热驱动室温行波热声制冷机的实验研究

本文报道了热声驱动的室温行波热声制冷机的实验研究。以氦气为工质研究了平均充气压力、工作频率等参数对制冷性能的影响。实验达到的最好结果为:最低温度为-47℃,在-20℃的制冷量为80W,按输入制冷机的P-V功计算,相应的制冷系数COP达到1.6左右。     

室温温区热声制冷机研究

热声制冷机作为一种新型制冷技术,具有效率高、可靠性好、环境友好等特点。目前,室温温区热声制冷机存在回热器声功利用量少、出口声功大、回收损失大等问题。本文基于SAGE软件,对室温温区热声制冷机的工作机理进行了研究。通过对两级及以上热声制冷机的制冷系数、制冷量以及进出口阻抗相角进行分析,探寻同时提高声功利用率和制冷量的方法。在分别以制冷系数和制冷量为优化计算目标的前提下,得到了室温温区多级热声制冷机的制冷量、制冷系数及声功利用率随级数变化的变化规律。计算结果显示,多级热声制冷机对出口声功的利用率存在最大值。可根据实际需求综合考虑制冷系数及制冷量,以得到较优的制冷工况。     

高效室温行波热声制冷机的研究(第二部分:电声压缩机驱动的行波热声制冷机的实验研究)

热声制冷机是利用热声效应将声能转化为热能的新型制冷装置 ,以其环保性及高可靠性等优点吸引着起来越多的科研者。该文研究对象为电声压缩机驱动的室温行波热声制冷机。首先介绍了制冷机的工作原理、设计及加工 ;实验系统建立后 ,改装曲柄 -连杆活塞压缩机 ,使之提供变频的波动压力作为该制冷机的驱动源。初步实验在充气压力 2 .0 MPa、氦气为工质的工况下 ,获得 2 6 4 K的制冷温度     

电机调相式热声制冷机研究

优化匹配出口阻抗是热声制冷机获得最佳性能的关键点之一。本文提出了一种电机调相式热声制冷机方案,它利用直线发电机提供热声制冷机高效工作所需的相位,同时回收制冷机出口膨胀功并转换成电能,提高整机效率。与现有技术相比,本方案的热声制冷机具有制冷效率较高、结构简单的优点,适用于冷量比较大、制冷温度较高、膨胀功相对较多的情形。此外,还可满足热驱动热声冷电联产的应用需求。本文基于经典热声理论,先计算分析了直线发电机入口阻抗、制冷机入口压比对制冷性能的影响。在此基础上搭建实验台进行了初步实验,在平均压力3 MPa、工作频率55 Hz下,获得了110 K制冷量158.3 W,制冷机相对卡诺效率为16.1%,将回收的电功计入后整机效率达到了31.4%。     

压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响

讨论了充气压力对热声压缩机的起振温度等性能的影响 ,着重研究了工作压力对热声驱动脉管制冷机性能的影响。对自行研制的驻波型热声驱动脉管制冷机进行了改进和优化 ,在最近的实验中取得了 1 2 0 K的无负荷最低制冷温度 ,达到液化天然气温区。     

高效室温行波热声制冷的研究 第一部分 方案及热力分析

文中对简化的热声网络法、T型传输线网络法以及传输矩阵法进行了比较讨论。采用简化的热声网络法对几种可能的制冷流程进行了分析 ,并确定出了可能高效工作的制冷方案。最后基于传输矩阵法对一种行波热声制冷机进行了分析和热力设计 ,得到该制冷机较优的结构参数。当制冷温度为 - 2 3℃时 ,其 COP可达 2 .86 ,相对卡诺热效率为 5 7%。     

液氦温区VM-PT制冷机的数值计算研究

本文对液氦温区Vuilleumier耦合脉冲管(VM-PT)制冷机进行了数值计算研究。为了减小来自室温的漏热,将气库置于一级冷头之上。采用SAGE软件建立了数值计算模型,以无负荷制冷温度为目标函数对制冷机运行参数进行了优化。为了进一步了解制冷机的工作原理,研究了脉冲管制冷机内焓流、声功、熵流、压力波、体积流率及温度的沿程分布,并对其相位关系和可用能损失进行了分析。计算结果表明,该制冷机可在平均压力0.9 MPa、压比1.61、运行频率0.8Hz时得到3.69 K的无负荷制冷温度,在4.2 K时可提供16.24 mW制冷量。     

直线压缩机驱动热声型低温热声制冷机研究

直线压缩机驱动的热声型低温热声制冷机是获得低温的一种重要制冷技术,它利用直线压缩机往复运动产生的声波驱动脉管产生热声制冷效应而工作。文中报道了由中国科学院理化所和深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心联合研制的系列液氮温区低温热声制冷机,其效率达到22%,为目前国际上所有公开报道的各类热声制冷机中的最高效率。该系列低温热声制冷机在低温下无运动部件、可靠性高,在红外探测器、高温超导滤波器等低温电子器件冷却方面具有重要应用前景。此外,还将对下一步的研究进行简单的介绍。     

室温温区自由活塞斯特林制冷机设计

自由活塞斯特林制冷机作为一种新型制冷技术,具有效率高、可靠性好、结构紧凑、环境友好等特点.目前,室温温区自由活塞斯特林制冷机存在回热器声功利用量少、出口声功大等问题,导致排出器反馈声功大、尺寸大,给加工工艺和实际应用带来困难.本文基于SAGE软件,对室温温区自由活塞斯特林制冷机的核心单元结构进行了设计.通过多级制冷流程,提高制冷的声功利用,同时探究排出器对制冷性能的影响,寻找减小排出器直径的有效方法.在以制冷系数为优化计算目标、限制排出器行程的前提下,得到了不同核心单元直径的三级自由活塞斯特林制冷机可实现的最小排出器尺寸.计算结果显示,总核心单元等效面积相近时,三级自由活塞斯特林制冷机的排出器面积可减小至单级的49％.即多级制冷机有效减小了排出器尺寸,推动自由活塞斯特林制冷机在室温温区的应用.     

低于氮临界点温度工作的热声驱动脉管制冷机研究

采用热声发动机驱动的脉管制冷系统,消除了系统中的机械运动部件,具有结构简单、运行可靠和环境友好等优点。文中基于Regen 3.2软件,设计并制作了一台采用热声驱动的单级脉管制冷机。该制冷机采用双向进气结构,脉管和回热器为U型布置。初步实验研究中,以氮气为工质,该脉管制冷机获得了117.5K的最低制冷温度,低于氦的临界点温度126.19K;以氦气为工质,目前获得了83.5K的最低制冷温度。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.