最大平均相关高度滤波算法在畸变目标识别中的应用

为了解决在联合变换相关器上无法识别复杂背景下畸变目标(目标的平面内旋转或尺寸改变)的问题,对其应用最大平均相关高度滤波算法进行畸变目标识别.首先在频域内优化最大平均相关高度滤波器的三个性能控制参量|然后将优化好的最大平均相关高度频域滤波器映射到物空间,得到最大平均相关高度参考模板.作为实例,本文对复杂背景下的军舰和汽车目标进行了光学识别实验,结果表明,当滤波器的控制参量为γ=1,α=0,β=0.1时,得到的MACH参考模板最为清晰,目标产生的相关峰最为尖锐明亮.通过这种方法,在联合变换相关器上能够得到的比例畸变容差为28%,旋转畸变容差为20°,对于超出上述畸变容差范围的目标,相关峰强度逐步减弱,但部分仍然可以识别.改进后的MACH滤波器在畸变目标的探测领域具有很强的优势和良好的应用前景.     

复杂背景下混合畸变目标识别技术

结合高斯函数和最大平均相关高度算法设计了高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器,解决了光学相关识别系统对混合畸变目标(同时存在比例畸变和旋转畸变的目标)的识别问题.在设计滤波器时,通过优化平衡高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器的标准差σ、输出噪声方差系数α、平均相关能量系数β及平均相似测量系数γ来提高高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器对混合畸变目标的响应能力.最后通过仿真实验可知,在畸变容差范围(比例畸变0.92~1.16倍,旋转畸变-8度~24度)内,Vander Lugt相关器利用单个高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器可以实现任意状态混合畸变目标的识别.作为实例,用高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器对复杂背景下的飞机目标进行了识别实验,验证了该方法的可行性.     

面积-极坐标变换在光学相关目标识别中的应用

应用联合变换相关器对目标进行探测和识别时,由于实际探测到的目标相对于参考图像存在比例、旋转、平移畸变,因此在传统的光学相关器中很难实现目标的探测和识别。为了更好地探测到目标,提出了面积-极坐标的算法,该算法利用相似图形之间的尺寸与面积存在满映射函数关系,实现了比例不变光学探测,并结合极坐标变换实现旋转不变光学探测,最后,对变换后的联合图像进行小波边缘提取,既能提取到清晰的图像边缘,又能有效地抑制噪声,不但提高了相关峰,并使得相关峰更为尖锐,成功实现了大尺度混和畸变目标的探测和识别。作为实例,对混合畸变目标进行了计算机模拟和光学实验,验证了该算法在大尺度混合畸变光学相关探测中的可行性。     

傅里叶-梅林变换(FMT)在畸变-不变图像识别中的应用

针对尺度缩放和角度旋转变化目标相关识别率低的问题,在联合相关识别中加入傅里叶-梅林变换方法.采用傅里叶-梅林变换(FMT)中的对数极坐标变换、梅林变换、傅里叶变换具有的旋转、尺度、平移(RST)不变性,可以提高JTC图像识别的性能,实现畸变-不变图像的识别.利用联合变换相关器对角度旋转0°～40°、尺度变化0～20%的目标进行计算机仿真实验.实验结果表明:在JTC中采用FMT可以实现畸变-不变图像的识别.     

旋转不变二值化联合变换相关识别方法

介绍一种基于二值化联合变换相关的综合鉴别函数算法，用等相关峰及Gram-schmidt展开获得的综合鉴别函数对迭代算法进一步优化，获得了适用于二值化联合变换相关的综合鉴别函数。采用这种算法制作的综合鉴别滤波器既有相关峰值高和相关峰尖锐等特点,又能识别旋转图像。计算机模拟结果表明：这种相关器在信噪比、光能效率、相关峰尖锐度和鉴别能力上都有一定程度地提高，实现了较高鉴别率旋转不变光学模式识别。     

最小方差综合鉴别函数的优化算法

介绍了一种基于最小方差综合鉴别函数的复合匹配滤波器的优化算法。这种优化算法将最小平均相关能量综合鉴别函数的迭代算法引入最小方差综合鉴别函数的设计中,不但可以识别带有附加噪声的旋转图像,而且减小了滤波器对样本识别的输出相关峰值波动,改善了滤波器的识别效果。计算机仿真结果显示,这种复合匹配滤波器在信噪比、相关峰尖锐度及鉴别率等方面都有一定的提高。     

同时实现极坐标变换和径向对数坐标变换的光学方法

本文介绍一种用一维函数坐标变换光学系统,同时实现极坐标变换和径向对数坐标变换的光学方法,给出了实验结果.讨论了在位移、旋转和比例畸变情况下实现不变光学相关的可能方案.     

基于小波变换的OTSDF滤波器优化设计

提出基于小波变换的优化折中综合鉴别函数(OTSDF)滤波器(W_OTSDF)算法,对其进行优化设计,利用小波变换的多尺度与带通滤波特性,提高平面集成2f光学相关器的相关输出峰值强度和信噪比(SNR)。利用Matlab搭建系统的仿真模型,获取W_OTSDF滤波器的优化算法。仿真结果表明,在平面集成2f系统中对旋转、缩放以及旋转缩放同时存在的畸变目标进行识别时,优化设计的W_OTSDF滤波器较OTSDF滤波器在峰值相关能量比(PCE)、峰值旁瓣比(PSR)、SNR等整体性能指标方面均有较大提高。理论分析与仿真结果均表明W_OTSDF滤波器较OTSDF滤波器具有更好的识别效果。     

最大平均相关高度滤波算法在畸变目标识别中的应用

为了解决在联合变换相关器上无法识别复杂背景下畸变目标(目标的平面内旋转或尺寸改变)的问题,对其应用最大平均相关高度滤波算法进行畸变目标识别.首先在频域内优化最大平均相关高度滤波器的三个性能控制参量;然后将优化好的最大平均相关高度频域滤波器映射到物空问,得到最大平均相关高度参考模板,作为实例,本文对复杂背景下的军舰和汽车...     

基于傅里叶-极坐标变换的相关结果后处理技术

在光学相关识别中,对相关输出结果进行后处理是保证图像识别准确性的关键之一。研究者通常采用神经网络技术对相关输出结果进行处理,并取得了较好的效果,但它需要预先准备大量的相关峰和噪声峰训练样本。根据极坐标变换能将笛卡尔坐标系下的旋转转变成平移的性质以及傅里叶变换的平移不变性,提出一种基于傅里叶-极坐标变换的相关结果后处理方法。验证结果表明:目标的旋转图像与目标自身的傅里叶-极坐标变换的相似度较大,而干扰图像与目标的傅里叶-极坐标变换的相似度较小。本文的方法在后处理阶段可对目标和干扰进行有效的分类识别,而且还能避免对相关峰和噪声峰训练样本的收集,从而使得光学相关识别系统的应用更加便利。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.