0.1~800 MPa压力下方解石拉曼光谱的实验研究

 利用石英的拉曼谱峰与温度和压力的关系，检验了在金刚石压腔中用方解石拉曼谱峰确定体系压力的可行性，并初步确定了在常温下方解石的拉曼谱峰与压力的关系。实验研究结果表明：在实验的压力范围内方解石稳定，且其1 085 cm^-1 谱峰约为石英464 cm^-1谱峰的3倍强度，因此非常适合作为热液金刚石压腔的压力标定物。在温度26 ℃、压力0.1~800 MPa条件下，方解石的拉曼谱峰（1 085 cm^-1）随着压力的增加，呈线形增大，其关系式为：p(MPa)=192×(ν_p－1 085)－21.8，1 085 cm^-1<ν_p<1 090 cm^-1。     

甲醇作为压标的拉曼研究

 利用立方氧化锆压腔研究了甲醇在温度301 K、压力169.2~713.8 MPa下C—H伸缩振动ν_{2 835}的拉曼特征,实验结果表明：在试验的压力范围内甲醇稳定,其拉曼位移和压力具有很好的线性关系。加上常压下的数据,拟合后得出压力与甲醇2 835 cm^-1拉曼线频率位移的关系为：p= -3.508 9[(Δν_p)_{2 835}]²+135.17 (Δν_p)_{2 835}+54.397(0.1~713.8 MPa)。因此在实验的压力范围内甲醇作为压标非常合适。     

14N+58Ni和14N+64Ni深部非弹性反应产物同位素分布的差异

实验测得¹⁴N(93兆电子伏)+⁵⁸Ni、⁶⁴Ni深部非弹性反应产物同位素分布, 发现这两者存在系统性的差异.     

常温高压下水的拉曼谱峰标定压力的研究

 利用金刚石压腔测定了26 ℃高压下水的O—H伸缩振动拉曼谱峰的变化,并对其进行分峰处理,初步确定了水的拉曼拟合峰ν_{3 244}的峰位置与体系压力的关系,且论证了利用水的拉曼拟合峰ν_{3 244}的变化标定金刚石压腔压力的优点以及应用上的局限性。实验结果表明：26 ℃时,在实验的压力范围内,由水的拉曼谱峰拟合得到的ν_{3 244}峰位置随着体系压力的增加呈线性减小。其关系式为p (MPa)=32.9(ν_p)_{3 244}+200.7（3 215 cm^-1< ν_{3 244}<3 244 cm^-1）。     

π介子在大变形核上的散射

在程函理论的框架下, 利用π核一级光学势, 我们讨论了π^±介子在大变形核上的弹性与非弹性散射. 在封闭近似下, 我们考虑了到达低激发态的虚激发对弹性散射的影响. 对于180MeV的π^±在¹⁵²Sm核上的散射, 理论结果与实验数据作了比较.     

π-核弹性和非弹性散射

本文用 Glauber 理论计算和分析了能量为260和280 MeV 的π^-12C 弹性和非弹性散射微分截面.与实验结果符合较好.     

电容式高膛压测试仪的动态特性分析

由于在压力的激励下新型电容式高膛压测试仪壳体产生的振动特性将影响测试仪的动态特性,因此着重研究了测试仪壳体的动力学特性,建立了壳体受外压作用时的动力学模型。理论计算表明,壳体径向振动的一阶振动频率在75kHz以上,而火炮膛压的频谱在5kHz以下,说明壳体振动对膛压测试精度的影响可以忽略。     

12C离子在27Al靶上的准弹性和深部非弹性反应

用ΔE-E计数器望远镜鉴别反应产物,研究71.5兆电子伏的¹²C离子在²⁷Al靶上引起的准弹性和深部非弹性反应,得到了反应产物硼、铍、锂等的能谱、角分布、以及在E-θ平面的d²σ/dQdE等高线图。对实验结果作了讨论。     

61.8MeV12C在27Al上的深部非弹性碰撞研究

用ΔE-E望远镜技术和飞行时间技术对61.8MeV的¹²C离子轰击²⁷Al靶的反应测量了从⁶Li到¹⁶O的诸同位素能谱. 得到了质心系微分截面等高图及出射碎片角分布. 从而得到轻系统深部非弹性碰撞过程的能量全弛豫值, 并在耗散模型框架中, 通过实验的能量全弛豫值与理论值的比较, 得到了出射道的库仑能、核势能与转动能各自的贡献. 通过理论拟合角分布, 得出双核系统平均相互作用时间在1×10^－21—1.4×10^－22秒之间, 得到了出射碎片分离时的最接近距离的参数值. 通过势能面的计算, 说明了出射产物产额的变化趋势. 并从总产物角分布分解出准弹性截面及深部非弹性截面数值.     

Cu100-xZrx金属玻璃压缩率及压力感生晶化现象

 本文采用金刚石对顶压砧高压装置和高压X射线技术测定了两种金属玻璃线压缩率曲线；得到Cu₃₀Zr₇₀和Cu₂₅Zr₇₅的线压缩率分别为2.7×10^-3 GPa^-1和2.3×10^-3 GPa^-1，实验最高压力超过30 GPa。实验过程中首次观察到Cu-Zr金属玻璃在室温下加压发生晶化的现象。     

Mechanical characterization of unplasticised polyvinylchloride thick pipes by optical methods

In this work a number of techniques (electronic speckle pattern interferometry, holographic interferometry, strain gauge and finite element method) are brought to bear in order to establish consistency in the results of strain measurement. This is necessary if optical non-destructive testing methods, such as those used here, are to gain acceptance for routine industrial use. The FE model provides a useful check. Furthermore, ESPI fringe data facilitates the extension of FE models, an approach that is of growing importance in component testing.

The use of in-plane and out-of-plane sensitive electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) for non-destructive material characterization of thick unplasticised polyvinylchloride (uPVC) pipes is presented. A test rig has been designed for stressing pipes by internal pressure. ESPI gives a complete mapping of the displacement field over the area imaged by the video camera. The results for the strain of uPVC obtained from ESPI data and from strain gauges are in good agreement. The value of Young's modulus has been obtained from the fringe data and compared with results obtained using holographic interferometry and from strain gauge measurements. The FE model also produces fringe data that is consistent with the ESPI results.     

InAs/GaAs量子点的静压光谱压力系数研究

采用有效质量模型和非线性弹性理论计算了不同尺寸InAs/GaAs量子点的静压光谱发光峰的 压力系数(PC).量子点峰位随压力的变化主要来自禁带宽度和电子束缚能随压力变化两方面 的贡献.由于InAs/GaAs量子点是一个应变体系，体系的晶格常数，失配应变和弹性系数均随 外加压力变化，使得加压后量子点的禁带宽度相对于非应变体系略有减小，同时势垒高度增 加，电子束缚程度增加.两者共同作用引起的InAs应变层的禁带宽度压力系数减小是导致量 子点的压力系数小于InAs体材料的主要原因.同时计算结果表明，电子束缚能随压力变化对 不同尺寸量子点的压力系数的影响不同，量子点尺寸越小，受其影响越大，压力系数也越大 . 关键词： 量子点 压力系数 应变     

Optical strain gauge vs. traditional strain gauges for concrete elasticity modulus determination

In the field of Civil Engineering, the evaluation of concrete elasticity modulus relies heavily on traditional strain gauges like electric resistance strain gauge, demec mechanical strain and compressometer. These strain gauges work pretty well but the sample surface preparation and the strain gauge adhesion are tedious and time-consuming. On the other hand, convenient non-destructive testing methods like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity have the disadvantage of large data scattering and low reliability. In this paper, we aim to develop a handy, reliable and cost-effective method for concrete property evaluation based on an optical technique called automatic digital image correlation (ADIC), which acts as an optical strain gauge. By incorporating an automatic searching approach, the proposed ADIC greatly expands the convergence range of normal digital image correlation (DIC) algorithms and is able to automatically determine concrete strain in real time without human interaction. After the optical strain gauge is set up, the axial concrete strain as well as the stress-strain curve is plotted in real time when the concrete sample under testing is loaded. The concrete elasticity modulus is then determined from the curve. A series of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed optical strain gauge. Comparisons are also carried out between the proposed optical strain gauge and traditional strain gauges such as electronic strain gauge, compressometer and demec mechanical strain gauge, which further confirm the accuracy, convenience and reliability of the proposed technique.     

Novel Optical Delay Line for Optical Coherence Tomography System

A novel all-fiber optical delay line for an advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is proposed. Using the distributed reflectance characteristic of a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), the optical delay can be obtained without leaving the fiber that forms the system. The proposed delay line consists of a pair of identical CFBGs. The gratings are cascaded in reverse order to cancel the inherent wavelength dependency of CFBGs. Tunable optical delay is obtained by applying small strain on one of the CFBGs through an attached piezo actuator. The small displacement induced by the piezo actuator is amplified by a factor of up to 100 due to the distributed reflectance characteristic of the CFBGs. This principle and characteristics of the proposed optical delay line are analyzed in detail.     

分体插接式光纤光栅应变片设计与实现

提出一种适合作为二次变换元件使用的通用型应变传感预制结构——光纤光栅应变片.它以裸Bragg光栅为研究对象,采用分体式设计方法把敏感光栅与连接光纤分别封装于独立的基体中,并通过两个基体相互之间的插入实现了Bragg光栅与测量光路的机械连接.理论分析和实验研究表明:光纤光栅应变片具有与Bragg光栅相同的反射谱,其测量线性度好,灵敏度高,温度误差则随被测试件性质不同而变化,当试件材料与基底材料一致时,温度误差可以忽略.     

光纤多轴应变计

本文介绍了一种用于应变测量的新型元件——光纤多轴应变计。这种元件的测量原理与以往的金属敏感栅测量原理截然不同，测量部分为光信号调制，具有灵敏度高、不受电磁干扰、耐高温、传输距离远等特点。本文对这种应变测量元件做了理论上的分析及实验研究，确定了光纤多轴应变计的测量方案，从而得到点的应力状态。文中还介绍了应变计的测量电路和温度补偿方法。对于这种新型光学应变计来说，作者对其性能与电阻应变片做了初步比较与探讨，这项工作还将继续下去。     

Strain distributions and electronic structure of three-dimensional InAs/GaAs quantum rings

This paper presents a finite element calculation for the electronic structure and strain distribution of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum rings. The strain distribution calculations are based on the continuum elastic theory. An ideal three-dimensional circular quantum ring model is adopted in this work. The electron and heavy-hole energy levels of the InAs/GaAs quantum rings are calculated by solving the three-dimensional effective mass Schr?dinger equation including the deformation potential and piezoelectric potential up to the second order induced by the strain. The calculated results show the importance of strain and piezoelectric effects, and these effects should be taken into consideration in analysis of the optoelectronic characteristics of strain quantum rings.     

Theoretical analysis of flexible strain-gauge sensor with nanofibrillar mechanical interlocking

A flexible, and skin-attachable strain gauge sensor based on interconnected nanofibers was recently reported with discernible gauge factor for a flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor. Here, we present a simple theory that can explain the observed electrical responses by employing the well-established friction law and electrical circuit analysis. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained under physical loads.     

Influence of the specimen geometry on the magnitude of the transverse piezo emf

The emf generated by the transverse piezo effect in silicon-type and several other crystals where current flows, as a result of strain anisotropy, contributes a convenient supplementary relation necessary for the determination of the coefficients of the piezoresistance tensor. The transverse piezo effect also finds an important technical application in transducers for the measurement of mechanical quantities. This study will be concerned with the extent to which the sides ratio of a rectangular specimen influences the magnitude of the transverse piezo emf and, furthermore, with the conditions under which the potential difference of characterizing the transverse piezo emf becomes maximum.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 69–73, April, 1976.     

材料力学基本实验中应变片粘贴误差分析

根据任意方向的应变公式,分析了材料力学基本实验中应变片粘贴方向、位置误差对测量结果的影响。