Analysis of the Range of Applicability of Thermodynamic Calculations in the Engineering of Nitride Fuel Elements

The domains of applicability of thermodynamic calculations in the engineering of nitride fuel are analyzed. Characteristic values of the following parameters, which affect directly the concentration equilibration time, are estimated: nuclide production rate; characteristic times to local equilibrium in the considered temperature range; characteristic time needed for a stationary temperature profile to be established; characteristic time needed for a quasi-stationary concentration field to be established on a scale comparable to the size of a fuel pellet. It is demonstrated that equilibrium thermodynamic calculations are suitable for estimating the chemical and phase composition of fuel. However, a two-layer kinetic model should be developed in order to characterize the transport processes in condensed and gaseous phases. The process of diffusive transport needs to be taken into account in order to determine the composition in the hot region at the center of a fuel element.     

Experimental confirmation of the Alhassid-Whelan arc of regularity

Evidence is presented to show that a group of nuclei, spanning a range of structures, corresponds to a previously proposed isolated region of regular behavior between vibrational and rotational structures that was never before observed empirically. Nuclei predicted to show such regular spectra correspond to Hamiltonian parameters that lie amidst those giving more chaotic spectra. We identify a key observable that has a one-to-one correspondence to this arc of regularity and which therefore provides both an empirical signature for it and a clue to its underlying nature.     

A new method of analysis of DLTS-spectra

We propose a new algorithm to obtain the energy and the capture cross section of a deep trap in the band gap of a semiconductor from deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. This numerical method requires only a single temperature cycle with a fixed rate window for data acquisition. It is capable to resolve DLTS signals with a shoulder, generated by two trap levels. Experiments with Schottky barrier diodes onn-GaAs demonstrate the contribution of a second trap to the EL6 level in GaAs and the superior reliability in cases of non-negligible resistivity of the back-contacts compared to conventional Arrhenius plot method.     

Reconstruction of spatio-temporal signals of complex systems

We propose a novel method to analyze spatiotemporal signals emerging from synergetic systems. By this approach we are able to reconstruct the spatial modes, as well as their dynamic interaction close to instabilities. Our method is an extension of the principal component analysis to the case of nonlinear self-organizing systems. We demonstrate our method by an example of a codimension one instability, apply the algorithm to a simulated Bénard instability and present a generalization to bifurcations with several order parameters.     

Mixture of outgoing and incoming electromagnetic radiation. Change of mass of the source of radiation

In a previous paper the author, using a method of successive approximations, verified by means of the Einstein-Maxwell equations of general relativity the well-known result that outgoing electromagnetic radiation from a source conveys energy, so that the source loses gravitational mass corresponding to this energy. The purpose of this work is to show a similar result for the general case of any mixture of outgoing and incoming radiation.This work is included in a thesis submitted by the author (1964) to the University of London for the degree of Ph.D.     

Abelian Extensions of the Group of Diffeomorphisms of a Torus

In this Letter we construct Abelian extensions of the group of diffecomorphisms of a torus. We consider the Jacobian map, which is a crossed homomorphism from the group of diffeomorphisms into a toroidal gauge group. A pull-back under this map of an invariant central 2-cocycle on a gauge group turns out to be an Abelian cocycle on the group of diffeomorphisms. In the case of a circle we get an interpretation of the Virasoro–Bott cocycle as a pull-back of the Heisenberg cocycle. We also give an Abelian generalization of the Virasoro–Bott cocycle to the case of a manifold with a volume form.     

On entanglement of quantum states of noninteracting subsystems

Simple models for measuring the characteristics of a system of two atoms that do not interact with each other are used to show that the nonselectivity of measurement, related to the indistinguishability of the quantum subsystems with respect to some general parameter, leads to entanglement of the atomic states of the subsystem selected in such a way. This entanglement is in no way related to some collective process and is only due to the effective measurement in an entangled basis. An analogy between the preparation of entangled states of a system of subsystems that do not interact with each other by a quantum reduction (a measurement) and a quantum evolution is found.     

Application of new methods of interpretation of meteor observations at the Institute of Astrophysics of Tajikistan

New methods of interpretation of meteor observations were developed and published in [1?C9]. The interpretation of ground-based observations of meteors and bolides available today in the scientific literature all over the world suffers from serious contradictions. Observers use the so-called photometric approach for determination of extra-atmospheric masses of meteoric bodies. This approach is based on the formula proposed in 1933 [10] and very simple ideas of how to describe the interaction between the atmospheric air and the surface of a meteoric body. These ideas are provisionally suitable to describe the flow around a body in a free molecular regime. Subsequently, the photometric approach was applied to all the meteor events including bolides. The main effort aimed to elaborate the approach included a choice of new formulas for the radiative efficiency.     

Micromechanism of the deformation process of macromolecular systems

The mechanism of cold drawing is described by a model of inhomogeneous deformation. The fundamental assumption of the model is that a random polymer coil subjected to an external stress forms a highly oriented strand and a residual rest coil that remains isotropic after a phase of elastic deformation. In this coil-strand transition model, the strand is growing during deformation by reduction of the volume part of the rest coil. In the volume-creating model, the constant orientation difference between rest coil and strand gives rise to a linear energy and entropy law and thus to a constant tensile stress. In the volume-conserving model, a decreasing power law for the stress-strain relationship is found, which is able to explain certain features of the cold drawing process.     

Dynamic measurement of beam divergence angle of different fields of view of scanning lidar

The laser beam divergence angle is one of the important parameters to evaluate the quality of the laser beam.It can not only accurately indicate the nature of the beam divergence when the laser beam is transmitted over a long distance,but also objectively evaluate the performance of the laser system.At present,lidar has received a lot of attention as a core component of environment awareness technology.Micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)micromirror has become the first choice for three-dimensional imaging lidar because of its small size and fast scanning speed.However,due to the small size of the MEMS micromirror,the lidar scanning system has a small field of view(FOV).In order to achieve a wide range of scanning imaging,collimating optical system and wide-angle optical system are generally added to the system.However,due to the inherent properties of the optical lens,it is impossible to perfect the imaging,so the effects of collimating and expanding the beam will be different at different angles.This article aims to propose a measurement system that dynamically measures the divergence angles of MEMS scanning lidar beams in different fields of view to objectively evaluate the performances of scanning lidar systems.     

混合物状态方程的计算

多介质流体动力学过程的数值模拟往往涉及混合物状态方程的计算. 做图法和Newton 法是混合物状态方程计算常采用的方法, 前者虽直观精度却差, 后者计算效率高却只具有局部收敛性, 当解与其初始猜测值相差较远时Newton法不一定能够获得收敛解. 为此, 本文给出一种具有大范围收敛性的嵌入算法(imbedding method)求解混合物状态方程, 其基本思想是通过引入嵌入参数, 将待解的混合物状态方程和易解的混合物状态方程线性组合, 构成嵌入方程组, 当嵌入参数从0连续地变化到1 时, 嵌入方程组的解由易解的混合物状态方程的解连续地变化为待解的混合物状态方程的解. 嵌入方程组可由Newton法迭代求解, 也可转化为以嵌入参数为自变量的常微分方程组, 从而易于由成熟的计算方法如梯形法等进行求解. 进一步利用热力学基本关系, Maxwell形式的微分方程描述了压力和温度随嵌入参数的演化速率与应变速率和组分质量分数演化速率的关系. 对铅锡混合物热力学量的计算表明了本文算法的有效性.     

一类类光测地线的加速度

类光测地线γ0(λ)与二维类空超曲面φ正交，λ为其仿射参量.假如在类光测地线γ0(λ)上存在一点r(r=γ0(λr))共轭于类空超曲面φ，则对于γ0(λ)上任一点q(q=γ0(λq))满足λq＞λr，一定能把γ0连续变形成一条从φ到q的类时曲线.当产生类时曲线的变分矢量场不是类光测地线上的广义Jacobi场时，这些类时曲线在趋于类光测地线时，它们的固有加速度趋于无穷大. 关键词： 类光测地线 共轭点 变分     

Decomposition of pure states of quantum register

The generalization of Schmidt decomposition due to Cartelet-Higuchi-Sudbery applied to quantum register (a system of N qubits) is shown to acquire direct geometrical meaning: any pure state is canonically associated with a chain of a simplicial complex. A leading vector method is presented to calculate the values of the coefficients of appropriate chain.     

Study of the dynamics of the roots of a low-voltage break-arc

In this paper, a preceding study is resumed (see Velleaud et al., ibid., vol.19, no.3, p.510-4 (1991)). A few modifications have been brought to the mathematical model used to process the induction signals measured. Thus, the dynamics of the anodic and cathodic roots of a 2500 A break-arc at 200 V can be obtained with a set up almost similar to a low-voltage circuit breaker     

Numerical computation of orbits and rigorous verification of existence of snapback repellers

In this paper we show how analysis from numerical computation of orbits can be applied to prove the existence of snapback repellers in discrete dynamical systems. That is, we present a computer-assisted method to prove the existence of a snapback repeller of a specific map. The existence of a snapback repeller of a dynamical system implies that it has chaotic behavior [F. R. Marotto, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 63, 199 (1978)]. The method is applied to the logistic map and the discrete predator-prey system.     

Improvement of accuracy of interferometric measurement of wedge angle of plates

A method is proposed for improving the accuracy of measuring the wedge angle of transparent plates using a lateral-shear holographic interferometer. Consecutive processing of a pair of interferograms with doubled number of interference fringes leads to reduction of the observational error by a factor of two compared to traditional interferometric methods. Data on the experimental validation of the method are presented.     

Measurement of surface concentration of fluorophores by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy

Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy is applied to study molecules passing through a small observation volume, usually subjected to diffusive or convective motion in a liquid phase. We suggest that such a technique could be used to measure the areal absolute concentration of fluorophores deposited on a substrate or embedded in a thin film, with a resolution of a few micrometers. The principle is to translate the solid substrate in front of a confocal fluorescence microscope objective and to record the subsequent fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity. The validity of this concept is investigated on model substrates (fluorescent microspheres) and DNA biochips.     

Study of the brightness of trumpet tones

This study focuses on a particular attribute of trumpet tones, the brightness, and on the physical characteristics of the instrument thought to govern its magnitude. On the one hand, an objective study was carried out with input impedance measurements, and, on the other hand, a subjective study with hearing tests and a panel of subjects. To create a set of different trumpets a variable depth mouthpiece was developed whose depth can be easily and continuously adjusted from "deep" to "shallow." Using this mouthpiece and the same trumpet, several instruments were generated which may be played in three ways: (i) by a musician, (ii) by an artificial mouth, and (iii) using physical modeling simulations. The influence of the depth of the mouthpiece on the perception of the trumpet's tones was investigated, and the ability of a musician, the artificial mouth, or physical modeling simulations to demonstrate perceptively noticeable differences was assessed. Physical characteristics extracted from the impedance curves are finally proposed to explain the brightness of trumpet tones. As a result, the physical modeling simulations now seem to be mature enough to exhibit coherent and subtle perceptual differences between tones. This opens the door to virtual acoustics for instrument makers.     

Visualization of high-order dispersion for compression of few-cycle pulses

We present a visually intuitive method for higher-order dispersion compensation based on multi-photon interpulse interference pulse scans. The dispersion values obtained from these scans are fed back as a correction to an acousto-optical programmable dispersive filter to compensate residual higher-order dispersions up to fifth order. This method is applied to the dispersion management of a non-collinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier. A grism-pair stretcher is designed based on a global dispersion balance which provides a large stretching factor and supports a spectral bandwidth of up to 320 nm. It is implemented in a two-stage three-pass non-collinear optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier and stretches 6-fs seed pulses to about 80 ps from 700 to 1,000 nm. The amplified pulses are compressed by material dispersion. Pulses of less than 10-fs duration with a pulse energy of 125 μJ are obtained at 20-kHz repetition rate.