一种混合混沌虚拟光学图像加密方法

用共参数的两种混沌系统生成可置换传统双随机相位编码系统中随机相位模板的新模板.将明文图像编码为相位信息,克服原双随机相位编码系统对第一块相位模板不敏感的缺陷;构建可产生均匀非相关随机序列的广义Fibonacci混沌系统,生成均匀分布的相位模板进行图像加密,提高密钥传输效率及系统对密钥的敏感性;对一次加密得到的复值图像,采用提取其振幅及相位的替代操作进行再加密,解决其像素值不能通过按位"异或"进行替代的问题,使密文图像分布更均匀,信息熵达到7.995 8,能有效抵御统计分析攻击.在二次加密中,将产生加密模板的混沌初值与一次加密得到的密文联系,像素数改变率达到0.995 239,更接近理想期望值,增强了系统对明文的敏感性,有效抵御选择明文攻击.仿真实验表明,该方法有效增加了密钥空间和密钥敏感性,提高了加密系统加密效率和安全性.     

基于混沌的改进双随机相位编码图像加密算法

针对菲涅耳域双随机相位编码提出的一种改进图像加密系统。该系统通过预先将原图像编码为相位信息克服了原算法对第一块相位模板和第一次衍射距离不敏感的缺陷。在双随机相位编码模块后基于复值图像振幅及相位替代的再次加密,使得加密图像像素值分布更为均匀。另外,改进算法引入三种不同的混沌系统来生成所需要的随机模板,借助于混沌系统的非线性性、初值敏感性,加密系统在减小密钥体积的同时增大了密钥空间、增加了系统的复杂性。仿真实验对算法进行了有效性分析、统计分析以及密钥敏感性测试,结果表明改进的算法有效提升了原算法的安全性。     

基于双随机相位编码的非线性双图像加密方法

提出了一种基于双随机相位编码技术的非线性双图像加密方法,并分析了其安全性。在该方法中,加密过程和解密过程以及加密密钥和解密密钥均不相同。加密过程具有非线性,解密过程则是线性的。将两幅待加密图像复合为复振幅图像,并利用双随机相位编码技术和切相傅里叶变换进行加密,加密过程中生成两个解密密钥,解密过程则在经典的基于4f系统的双随机相位编码系统中完成。相比经典的双随机相位加密技术和基于切相傅里叶变换的单图像加密技术,该加密方法的安全性更高,它能够抵御最近提出的基于两步振幅相位恢复算法的特定攻击。理论分析和仿真实验结果都证明了此加密方法的可行性和安全性。     

基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知在光学图像加密中的应用

为了安全高效地对图像信息进行传输,提出了一种新颖的基于多模光纤散斑的压缩感知结合双随机相位编码的光学图像加密方法.多模光纤产生的光斑作为压缩感知的测量矩阵,完成对图像的第一次压缩和加密,并且充当第一级密钥;再利用双随机相位编码技术进行第二次加密,实现对图像的完整加密过程,随机相位掩模板充当第二级密钥,解密过程与此相反.通过将光斑测量矩阵与用于压缩感知的常用随机测量矩阵进行对比研究后发现,使用光斑测量矩阵解密后的图像质量更好,而且相比于其他随机测量矩阵在硬件实现上的复杂性与高成本,光斑矩阵可以很容易地通过简单的光学器件来获得,且可以利用工作波长的改变来进行变换,也即第一级密钥非常容易变换.同时经研究表明,本文方法可以有效抵抗统计分析、噪声干扰和剪切等攻击,且对密钥敏感性高,具有良好的鲁棒性和安全性.因此,本文提出的这种基于光斑矩阵的压缩感知与双随机相位编码结合起来的加密方法,可以获得良好的加密效果与极大的密钥空间,并且易于在光学领域整合.     

基于压缩感知的光学图像加密技术研究

提出了一种基于压缩感知的光学数字图像加密方案,利用压缩感知理论及特点,借助双随机相位编码技术,实现了对数字图像的多重加密。通过压缩感知使用随机测量矩阵作为密钥对原始图像加密,然后对加密图像利用Arnold变换置乱二次加密,并通过4f光学系统进行双随机相位编码再次对图像加密,从而实现了对图像的多次加密。考虑实际应用中传输过程的安全性,将加密图像融合于载体图像。在接收端,对加密图像进行解密重构。实验结果表明,该加密方案能够有效降低采样数据量,具有高稳健性,对密钥响应敏感并可以抵御较强的攻击。     

基于级联相位恢复算法的光学图像加密

在虚拟光学数据加密理论模型的基础上,提出了一种光学图像加密的可视化密码构造算法。该加密算法基于自由空间传播的光学系统,利用级联迭代角谱相位恢复算法把待加密图像分别编码到两块相位模板之中,从而实现图像的加密。该加密技术不但可通过同时调整两块相位模板的相位分布的搜索策略来扩大搜索空间,提高安全强度,而且扩大了系统密钥空间,使系统获得更高的安全性,且能通过简单的数值运算或光学实验装置得到质量非常高的解密图像,还从理论上分析了该算法的时间复杂度。计算机模拟结果表明,该加密算法的收敛速度快,能迅速找到非常好的近似解,解密图像质量高且系统安全性良好。     

一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法

提出了一种基于迭代振幅-相位恢复算法和非线性双随机相位编码的图像加密方法。该方法利用两个公开密钥和一幅"假图像"在非线性双随机相位加密系统中生成密文,接着利用迭代非线性双随机相位编码生成两个私有密钥。待加密图像和密文作为迭代加密方法中的两个限定值。解密过程则可以在经典的基于4f系统的线性的光学双随机相位编码系统中完成。该加密方法具有迭代收敛速度快、安全性高的优点。迭代该图像加密方法能够抵御最近提出的基于改进的振幅-相位恢复算法的攻击。理论分析和仿真实验都证明了此方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于级联分数傅里叶变换系统的数字水印技术

提出一种基于分数傅里叶变换和随机相位编码的光学加密数字水印技术,可成为一种信息隐藏及保护的有效方案.该数字水印技术对于噪音叠加和常见的图像处理操作具有较强的稳健性.该技术根据光学级联分数傅里叶变换系统,利用两个随机相位分布函数对水印信息编码并经过迭代分数傅里叶变换嵌入到变换域的载体图像中.在水印检测和提取过程中,两个相位分布函数作为密钥.随机相位编码技术的引入,进一步提高了数字水印系统的密钥空间.增强了系统的安全性.该数字水印技术基于光学分数傅里叶变换原理,可以利用光学变换系统方便地实现.     

基于矢量运算和副像相位掩模的遥感图像加密技术

针对遥感图像及彩色图像传输过程中的信息安全问题,提出了一种利用矢量运算和副像相位掩模对彩色遥感图像加密的方法.在加密过程中,利用光学相干叠加原理将原始图像矢量分解,并叠加到R、G、B三个通道上的两个相位板当中;然后,使用副像相位掩模在菲涅尔域中双随机相位编码对其中一个相位板加密;最后,利用两个随机矩阵的Kronecker积对编码图像进行进一步随机化处理,实现彩色遥感图像的多级加密.实验结果表明:该算法的密钥敏感度高,在强度系数小于0.04的高斯噪声攻击和统计分析攻击下具有良好的稳健性;密文能够抵御选择明文攻击,相比于传统的双随机相位编码算法具有更强的安全性.解密遥感图像的峰值信噪比和相关系数可达31.92dB和0.9888.该加密方法为大量相同尺寸遥感图像的加密提供了新的思路.     

基于变形分数傅里叶变换的六重密钥图像加密

提出一种利用变形分数傅里叶变换和双随机相位编码对图像加密的方法.对要加密的图像分别进行两次变形分数傅里叶变换和两次随机相位函数调制,使加密图像的密钥由原来两重增加到六重.利用全息元件,可以用光学系统实现这种加密和解密变换.计算机模拟结果表明,只有当六重密钥都完全正确时,才能准确地重建原图像,这种六重密钥加密方法提高了图像信息的安全保密性.     

Speckle characteristics of a broad-area VCSEL in the incoherent emission regime

We present a technique to reduce the speckle contrast of a NIR broad-area VCSEL based on the spatially incoherent emission regime that can be obtained when using the proper driving conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of this technique to reduce the speckle contrast by comparing it with the speckle characteristics in multimode emission under cw operation. Depending on the illumination setup, the incoherent emission regime can lead to a strongly reduced speckle contrast down to 1.3%. This is in agreement with estimates of the expected speckle contrast reduction when three contrast reducing effects are taken into account. These low contrast values make the investigated sources attractive for several applications that suffer from speckle noise.     

XYZ particles at Belle

In this paper, I review recent progress in the study of the XYZ particles at Belle. I only focus on studies with charmonium and one or more light mesons in the final states. This covers the X(3872), X(3915),Y(4140), X(4350), and the charged Z states.     

Optical transmission through an interface between subwavelength slits

This paper studies optical transmission through an interface between two slits with different widths in a sheet composed of an ideal conductor. Such a structure is of potential use in fabricating optical diode and may be the simplest one compared to other designs. Our calculations show that there is a critical wavelength. When the light wavelength is below the critical wavelength, the transmissivity is unidirectional. The expression of the stable transmissivity as a function of the ratio of the widths of the two slits was obtained analytically. Particularly, at the critical wavelength, the transmissivities are zero. This phenomenon has great potential for application in the manufacture of wavelength blockers.     

带有碳杂质的钨中氢稳定性的第一性原理研究

应用第一性原理计算方法研究了碳(C)原子对钨(W)中氢(H)原子稳定性的影响. 本征W中, 当C-H间距离为～2.5 Å时, H的溶解能出现最低值, 此时为H最稳定的位置. W中存在空位时, 由于C的影响, H占据的最佳电子密度面值为0.10 Å^-3. 研究发现, W中单空位最多能容纳10个H原子, 且不能形成H分子, 不同于没有C存在的情况, 表明C对W中H稳定性存在很大影响. 此外, 当两个C原子存在于空位中时, H占据的最佳电子密度面值变为0.13 Å^-3.     

Beyond the LAN: Ethernet’s Evolution into the Public Network

This article details the evolution of Ethernet into Gigabit Ethernet and how this LAN-based technology has undergone major transformations over time. From its data rates and distances to supported media and functionality, Ethernet has greatly improved, enabling it to surmount many of its former limitations and in so doing to expand beyond the LAN into the MAN and now even the WAN. In this article, Pioneer Consulting explores the evolution further by focusing on some of the major technological directions in the Ethernet equipment industry.     

Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on photoluminescence properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films

We report a study on the SHI induced modifications on structural and optical properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical route using 2-mercaptoethanol as a capping agent. The structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, SEM and TEM. These ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in the PMMA matrix to form ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films by the solution cast method. These ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films were then irradiated by swift heavy ion irradiation (Ni⁸⁺ ion beam, 100 MeV) at a fluence of 1×10¹¹ ions/cm². The nanocomposite films were then characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. As revealed from the absorption spectra, absorption edge is not changed by the irradiation but the optical absorption is increased. Enhanced green luminescence at about 527 nm and a less intense blue emission peak around 460 nm were observed after irradiation with respect to the pristine ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite film.     

Grain boundary potential and charge density at grain boundaries of chemically prepared thin silver sulfide films

The grain boundary potential and interface state charge density at the grain boundaries of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) thin films prepared by chemical conversion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films have been determined from the dc resistance of the material and are found to be sensitive to annealing. A reduction in the grain boundary potential and the grain boundary charge density of the film has been noticed when the source CdS film is annealed at different temperatures prior to chemical conversion. The variation in the grain boundary charge density of the grown Ag₂S film with source annealing temperature has been found to be similar to that of thin cadmium sulfide film, reported earlier. An additional low temperature heat treatment of the sample results in an enhancement in the charge density at the grain boundaries. The change in the silver vacancy and/or oxygen and sulfur content of the films as revealed from the energy dispersive spectra of the films suggests possible role of film composition on the grain boundary charge density.     

Reflections from polished single mode fiber ends

Abstract

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

The Effects of Polarization and Non-Linearity on the Performance of WDM System with Optical Cross-Connects

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

化学发光法测定巯嘌呤的含量

在流动注射系统中,利用巯嘌呤在碱性Luminol-K₃Fe(CN)₆化学发光体系中发光信号强的特点,建立了一种测定巯嘌呤的新方法。在优化条件下,方法的线性范围是1.02×10-7～1.02×10-9mol·L-1, 回归方程是Y=36.315c+140.72(Y是相对发光强度,c是巯嘌呤浓度与10-8 mol·L-1的乘积), 相关系数是0.998 2,检出限(S/N=3)是6.33×10-10mol·L-1,RSD为3.54%（c_i=2.0×10-9mol·L-1, n=12）。该法用于合成样品的测定,简便、灵敏、快速,结果令人满意。文章简要地探讨了巯嘌呤在碱性Luminol-K₃Fe(CN)₆化学发光体系中的化学发光机理：在反应过程中,产生大量的过氧自由基和羟基自由基,自由基与鲁米诺反应,形成激发态的鲁米诺分子,鲁米诺分子由激发态回到基态产生化学发光现象。