定性有所增加,但呋喃基、吡咯基和噻吩基却略降低了激发态酮式构型相对稳定性。取代基降低了HBI基态和激发态分子内质子转移反应的能垒,但影响不大。电子吸收光谱的最大吸收峰和荧光光谱的最大发射峰主要源于前线分子轨道HOMO与LUMO之间的电子跃迁,芳环取代基增强了电子离域效应,使光谱的吸收峰和发射峰波长均有较大的红移。     

卟啉和金属卟啉的荧光研究

本文研究了四-(邻氯苯基)卟吩,几种天然卟啉以及它们的金属络合物的室温荧光光谱,荧光量子产额和计算了辐射寿命。初次得到了Mg(OClTPP)和Cd(OClTPP)的量子产额,Cd(OClTPP)的荧光产额比Cd(TPP)的数值大很多。出现了类似文献已报导过的Zn(OClTPP)的反常现象,此现象解释为邻氯取代基削弱了锌的重原子效应.     

二苯乙烯衍生物的制备及结构-光学性能关系的研究

有机共轭材料由于在电子、非线性光学和发光领域具有广泛应用,引起人们广泛兴趣。苯乙烯衍生物是一类重要的有机共轭化合物。文章采用相转移Wittig反应和钯催化Heck反应合成了三种不同取代基二苯乙烯衍生物。研究了分子结构与电子吸收光谱和材料发光性能关系。同没有取代基的化合物3a相比(电子最大吸收峰波长358 nm),化合物3c中CH₃取代导致电子吸收光谱轻微红移到356 nm,硝基取代的化合物3b呈现出更大的吸收光谱红移现象,电子吸收最大峰红移到388 nm。同时发现：CH₃取代的化合物3c产生荧光发射峰在414 nm,同没有取代基的化合物3a相比,荧光发射强度明显增强;相反具有吸电子NO₂取代基的化合物3b荧光发射峰位于525 nm, 荧光发射强度明显减弱。可见二苯乙烯分子中取代基结构对分子光学性能产生重要影响。这为发光材料的分子设计提供新的思路。     

2-(2-苯基丙烯基)苯并唑类化合物的合成与光谱研究

本文讨论了2－2（－苯基丙烯基）苯并恶唑类化合物的合成方法以及取代基对产率的影响,并用IR,NMR,MS,FL等光谱方法对它们进行了结构表征。初步探讨了取代基对各种光谱的影响。结果表明,取代基对苯并恶唑环的特征红外吸收有影响但没有明显的线性规律,吸电子取代基对分子中丙烯氢和甲基的化学位移影响明显,取代的标题化合物的质谱易出现较强的双正离子碎片。同时讨论了有关紫外光谱和荧光光谱的一些实验现象。     

取代基对卟啉类化合物三阶非线性光学特性的影响

主要采用吸收光谱、荧光光谱和皮秒Z-扫描等实验方法研究了三种不同取代基的卟啉化合物5,10,15,20-四对羟基苯基卟啉[T(4-HP)P]、5,10,15,20-四对酯基苯基卟啉[T(4-EP)P]和5,10,15,20-四对溴苯基卟啉[T(4-BrP)P]的光学及非线性光学性质,并从离域电子共轭结构理论和共振、非共振增强理论进行了分析。结果表明,强给电子基团取代的T(4-HP)P的吸收和荧光发射带比弱给电子基团取代的T(4-EP)P及吸电子基团取代的T(4-BrP)P有明显红移;三种样品均具有正的三阶非线性极化率χ(3),强的给电子能力和共振增强使得T(4-HP)P的三阶极化率比T(4-BrP)P增强了近两个量级,并在532 nm光激发时,χ(3)具有最大值6.81×10-10esu。     

咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉及其2-取代芳基衍生物的电子结构与光谱性质

分别采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)和CIS/6-31G(d)方法对咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉(ip)及其8种2-取代芳基衍生物的基态(S0)和单重激发态(S1)的几何构型进行了全优化, 并采用含时的度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算了上述化合物的电子吸收和电子发射光谱. 分析了取代基对咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉的电子结构、前线分子轨道、电离势Ip、电子亲和势EA及电子光谱的影响. 计算结果表明, 取代基使8种取代衍生物前线分子轨道(LUMO-HOMO)能隙降低,导致其最大吸收和发射波长均发生了红移. 化合物1～8的跃迁类型均为分子内电荷转移（ICT）跃迁,且1～4和5～8的电子转移方向刚好相反. 溶剂对其电子光谱也有影响, 振子强度增大, 最大发射波长红移. 另外, 8种取代衍生物的电离势降低, 电子亲和势增大, 化合物1~4易于空穴的注入, 5~8易于电子的注入.     

咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉及其2-取代芳基衍生物的电子结构与光谱性质

分别采用B3LYP/6-31G(d)和CIS/6-31G(d)方法对咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉(ip)及其8种2-取代芳基衍生物的基态(S0)和单重激发态(S1)的几何构型进行了全优化, 并采用含时的度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算了上述化合物的电子吸收和电子发射光谱. 分析了取代基对咪唑[4, 5-f] 1, 10-邻菲罗啉的电子结构、前线分子轨道、电离势Ip、电子亲和势EA及电子光谱的影响. 计算结果表明, 取代基使8种取代衍生物前线分子轨道(LUMO-HOMO)能隙降低,导致其最大吸收和发射波长均发生了红移. 化合物1～8的跃迁类型均为分子内电荷转移（ICT）跃迁,且1～4和5～8的电子转移方向刚好相反. 溶剂对其电子光谱也有影响, 振子强度增大, 最大发射波长红移. 另外, 8种取代衍生物的电离势降低, 电子亲和势增大, 化合物1~4易于空穴的注入, 5~8易于电子的注入.     

取代基对2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑分子内氢键及质子转移的影响:密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函(DFT)和含时密度泛函(TD DFT)理论方法研究了在2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑(HBT)苯环羟基的邻位或对位分别引入羟基和醛基后的衍生物分子内质子转移过程,考察了取代基的电子效应及取代位置对分子内氢键和质子转移反应的影响,模拟计算了各分子的IR振动光谱和电子光谱.研究发现,HBT及其衍生物分子可以形成分子内氢键,且激发态时氢键增强.基态时以醇式构型稳定存在,激发态时酮式结构为优势构象.分子的最大吸收峰和发射峰主要源于电子从前线分子轨道HOMO到LUMO之间的跃迁.基态分子内质子转移需要越过较高的能垒因而难以发生,而激发态时只需越过较低能垒就很容易发生激发态分子内质子转移.取代基的电子效应和取代位置对HBT分子氢键强度、互变异构体的相对稳定性、电子光谱及质子转移反应的能垒均有一定影响.     

几种N-取代-3-羟基-2-吡啶硫酮Be配合物的结构与光谱性质

在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)级别水平上对4种Be配合物的几何结构进行了全优化,并探讨了烷基取代基对其分子的几何结构和电子结构等方面的影响。采用TD-B3LYP方法在同样级别水平上研究了各配合物的电子吸收光谱,分析了光谱的变化规律。上述计算结果表明,随烷基取代基团给电子能力的增强,前线分子轨道能级升高、能隙增大、最大吸收波长发生蓝移,且最大吸收波长的跃迁类型为配体内的π→π*跃迁.     

几种N-取代-3-羟基-2-吡啶硫酮Be配合物的结构与光谱性质

在B3LYP/6-31+G(d)级别水平上对4种Be配合物的几何结构进行了全优化,并探讨了烷基取代基对其分子的几何结构和电子结构等方面的影响.采用TD-B3LYP方法在同样级别水平上研究了各配合物的电子吸收光谱,分析了光谱的变化规律.上述计算结果表明,随烷基取代基团给电子能力的增强,前线分子轨道能级升高、能隙增大、最大吸收波长发生蓝移,且最大吸收波长的跃迁类型为配体内的π→π*跃迁.     

Effect on optical anisotropy of intramolecular lability in various molecular rotational configurations

It is shown that the effect of intramolecular lability in complex molecules on the degree of fluorescence polarization of rarified vapors is mainly mediated through perturbations of rotational motion in the region of separatrixes of A- and C-forms of rotation stereo dynamics. It is most pronounced for the orientation of optical transition dipole moment components along the axis of the molecule average moment of inertia (B) and manifests itself in all types of molecular tops. Such lability for dipole orientations along the A and C axes usually causes the degree of anisotropy to decrease by an order of magnitude and more. So it is advisable to use optical transitions with dipole moments oriented along the A or C axes for optical polarization analysis of molecules in the gaseous state, for example in analytical high-temperature polarized fluorescence.     

基质发光材料Na5Eu(MoO4)4和NaEu(MoO4)2的喇曼光谱

本文研究了基质发光材料Na5Eu(MoO4)4和NaEu(MoO4)2的喇曼光谱.用群论方法分析了它们的内、外振动模式,对实验振动模进行了指认.本文还将上述喇曼光谱与Na5Eu(WO4)4、CaWO4、SrWO4、CaMoO4和SrMoO4的喇曼光谱进行了比较,Na5Eu(MoO4)4和NaEu(MoO4)2的喇曼光谱结果表明(MoO4)2-离子团的高能量拉伸内振动是产生Eu3+的5D2→5D1,5D1→5D0-多声子无辐射弛豫的原因,这导致了Eu3+在这类材料中主要产生5DO→7Fj的发光跃迁.     

2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[1,3-Dihydro-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-5-isobenzofuranthioureidyl]ethylaminocarbonyl]ethyl]phenyl] ethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (FITC-APEC): A fluorescent ligand for A2a-adenosine receptors

The fluorescein conjugate, FITC-APEC (2-[2-[4-[2-[2-[1,3-dihydro-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxo-5-isobenzofuranthioureidyl]ethylaminocarbonyl]ethyl] phenyl]ethylamino]-5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine), is a novel ligand derived from a series of functionalized congeners that act as selective A_2a-adenosine receptor agonists. The binding of FITC-APEC to bovine striatal A_2a-adenosine receptors measured by fluorescence techniques was saturable and of a high affinity, with aB _max of 2.3±0.3 pmol/mg protein andK _D of 57±2 nM. TheK _D value estimated by fluorescence was consistent with theK _i (11±0.3 nM) obtained by competition studies with [³H]CGS 21680. Additionally, theB _max value found by FITC-APEC measurement was in agreement withB _max values obtained using radioligand binding. FITC-APEC exhibited rapid and reversible binding to bovine striatum. The potencies of chemically diverse A_2a-adenosine receptor ligands estimated by inhibition of FITC-APEC binding were in good agreement with their potencies determined using radioligand binding techniques (r=0.97,P=0.0003). FITC-APEC binding was not altered by purine derivatives that do not recognize A_2a-adenosine receptors. These findings demonstrate that the novel fluorescent ligand FITC-APEC can be used in the quantitative characterization of ligand binding to A_2a-adenosine receptors.     

The spin-isospin decomposition of the nuclear symmetry energy from low to high density

The energy per particle BA in nuclear matter is calculated up to high baryon density in the whole isospin asymmetry range from symmetric matter to pure neutron matter.The results,obtained in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation with two-and three-body forces,confirm the well-known parabolic dependence on the asymmetry parameterβ=(N?Z)/A(β^2 law)that is valid in a wide density range.To investigate the extent to which this behavior can be traced back to the properties of the underlying interaction,aside from the mean field approximation,the spin-isospin decomposition of BA is performed.Theoretical indications suggest that theβ^2 law could be violated at higher densities as a consequence of the three-body forces.This raises the problem that the symmetry energy,calculated according to theβ^2 law as a difference between BA in pure neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter,cannot be applied to neutron stars.One should return to the proper definition of the nuclear symmetry energy as a response of the nuclear system to small isospin imbalance from the Z=N nuclei and pure neutron matter.     

The triplet spectrum of tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione

The low-temperature single-crystal spectrum of TMCBD has revealed a low-lying triplet state at 25 718 cm^-1 (72·5 kcal/mol). The observed band is ascribed to a ³ A_u (³ A ₂) ← ¹ A_g nπ* transition on the basis of its small singlet-triplet splitting, its polarization behaviour, and its vibrational structure. The ³ A_u state is first-order spin-orbit coupled to either or both of the ¹ B _2u or ¹ B _3u states. No evidence for two or more nπ* transitions was found. Several multi-membered progressions in the carbonyl wagging mode indicate the presence of a distorted excited state, in which the carbonyl carbons attain a pyramidal conformation. Analysis of the site symmetry shows that TMCBD is distorted to a boat-shaped C _2v structure in its triplet nπ* state.     

Hyperfine coupling constants of cesium 7D states using two-photon spectroscopy

Doppler-free two-photon transitions of cesium 6S_1/2→7D_{3/2, 5/2} were observed in a thermal stabilized cell. A repeated spectrum of 75 MHz introduced from the side band of an electro-optical modulator served as a frequency marker to improve the accuracy of frequency measurement. The hyperfine magnetic dipole constant A and electrical quadrupole constant B of Cs 7D_{3/2, 5/2} can be derived from the splitting intervals of the observed spectra. The results are: A=7.36(07) MHz, B=−0.88(87) MHz for the 7D_3/2 state, and A=−1.81(05) MHz, B=1.01(1.06) MHz for the 7D_5/2 state. These coefficients are improvements for testing high-precision measurements and determining fundamental physical constants.     

Enhanced Gauge Symmetry and Braid Group Actions

 Enhanced gauge symmetry appears in Type II string theory (as well as F- and M-theory) compactified on Calabi–Yau manifolds containing exceptional divisors meeting in Dynkin configurations. It is shown that in many such cases, at enhanced symmetry points in moduli a braid group acts on the derived category of sheaves of the variety. This braid group covers the Weyl group of the enhanced symmetry algebra, which itself acts on the deformation space of the variety in a compatible way. Extensions of this result are given for nontrivial B-fields on K3 surfaces, explaining physical restrictions on the B-field, as well as for elliptic fibrations. The present point of view also gives new evidence for the enhanced gauge symmetry content in the case of a local A _2n -configuration in a threefold having global ℤ/2 monodromy. Received: 28 October 2002 / Accepted: 9 December 2002 Published online: 28 May 2003 Communicated by R.H. Dijkgraaf     

Monte carlo studies of phase transitions in polymer blends and block copolymer melts

Summary The unmixing transition of both symmetrical polymer blends AB (i.e. chain lengthsN _A=N _B=N) and asymmetrical ones (N _B/N _A=2,3) is studied by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the bond fluctuation model. Combination of semi-grand-canonical simulation techniques, ?histogram reweighting? and finitesize scaling allows an accurate location of the coexistence curve in the critical region. The variation of the critical temperature with chain length (N) is studied and compared to theoretical predictions. For the symmetrical case, use of chain lengths up toN=512 allows a rough estimation of crossover scaling functions for the crossover from Ising to mean-field exponents. The order-disorder transitions in melts of both symmetric (compositionf=N _A/(N _A+N _B)=1/2) and asymmetric (f=3/4) block copolymers is studied for very short chains (16≤N≤60). The interplay between structure and chain configuration is emphasized. Qualitative evidence for ?dumbell formation? of chains and vacancy enrichment in A-B-interfaces and near hard walls is presented. Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994.     

Towards a Theory of Transition Paths

We construct a statistical theory of reactive trajectories between two pre-specified sets A and B, i.e. the portionsof the path of a Markov process during which the path makes a transition from A to B. This problem is relevant e.g. in the context of metastability, in which case the two sets A and B are metastable sets, though the formalism we propose is independent of any such assumptions on A and B. We show that various probability distributions on the reactive trajectories can be expressed in terms of the equilibrium distribution of the process and the so-called committor functions which give the probability that the process reaches first B before reaching A, either backward or forward in time. Using these objects, we obtain (i) the distribution of reactive trajectories, which gives the proportion of time reactive trajectories spend in sets outside of A and B; (ii) the hitting point distribution of the reactive trajectories on a surface, which measures where the reactive trajectories hit the surface when they cross it; (iii) the last hitting point distribution of the reactive trajectories on the surface; (iv) the probability current of reactive trajectories, the integral of which on a surface gives the net average flux of reactive trajectories across this surface; (v) the average frequency of reactive trajectories, which gives the average number of transitions between A and B per unit of time; and (vi) the traffic distribution of reactive trajectories, which gives some information about the regions the reactive trajectories visit regardless of the time they spend in these regions.