基于面阵CCD芯片KAI-1010M的TDI三线阵工作方式

介绍了行间转移面阵CCD芯片KAI-1010M的内部结构、工作时序和驱动系统,采用将存储区内相同像素在不同曝光时间的感应电荷叠加,实现了行间转移面阵CCD的时间延时和积分工作方式|采用Fast Dump Gate(FDG)功能快速清除电荷而只保留3行CCD信号以提高帧频,克服面阵帧周期长的缺点,实现三线阵工作方式,最终实现了三线阵的时间延时和积分成像工作方式.实验结果表明,此实现方式是可行的,最大帧频可达54.3 fps,控制曝光时间的方式灵活,而且能使CCD输出信号的幅度成倍的增加.     

基于面阵CCD芯片KAI-1010M的TDI三线阵工作方式

介绍了行间转移面阵CCD芯片KAI-1010M的内部结构、工作时序和驱动系统,采用将存储区内相同像素在不同曝光时间的感应电荷叠加,实现了行间转移面阵CCD的时间延时和积分工作方式;采用Fast Dump Gate(FDG)功能快速清除电荷而只保留3行CCD信号以提高帧频,克服面阵帧周期长的缺点,实现三线阵工作方式,最终实现了三线阵的时间延时和积分成像工作方式.实验结果表明,此实现方式是可行的,最大帧频可达54.3 fps,控制曝光时间的方式灵活,而且能使CCD输出信号的幅度成倍的增加.     

基于普通CCD的每秒百万帧高帧频成像方法

针对CCD图像输出时间长影响其帧频率的问题,提出了一种基于普通CCD实现超高帧频成像的方法.采用掩膜覆盖CCD的光敏区,建立图像的片上存储空间,消除CCD电荷转移输出占用过多时间的影响,可以使普通CCD的帧频达到每秒百万帧频以上.介绍了不同掩膜实现方案的优缺点,讨论了掩膜图像的恢复方法,采用条状孔掩膜方式建立了基于普通CCD的每秒百万帧高帧频成像系统样机,利用氙灯对样机性能进行验证,获得了14幅79×79像素的氙灯发光过程图像,样机帧频率达到了每秒200万帧的超高速度.     

基于帧频信号的图像存储时序控制方法

针对长时间服役光学设备图像存储系统性能退化和可靠性降低的问题,设计了新的图像存储系统结构。提出了一种基于帧频信号的时序控制方法,以帧频信号为基准驱动系统软硬件工作,结合秒信号、帧频信号与串口时间生成绝对时间,实现了四路独立数据流的同步采集,通过两级缓存机制保证数据采集-打包-存储之间的速率冗余匹配,对图像转移时间误差进行了修正。检测结果表明,系统时序得到了有效控制,长时间采集存储数据稳定可靠不丢帧,时间同步精度优于1ms。     

基于CPLD的空间面阵CCD相机驱动时序发生器的设计与硬件实现

在分析e2v公司的CCD47-20 Backthinned NIMO型CCD器件驱动时序关系的基础上, 设计了可调帧频和曝光时间的空间面阵CCD相机驱动时序发生器及其硬件电路.选用可编程逻辑器件作为硬件设计载体,使用VHDL语言对驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述.针对ALTERA公司的EPM9400LC84-15对设计进行了RTL级仿真及配置,完成了时序发生器的硬件电路.硬件实验结果表明,所研制的驱动时序发生器不仅可以满足空间CCD相机的驱动要求,而且还可以调节帧频和曝光时间.     

高分辨高灵敏度 CCD图像传感器驱动时序设计许涛1,张振海1, *,石志国2,张东红3,侯帅1,张亮1,王健1,

在分析面阵CCD图像传感器结构和驱动时序基础上,针对高分辨率高灵敏度ICX694ALG大面阵CCD图像传感器 ,研究其驱动时序发生器。以现场可编程门阵列 ( FPGA) 作为硬件平台 ,通过Verilog HDL硬件描述语言对该驱动时序发生器进行了硬件描述,采用ISE软件进行功能仿真,并针对XILINX公司的可编程逻辑器件XC3S1000进行了硬件适配。仿真测试表明,FPGA驱动时序发生器能够满足高分辨高灵敏ICX694ALG大面阵CCD图像传感器驱动要求,达到了设计要求。     

基于面阵CCD的时间延时积分模式的空间相机自动对焦

空间面阵相机在轨运动会产生运动模糊,影响自动对焦准确率。为解决该问题,提出行间转移面阵CCD的时间延时积分(TDI)模式实现去运动模糊。选取行间转移面阵CCD KAI-1003作为成像器件,利用可编程逻辑器件(PLD)控制时序信号,匹配CCD的行转移速度与目标运动速度,实现去运动模糊。实验表明该成像系统不仅能去运动模糊而且还大幅提高图像信噪比。去运动模糊后,根据较短时间间隔内空间相机拍摄的图像有重叠区域的特点提出一种空间相机自动对焦方法。通过配准算法找出序列图像间的重叠区域,并计算重叠区域的清晰度评价值,然后根据传递特性将评价值映射到同一个评价体系中,最后找到最佳对焦位置。实验表明该成像系统对高速运动的目标能够实现自动对焦。     

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪曝光时间控制技术

为了克服不带电子快门的CCD成像探测器曝光时间无法控制的问题,提出了改变驱动时序的设计方法.在帧频确定的情况下,通过在水平读出之后增加电荷释放状态,将一帧之内多余时间段的电荷迅速排放掉,可以有效地控制CCD曝光时间,并克服CCD最小曝光时间为水平读出时间的问题.实验结果表明,大孔径静态成像光谱仪系统的抗饱和性能得到了很好的改善且此方法的非线性度为4.61%.     

双分离渥拉斯顿棱镜同时偏振成像系统设计

为了实现对动态目标场景的偏振成像,设计了双分离渥拉斯顿棱镜同时偏振成像系统。该系统将分振幅与分孔径相结合,在两个探测器上同时获得四幅偏振分量图像,实现动态场景的偏振成像。在简述系统设计原理的基础上,重点介绍系统光学系统、核心器件以及系统光机结构的设计,并分析系统的偏振成像实验。实验结果表明:系统偏振分光性能较好,四幅8 bit偏振消光图像的残留灰度均在15以下;外触发信号同步控制透射和反射光路,系统最高帧频可达90 Hz,在帧频为25 Hz时同步采集了动态场景的偏振图像,并分析了场景的偏振度和偏振方位角信息,实现了动态场景的偏振成像;系统能够对最近成像距离以外的任意距离的目标清晰成像,系统分辨率达到76.9 cyc/mrad。     

基于相关双采样的线阵CCD信号采集电路设计

针对CCD信号相关双采样（CDS）难于实现的问题,介绍了一种简单实用、易于实现的线阵CCD信号相关双采样电路。该电路采用CPLD、AD9844实现了线阵CCD时序驱动、信号相关双采样、自动增益、A／D转换等一体化设计。实验表明,设计的采集电路能有效地消除复位等多种噪声的影响,实现对背景光的自适应调整,达到提高信噪比,改善视频图像的目的。     

Design of a very high frame rate camera based on an asynchronous CCD driving method

A very high frame rate camera is designed based on an innovative CCD driving method. The CCD driving method is mainly implemented on frame transfer CCDs. Asynchronous drive timing sequences are applied in the image and storage section of the CCDs. Several rows of the charge in the image section are binned onto the same row in the storage section, and there are the same number of images to be stored in the storage section before they are read out. Based on the new driving method, the frame transfer CCDs can work at a very high frame rate in acquiring burst images though the reading speed remains at a lower level. A very high frame rate camera is designed in this paper. The innovative CCD driving method is mainly of concern. An e2v's CCD60 is adopted in the camera system, whose full size resolution is 128 × 128, and the up most frame rate is 1000 Hz in the conventional CCD driving method. By using the presented method, the CCD60 based imager is capable of operating at up to 40000 frames per second (fps) at a recognizable resolution of 128 × 32. Comparing cameras using traditional binning and region of interest technologies, the frame rate is normally less than 5000 fps while the resolution is only 32 × 32 left.     

Design of a very high frame rate camera based on an asynchronous CCD driving method

A very high frame rate camera is designed based on an innovative CCD driving method. The CCD driving method is mainly implemented on frame transfer CCDs. Asynchronous drive timing sequences are applied in the image and storage section of the CCDs. Several rows of the charge in the image section are binned onto the same row in the storage section, and there are the same number of images to be stored in the storage section before they are read out. Based on the new driving method, the frame transfer CCDs can work at a very high frame rate in acquiring burst images though the reading speed remains at a lower level. A very high frame rate camera is designed in this paper. The innovative CCD driving method is mainly of concern. An e2v's CCD60 is adopted in the camera system, whose full size resolution is 128×128, and the up most frame rate is 1000 Hz in the conventional CCD driving method. By using the presented method, the CCD60 based imager is capable of operating at up to 40000 frames per second (fps) at a recognizable resolution of 128×32. Comparing cameras using traditional binning and region of interest technologies, the frame rate is normally less than 5000 fps while the resolution is only 32 × 32 lett.     

EBCCD的增益及信噪比研究

以背照明减薄CCD为基础的微光成像系统 ,可以得到视频信号速率的输出。这种减薄的电子轰击CCD探测系统 (EBCCD)在微光下的性能大大超过了像增强器耦合的CCD探测系统 (ICCD)。EBCCD能在微光条件下产生高对比度、高分辨力的视频信号。可以预料 ,它将在工业应用、军事应用及科学研究工作中取代通常使用的ICCD。详细讨论了影响EBCCD的增益及信噪比的各种因素。结果表明 ,若适当提高阴极和CCD之间的电压 ,减小CCD基片的厚度 ,可以进一步减小EBCCD的噪声 ,从而使信噪比得到更大的提高     

神龙一号参数测量用高速两分幅相机

采用长焦距镜头的后工作空间全口径分光原理,利用门控型像增强器、CCD相机、基于大规模可编程集成电路的高速快门控制触发系统等部件,研制了具有较高时间分辨能力和高灵敏度的两分幅高速相机,并在此基础上建立了束参数的高速测量系统。两分幅相机的最高快门速度约3 ns,幅间间隔时间则具有以0.5 ns的步进进行调节的能力;快门时间及幅间间隔时间可以分别独立调节,最大可到1 s;同时具有较好的线性度和空间响应的均匀性,等效背景噪声低到约5 electronspixel-1s-1,并且分幅相机灵敏度调节范围大。该系统一次可以拍摄两幅图像,图像阵列可达到1 0241 024,满足神龙一号的各种测量要求。     

New improved methods of X-ray detection

We present CCDs (CCD = charge-coupled device) as high performance X-ray detectors. These silicon pixel detectors (whose concept was invented in 1970) are mainly used today for detection of visible light with digital cameras. Generally, X-rays are detected by inserting a phosphorescent screen and collecting the light obtained onto the CCD. However X-rays can also be detected directly with excellent background rejection capabilities, good energy resolution and intrinsic pixel-size position resolution but with mediocre efficiency in a relatively small energy range and little or no timing information. For this application a slow, low noise electronics is needed. We will discuss how these detectors work, their advantages and disadvantages as well as future possibilities and limitations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于CCD近地面大气侧向散射系数廓线探测

本文建立了基于电荷耦合器件(CCD)的大气侧向散射系数廓线反演装置。利用该装置,测量了33°到145°散射角范围内的大气侧向散射光强;通过将CCD收集的空间散射光投射到平面散射角上,实现了CCD像元与散射角的对应,最终实现大气侧向散射系数廓线反演。装置采用的连续激光器还很好地解决了反演大气侧向散射系数廓线的实时性问题。     

A real-time video encoded particle imaging tracking technique for velocity measurement

A real-time video encoded particle imaging tracking technique (VPIT) for velocity measurement has been developed. It can currently capture images of a seeded particle flow field at up to a video rate of 25 pictures per second. The method as shown in this paper is suitable for measuring a slow sparsely seeded flow. A VPIT image presents a triplet image pattern. The image has been encoded into a single video frame with the time history of three events. This is achieved by synchronising the video (CCIR) signal from a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, operating in frame integration mode with a suitable light source. The principle of VPIT demonstrates how the direction and the magnitude of the velocity can be recorded for a sequence or track of particles. The VPIT triplet images resolve several common difficulties associated with the application of PIV. Firstly, the time history of the laser pulse can be ‘labeled’ on an individual particle image. Secondly, there is no velocity direction ambiguity in the VPIT image. Thirdly, it is possible to extract the acceleration of the particle from a single VPIT frame. Finally, for a sequence of captured frames, the problems of particle path tracking are simplified, because each VPIT image has a video encoded time sequence ‘labelled’ on it.     

基于TDI-CCD的高速小目标交汇测量系统

介绍了TDI CCD图像传感器的工作原理和成像特点 ,提出了基于TDI CCD的交汇测量系统 ,初步分析了该交汇系统行扫描速率和目标运动速率的同步控制问题。同一般线阵CCD组成的交汇测量系统相比较 ,TDI CCD构成的交汇测量系统能够提高探测灵敏度、扩大动态探测范围、增大信噪比 ,从而大大提高系统对目标的捕获几率。同时亦可减小照明光源的亮度及功耗。对大靶面、高速小目标物体运动轨迹的精密测量具有重要意义。     

高质量数字全息波面重建系统研究

基于阿贝成像理论对数字全息波面重建系统进行研究. 结果表明,利用成像系统对物光场进行变换,可以让物光场的高频角谱分量到达电荷耦合器件（CCD）探测器.为研究重建物光场质量,导出了CCD在光学系统后任意位置波面重建的计算公式,研究了物光通过傍轴光学系统到达CCD时波面重建系统的脉冲响应. 理论及实验研究表明,将CCD平面置于物光场像平面附近可以对物光场进行高质量重建. 关键词： 信息光学 数字全息 波面重建