自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞位移测量

自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞往复振动位移对研究发动机特性具有重要意义,然而该类发动机活塞位于高压封闭腔体内且结构较为紧凑,其活塞往复振动位移难于直接进行测量。加速度传感器具有尺寸小、安装方便和工作稳定等特点,提出了采用加速度传感器测量活塞位移的方法。根据加速度传感器测量位移的原理,建立了一套加速度传感器测量自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞位移的标定试验系统,以位移传感器为基准测试并分析了不同活塞振幅和不同振动频率下加速度传感器测量位移的误差大小。实验结果表明,在活塞振幅小于8 mm,振动频率大于20 Hz条件下,加速度传感器测量位移的误差小于5%。因此加速度传感器可以用于测量自由活塞斯特林发动机的活塞往复运动位移。最后成功把加速度传感器测量的自由活塞斯特林发动机活塞振动位移用于发动机循环指示功的实验研究。     

高空遥测激光多普勒检波系统研究

为解决远距离处人工地震波的检测问题,研究了光源的相干性,系统的稳定性．激光多普勒信号强度、信噪比,位移测量灵敏度和精度等理论及方法。采用在腔内捕人两个直径为1．8mm的可变光阑和输出光的准直结构(4倍)．增大光源的相干长度和可测距离;在两路光中分别加入声光调制器和λ/4波片．实现偏振态匹配并使系统工作更稳定,提高信噪比;采用透镜聚焦接收．增大信号强度;采用特伦逆向反射装置,消除它在位移或振动过程巾因偏摆或横移所带来的影响,使测量灵敏度和精度提高约一倍。将此系统用于2m处的振动进行原理性实验,其振幅测量相对误差为0．1％,可测频率最高为750Hz,因此可用于高空遥测人工地震波。     

频率扫描干涉仪漂移误差正反向扫描补偿法

频率扫描干涉仪对测量过程中光程差的漂移非常敏感,目标镜的微小位移会被放大几千倍,使得测量结果严重失真,因此必须消除或减弱漂移误差。针对现场测量中目标镜的低频振动或缓慢漂移,根据光频连续正反向扫描测量值漂移误差放大项大小近似相等、符号相反的特性,提出了一种光频连续正反向快速扫描的漂移误差补偿方法,并进行了频率扫描干涉仪漂移误差补偿实验,分析对比补偿前后的实验结果,验证了该方法的可行性。实验结果表明,在测量距离约1543.3mm处,目标镜振动频率为4.7Hz,振幅为1μm,采用补偿后,连续40次采样测量的标准差由补偿前的51.9μm下降到8μm。     

耦合型高频光纤振动传感器实验研究

提出了一种耦合型高频光纤振动传感器,并设计了相应的解调电路和信号处理系统.对高频振动信号的响应波形和频率进行了测量,研究了光纤传感器对不同的振动强度和不同方向的振动信号的响应,分析了不同结构和不同材质的传输介质对光纤传感器测量结果的影响.实验证明所设计的耦合型高频光纤振动传感器截止频率达到8 kHz,振幅测量灵敏度为325 mV/mm,频率和幅值响应误差小于1%.     

线阵CCD用于快速实时动态测量技术研究

重点研究线阵CCD快速实时动态测量技术。由于测量速度快，除应考虑CCD像元响应非均匀性、非线性等影响因素外，还应考虑采样频率、测量精度、动态范围、快速电路等问题。就上述问题进行了详细研究，并给出解决问题的具体方法。对于采样频率，除了满足采样定理的要求外，还要根据工程实际被测系统要求的振幅和频率，合理选择CCD的动态范围和光源功率。CCD信号处理电路除了采用高速器件小，还要根据具体情况采用其它特殊方法实现。     

激光超声中微振幅测量的干涉仪电偏频跟踪系统

激光超声是近些年来发展较快的研究课题。它应用于无损检测的一个重要问题如何测量微振动。由于需检测的对象是小于10~(-10)m数量级的微振动,一般采用干涉仪作为检测的主要手段。干涉仪可以测量微振动,主要有麦克尔逊干涉仪、法布里-珀罗干涉仪等。用干涉仪测量微小振动面临的主要困难是提高测量精度和整个系统的稳定性,使整个系统具有较好的抗干扰性能。我们在研究中采用了激光频率锁定方法。其     

正弦振动下动态调制传递函数分析与研究

振动导致航空相机成像分辨率下降,常采用动态调制传递函数(MTF)评价振动对成像质量的影响。根据线性光学系统的传递函数理论,针对任意频率的正弦振动,提出一种基于第一类贝塞尔函数的动态MTF计算方法,并以奈奎斯特频率处动态MTF不小于0.9为条件,得出低频振动的振幅容限随频率增加而减小,高频振动的振幅容限为0.2 pixel。通过对刀口靶标进行正弦振动下动态成像实验,得出理论计算结果与实验结果间相对误差小于4.25%,相比以往相关文献的分析结果,计算精度最大可提高18.5倍,因此该方法可用于预估和评价振动环境下航空相机的成像质量,对视轴稳定系统的设计具有指导意义。     

光纤光栅多点动态应变测量系统

本文报导了以光纤光栅作为传感元件的多点动态测量实验系统。本系统采用干涉法作动态信号的解调。动态测量的频率范围为100Hz至10kHz，在5KHz处的分辨率为27.5nε/√Hz，测量点数为1-4点。     

在线转子振动参数的光电检测

为了测量在线转子的振动信息,以半导体激光器为光源,以PSD(position sensitive detector)为探测器,基于光电三角测量法,建立了一套包括软、硬件在内的激光测振系统。通过对该系统的标定实验表明,实际位移与所测得的位移呈线性关系。在数据处理中,对所得到的复杂时域振动信号进行了离散傅里叶变换(DFT),从而在频率域获得了转子的振动频率和振幅信息。通过采用多线程高级编程技术,解决了数据处理时间、图像及数据显示、存储时间之间的冲突,实现了在线测量。经测试表明,该测振系统的测量频率分辨率可达到0.6Hz,振幅不确定度小于±10μm。     

基于数字全息干涉的实时微振动检测

基于数字全息理论的方法,构建了一套微振动实时测量的实验系统。通过运用基于全息干涉图像的振动快速解算算法,直接从记录的全息图中提取振动信息,实现对振动物体振幅值进行实时测量。该系统的接收光为散射光,使得测量角度不受被测物体结构的影响。通过测量由标准正弦波驱动的被测物微振动情况,对该实验系统进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,该系统能够实时测量微振动的振幅值（算法处理时间约为0.11 ms）,在550～2700 Hz频段内被测物的振幅较为稳定,系统稳定性误差为1.66%,真实地反映了其振动情况。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.