实际射频阱中多极势分量的计算和消除

采用边界元方法,计算了当实际射频阱出现帽极开孔、环极开环带以及轴向存在装配误差时阱内电势的多极分量,并给出其随孔径大小变化的规律。结果表明在一定条件下,某些非线性因素可以部分抵消从而产生较为理想的四极势     

聚焦透镜的像散对光阱力的影响

根据里查德-沃耳夫矢量积分公式,研究了径向偏振光通过具有像散的大数值孔径物镜后在焦点附近的光阱力。着重研究像散对轴向和横向光阱力的影响。研究结果表明,像散的存在导致了光阱力的势垒减弱,光阱中心的偏移,甚至是改变了有效捕捉区域,这将严重影响了光镊的轴向和横向对粒子的捕捉。通过对改变数值孔径的大小和孔径与光腰的比值,以及对不同大小的粒子捕捉效果的对比,可以改变像散对粒子捕捉影响的程度,从而改善像散对光阱力的影响,这对于光镊等精密仪器的操作是十分必要的。     

InGaAs(S)/InP应变量子阱能带计算和有源区材料的选择

本文利用K·P能带理论和形变势模型计算了应变对量子阱结构能带及能级的影响,提出了在压缩应变情况下,当固定发射波长时,利用InGaAsP做阱材料可对应变大小和阱宽进行独立控制,克服了应变较大时InGaAs阱材料阱宽较窄的困难。在伸张应变情况下,利用InGaAs做有源区较为合适。     

InGaAs(S)/InP应变量子阱能带计算和有源区材料的选择

本文利用K·P能带理论和形变势模型计算了应变对量子阱结构能带及能级的影响,提出了在压缩应变情况下,当固定发射波长时,利用InGaAsP做阱材料可对应变大小和阱宽进行独立控制,克服了应变较大时InGaAs阱材料阱宽较窄的困难。在伸张应变情况下,利用InGaAs做有源区较为合适。     

时域有限差分法利用聚焦光脉冲模拟介质球微粒所受单频光阱力

用三维时域有限差分法对光镊装置中介质球微粒所受光阱力情况进行模拟。根据Richards-Wolf矢量场衍射积分公式对消球差会聚透镜像空间中电磁场分布的表示,在总场空间中实现了对聚焦光脉冲的模拟。聚焦光脉冲与介质球微粒的相互作用,通过离散傅里叶变换提取出单频成分,利用计算光阱力的麦克斯韦应力张量公式,计算单频激光对介质球的光阱力。聚焦光脉冲的引入可以使一次计算得到多个频率下的计算结果。对相同的聚焦装置下介质球受不同频率入射光的光阱力情况进行了计算。计算结果表明使用线偏振光作光源时,大数值孔径聚焦透镜和短入射波长有利于介质球的横向操纵;沿光轴方向对介质球进行纵向操纵,需要大数值孔径的物镜和与之相适应的入射波长。     

实现冷原子或冷分子囚禁的可控制光学四阱

提出了一种利用单光束照明二元π相位板与透镜组合系统实现冷原子或冷分子囚禁的可控制光学四阱新方案.计算了四阱的光强分布，讨论了从光学四阱到双阱或到单阱的演化过程，并导出了四阱和双阱几何参数、光强分布、强度梯度及其曲率与光学透镜系统参数间的解析关系.研究表明，通过相对移动二元π相位板可实现光学四阱到双阱或到单阱的连续双向演化，获得了四阱或双阱间距与相位板移动距离的关系.该方案在超冷原子物理、冷分子物理、原子光学、分子光学和量子光学，甚至量子计算及信息处理等领域中有着广阔的应用前景. 关键词： 二元π相位板 可控制光学四阱 原子分子囚禁 原子光学     

含小孔光阑的谐振腔选模优化设计

本文从全衍射理论出发，建立小孔选模腔的计算模型并设对出相应的优化软件包。该软件可直接对圆形反射镜构成的小孔腔进行关于小孔位置和孔径大小的优化计算，并研究小孔选模腔的选模特性随小孔位置和孔径变化的规律。     

氮化物半导体耦合量子阱中非线性光整流特性:压电效应与自发极化效应

考虑了由于压电与自发极化引起的强内电场效应,基于密度矩阵与久期处理方法,理论考察了纤锌矿氮化物半导体耦合量子阱体系的非线性光整流特性。根据已经成功建立的耦合量子阱的内建电场模型,精确求解了体系的电子本征态。以典型的GaN/InxGa1-xN纤锌矿氮化物耦合量子阱为例进行了数值计算,结果发现共振光整流系数达到了10-6m/V的量级(体系的偶极矩阵元大小超过了2nm),这比同样尺寸的单氮化物量子阱的相应值高一个数量级。而且,计算还发现光整流系数对耦合量子阱的结构与掺杂组分呈现非单调的依赖关系,这一特性被归结为体系的强内建电场与量子尺寸效应对载流子受限特性的强烈竞争。计算结果还表明,通过选择小尺寸阱宽与垒宽的耦合量子阱,适当降低掺杂组分,可在氮化物耦合量子阱中获得较强的光整流效应。     

多量子斜阱构造及相应激子峰红移

文章研究了利用应变超晶格多量子阱材料中压电场来构造多量子斜阱，给出了斜率的定量描述，讨论了过临界厚度时的应变及压电场的大小，提出了可以通过调制压电场的方法到与外场调制量子斜阱中激子峰红移量同样的效果。     

P(o)schl-Teller势阱中非局域效应对透射光谱的影响

在考虑半导体量子阱中导带电子对外加激光场非局域光学响应的情况下,利用格林函数方法推导出了光透射率的解析表达式,并以典型的GaAs/AlGaAs为材料的P(o)schl-Teller量子势阱为例进行数值计算.计算结果表明,由于电子对激光场的非局域光学响应,半导体量子阱的透射光谱的谱线在共振峰附近出现明显地蓝移,蓝移的大小与量子阱宽度有紧密的联系.在有效的纳米尺度范围内,半导体量子阱越宽,透射谱线的蓝移也就越大.另外,光场强度和量子阱结构参数等因素对透射光谱的影响也被澄清.     

Optimum electrode configurations for fast ion separation in microfabricated surface ion traps

For many quantum information implementations with trapped ions, effective shuttling operations are important. Here, we discuss the efficient separation and recombination of ions in surface ion trap geometries. The maximum speed of separation and recombination of trapped ions for adiabatic shuttling operations depends on the secular frequencies the trapped ion experiences in the process. Higher secular frequencies during the transportation processes can be achieved by optimising trap geometries. We show how two different arrangements of segmented static potential electrodes in surface ion traps can be optimised for fast ion separation or recombination processes. We also solve the equations of motion for the ion dynamics during the separation process and illustrate important considerations that need to be taken into account to make the process adiabatic.     

Microfabricated ion traps

Ion traps offer the opportunity to study fundamental quantum systems with a high level of accuracy highly decoupled from the environment. Individual atomic ions can be controlled and manipulated with electric fields, cooled to the ground state of motion with laser cooling and coherently manipulated using optical and microwave radiation. Microfabricated ion traps hold the advantage of allowing for smaller trap dimensions and better scalability towards large ion trap arrays also making them a vital ingredient for next generation quantum technologies. Here we provide an introduction into the principles and operation of microfabricated ion traps. We show an overview of material and electrical considerations which are vital for the design of such trap structures. We provide guidance on how to choose the appropriate fabrication design, consider different methods for the fabrication of microfabricated ion traps and discuss previously realised structures. We also discuss the phenomenon of anomalous heating of ions within ion traps, which becomes an important factor in the miniaturisation of ion traps.     

Semi-analytical model for quasi-double-layer surface electrode ion traps

To realize scale quantum processors,the surface-electrode ion trap is an effective scaling approach,including singlelayer,double-layer,and quasi-double-layer traps.To calculate critical trap parameters such as the trap center and trap depth,the finite element method(FEM) simulation was widely used,however,it is always time consuming.Moreover,the FEM simulation is also incapable of exhibiting the direct relationship between the geometry dimension and these parameters.To eliminate the problems above,House and Madsen et al.have respectively provided analytic models for single-layer traps and double-layer traps.In this paper,we propose a semi-analytical model for quasi-double-layer traps.This model can be applied to calculate the important parameters above of the ion trap in the trap design process.With this model,we can quickly and precisely find the optimum geometry design for trap electrodes in various cases.     

Characteristics of electrical field and ion motion in surface-electrode ion traps

In this article, we calculated the potential function of the surface-electrode ion trap (SEIT) by using Green's function method, optimized trap size, obtained the coefficients of the multipoles and analyzed ion trajectories in the RF potential. The optimized SEIT not only increases its trapping well depth by a factor of about 15, but also has relatively good linearity of the field (or large quadrupole component). The current design of SEIT can work well either as the ion guide for ion transmission or as the ion trap for ion confinement. Our research can be used to calculate the potential function in the SEIT with different device parameters, understand ion motions in the traps and optimize instrument performance. The method for calculating potential function can be expanded to planar and halo ion traps.     

基于有限元方法的离子俘获装置模拟计算

利用有限元程序ANSYS,开展潘宁离子俘获装置的电场模拟计算。基于电场数据,结合Runge_Kutta_Fehlberg方法进行潘宁装置在多种模式下的离子俘获过程模拟工作,得到了准确的离子俘获结果。并对实际条件下具有偏离理想情况电极分布的俘获装置进行了优化计算及电场分析,同样实现了离子俘获过程的准确模拟。有限元方法用于离子俘获装置的电场计算以及后续离子俘获过程模拟流程的建立,为类似的电势阱离子俘获装置建造运行提供有效的技术支持。     

Ideal multipole ion traps from planar ring electrodes

We present designs for multipole ion traps based on a set of planar, annular, concentric electrodes which require only rf potentials to confine ions. We illustrate the desirable properties of the traps by considering a few simple cases of confined ions. We predict that mm-scale surface traps may have trap depths as high as tens of electron volts when parameters of a magnitude common in the field are chosen. Under similar conditions, micromotion amplitudes in a 2D ion crystal as low as tens of nanometers could be realized. Several example traps are studied, and the scaling of those properties with voltage, frequency, and trap scale, for small numbers of ions, is derived. Applications of these traps include quantum information science, frequency metrology, and cold ion–atom collisions.     

电子束离子阱对中性气体电荷交换的光谱诊断

在实验室天体物理研究中,电子束离子阱(EBIT)是极端紫外(EUV)和X射线波段能谱分析的重要实验平台,其中EBIT中心残余的中性气体对离子产生存在显著影响。研究了阱区中心残余中性气体对电荷态分布的影响,发现阱区中心残余中性气体和高电荷态离子之间的电荷/能量交换过程不仅影响离子的电荷分布, 而且对激发函数(离子分布比例随电子能量关系曲线)有着极大的影响。利用电离平衡分析方法成功诊断出阱区中心区域残留的中性气体分子数密度,以及内腔室的真空度。     

Combined ion and atom trap for low-temperature ion–atom physics

We report an experimental apparatus and technique which simultaneously traps ions and cold atoms with spatial overlap. Such an apparatus is motivated by the study of ion–atom processes at temperatures ranging from hot to ultra cold. This area is a largely unexplored domain of physics with cold trapped atoms. In this article we discuss the general design considerations for combining these two traps and present our experimental setup. The ion trap and atom trap are characterized independently of each other. The simultaneous operation of both is then described and experimental signatures of the effect of the ions and cold atoms on each other are presented. In conclusion, the use of such an instrument for several problems in physics and chemistry is briefly discussed.     

用DETC铁络合物捕捉生物组织NO自由基的ESR波谱解析

一氧化氮自由基具有重要的生物功能.但目前使用的自旋捕捉剂都不能有效捕捉细胞和组织体系产生的一氧化氮自由基.实验表明DETC(mononitrosyl dithiocarbamate)铁络合物可以有效捕捉生物体系产生的一氧化氮自由基,但用DETC在细胞和组织体系检测一氧化氮自由基需要在低温检测.生物组织在低温的ESR波谱和DETC铁络合物捕捉的一氧化氮自由基的ESR波谱互相重叠,使谱线解析有一定困难.本文分析了用DETC铁络合物检测细胞和组织体系产生一氧化氮自由基在低温可能出现的ESR信号的g值和超精细分裂常数.提出了克服使用DETC铁络合物检测生物体系一氧化氮自由基困难的方法.     

Suppression of heating rates in cryogenic surface-electrode ion traps

Dense arrays of trapped ions provide one way of scaling up ion trap quantum information processing. However, miniaturization of ion traps is currently limited by sharply increasing motional state decoherence at sub-100 mum ion-electrode distances. We characterize heating rates in cryogenically cooled surface-electrode traps, with characteristic sizes in the 75 to 150 mum range. Upon cooling to 6 K, the measured rates are suppressed by 7 orders of magnitude, 2 orders of magnitude below previously published data of similarly sized traps operated at room temperature. The observed noise depends strongly on the fabrication process, which suggests further improvements are possible.