Al-Cu和Cu-Al阻抗匹配交叉实验初步分析

在传统的利用化爆和二级轻气炮作为驱动源的状态方程阻抗匹配实验中，为了考核不同标准材料的可信度，采用了标准材料交叉检验技术。即依次利用这些标准材料作为测量某个待测材料测量雨贡纽线的标准材料，通过比较待测材料雨贡纽线数据的一致性实现对这些标准材料的检验。2004年在神光-Ⅱ装置上完成的二倍频激光Al-Cu和Cu-A1阻抗匹配实验，是一种交叉实验。这两类实验不仅铝、铜二者互为标准材料和待测材料，而且实验包含了正反阻抗匹配两种类型：铝-铜正阻抗匹配实验中冲击波由低阻抗铝进入高阻抗待测材料铜，铜-铝反阻抗匹配实验中冲击波由高阻抗铜进入低阻抗待测材料铝中。     

激光直接驱动状态方程实验铝铜阻抗匹配靶的制作和测量

阻抗匹配法是激光状态方程实验重要的测量方法，阻抗匹配靶的质量与靶参数的测量精度直接影响状态方程实验数据的可靠性与精度。因此，2004年致力于高质量铝铜阻抗匹配靶的制作，并努力提高靶参数的测量精度。     

激光驱动冲击波在铝-金阻抗匹配靶中的传播稳定性

 针对神光Ⅱ第九路激光条件，利用1维JB程序和多台阶靶技术对冲击波在铝 金阻抗匹配靶中的传播稳定性进行了理论和实验研究，实验结果与理论结果基本吻合。结果表明，激光驱动冲击波在铝 金阻抗匹配靶中传播时，高阻抗待测材料金中的冲击波稳定传播最大距离急剧减小。因此，在进行铝-金阻抗匹配靶物理参数设计时，应保证高阻抗材料金台阶厚度满足冲击波传播稳定性，然后再按照阻抗匹配实验中两种材料的冲击波速度比来确定低阻抗标准材料铝的台阶厚度。根据神光Ⅱ第九路激光条件，铝-金阻抗匹配靶中铝基底厚度选取为30 μm左右较好，金台阶和铝台阶厚度应分别小于10 μm和17 μm。     

大功率RF 离子源阻抗匹配电路的设计与实现

在大功率RF 离子源中,激励器的作用是产生等离子体,阻抗匹配电路是激励器吸收RF 功率的关键。将激励器等效阻抗视为一个电阻和一个电感的串联,采用了一种由一个RF 变压器并和两个可调电容组成的阻抗匹配电路,给出了视RF 变压器为理想变压器时阻抗匹配电路的分析模型,推导了阻抗匹配时两个可调电容的电气参数。当激励器实验装置使用一个石英玻璃激励器时,搭建了一个阻抗匹配电路,成功地将RF 功率耦合进激励器并产生了等离子体。     

基于阻抗匹配条件的树枝状超材料吸收器

基于树枝状金属结构单元的电磁谐振特性,设计了一种双面大小树枝状结构的超材料吸收器,该结构分别是正面二级树枝及正对的背面三级树枝.通过仿真模拟设计了不同的阻抗匹配方式,调节相应的结构参数,找到了阻抗匹配对吸收特性的影响.在最佳的阻抗匹配条件下,得到最大吸收率.实验测量表明,阻抗匹配条件下双面大小树枝模型可以实现90.01%吸收率.增加样品层数可以有效的增加吸收率,3层样品就可以达到99%以上的吸收率,实现工程意义的完美吸收.     

状态方程靶制备技术研究

随着状态方程物理实验的深入，对靶的制备精度和要求不断提高，采用原有的工艺制备的EOS靶已经不能满足物理实验的要求。考虑现有设备情况，采用轧机轧制法制备金属薄膜，精密切削加工楔形靶，真空扩散连接法制备Al-Cu阻抗匹配靶。     

压电换能器阻抗匹配技术研究

超声测距传感器是由压电换能器及其收、发电路所组成的，其中压电换能器的阻抗特性直接影响着超声测距传感器的性能。为提高超声波回波信号的强度，扩大超声测距传感器的作用距离，对压电换能器的阻抗特性进行了分析与测试，设计了压电换能器的阻抗匹配电路，并进行了实验验证。     

磁致伸缩超声换能器阻抗匹配网络的设计*

根据磁致伸缩超声换能器的等效电路模型和阻抗匹配理论,该文设计了一种优化的型匹配网络。该网络具有调谐、变阻和滤波的功能,适用于工作在中低频超声频率范围内的磁致伸缩超声换能器系统的阻抗匹配。仿真和实验结果表明:接入该型阻抗匹配网络后,驱动电源与换能器之间实现了最大功率传输,换能器两端电信号的波形质量得到优化,换能器激励电流提升了40%。该研究可为大功率磁致伸缩超声换能器的应用提供技术支持。     

EAST 装置离子回旋加热液态阻抗匹配系统的研究

介绍了EAST 装置离子回旋加热系统中的两种实现阻抗匹配的方式, 用三支节液态调配器取代传统的滑竿式三支节调配器和用液态相移器与单支节液态调配器相结合组成液态阻抗匹配系统。通过对液态阻抗匹配系统的分析, 表明这两种方式都能够较好地实现阻抗匹配。     

高频超声换能器的阻抗匹配研究

本文介绍了用于声学显微镜中超声换能器的阻抗匹配方法．由三个电感构成的T型结构被选作匹配网络，通过理论计算和实验调试得到了良好的匹配效果．文章的最后给出了实际的匹配结果．     

Al/Cu阻抗匹配状态方程测试靶制备工艺研究

 采用轧制技术和真空扩散连接技术，成功实现了Al/Cu阻抗匹配状态方程测试靶的制备，通过原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、台阶仪等测试方法，对样品结构及表面质量进行分析。结果表明：通过轧制技术制备的金属薄膜表面质量较好，表面粗糙度小于25 nm；扩散连接铝铜薄膜界面结合良好，为连续连接，扩散界面控制在150 nm以内。     

实验测定铜在0.4—0.8TPa压力范围内的冲击绝热线

本文报导了在“神光”高功率激光装置上进行的铝-铜阻抗匹配实验的结果。实验测得的铜在0.4—0.8TPa压力范围内的冲击绝热线,无论与化爆装置得到的低压数据的外推,还是与地下核爆条件下得到的高压结果,都相当接近。     

Photonic gap vanishing in one-dimensional photonic crystals with single-negative metamaterials

The properties of photonic band gap in one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of single-negative metamaterials are studied theoretically. Our study shows that the photonic gap will vanish at a certain incident angle when both the phase-match and impedance-match conditions are satisfied simultaneously, suggesting that the bandwidth and location of the photonic gap are strongly dependent on the incident angle and polarization. However, the photonic gap will not vanish and may become insensitive to the incident angle when the two match conditions cannot be met. Our study also shows that losses in metamaterials have little effect on the properties of the photonic gap.     

南丹铁陨石冲击绝热线和状态方程的研究

 用二级轻气炮作为加载工具，对南丹铁陨石进行了冲击压缩线测量，压力范围为62~208 GPa。用阻抗匹配法得出的南丹铁陨石冲击波速度D与粒子速度u之间的关系为：D=3.884+1.840u-0.12267u²（km/s），还据此确定了考虑到晶格非谐振项贡献的南丹铁陨石的三项式Grüneisen状态方程。     

SHOCK COMPRESSIBILITIES OF Fe UP TO 0.8 TPa AND SiO2 UP TO 0.4 TPa

Using uniform illumination of high-power laser on targets and the principle of impedance-match, the shock wave velocities in the standard material and the test sample have been measured experimentally on "Shenguang-I" laser facility from high-quality luminant signals produced at the back surface of target, and the shock adiabats of Fe and SiO₂ were obtained, respectively, in the pressure ranges of 0.35-0.82 and 0.21-0.41 TPa.     

SHOCK COMPRESSIBILITIES OF Fe UP TO 0.8 TPa AND SiO2 UP TO 0.4 TPa

Using uniform illumination of high-power laser on targets and the principle of impedance-match, the shock wave velocities in the standard material and the test sample have been measured experimentally on "Shenguang-I" laser facility from high-quality luminant signals produced at the back surface of target, and the shock adiabats of Fe and SiO₂ were obtained, respectively, in the pressure ranges of 0.35-0.82 and 0.21-0.41 TPa.     

重水的冲击压缩性

 用二级轻气炮作为加载装置，测量了重水（D₂O）的冲击压缩线，压力范围为10~43 GPa。用轴对称式电磁感应探头测量冲击波速度，测量精度约1.2%~1.5%。用电探针测量飞片速度，其精度约0.5%。用对比法原理进行测量，标准样品材料为无氧铜。实验发现，重水的冲击波速度随粒子速度变化呈斜率不同的两段直线关系，两线连结处出现拐折。分析认为，这一现象可能由液体D₂O分子在冲击波作用下的离解过程引起。     

Increasing energy relaxation time of superconducting qubits with nonmagnetic infrared filter and shield

One of the primary origins of the energy relaxation in superconducting qubits is the quasiparticle loss. The quasiparticles can be excited remarkably by infrared radiation. In order to minimize the density of quasiparticle and increase the qubit relaxation time, we design and fabricate the infrared filter and shield for superconducting qubits. In comparison with previous filters and shields, a nonmagnetic dielectric is used as the infrared absorbing material, greatly suppressing the background magnetic fluctuations. The filters can be made to impedance-match with other microwave devices. Using the as-fabricated infrared filter and shield, we increased the relaxation time of a transmon qubit from 519 ns to 1125 ns.     

Tunable broadband metamaterial absorber consisting of ferrite slabs and a copper wire

A tunable broadband metamaterial absorber is demonstrated at microwave frequencies in this paper.The metamaterial absorber is composed of ferrite slabs with large resonance beamwidths and a copper wire.The theoretical analysis for the effective media parameters is presented to show the mechanism for achieving the perfect absorptivity characteristic.The numerical results of transmission,reflectance,and absorptivity indicate that the metamaterial absorber exhibits a near perfect impedance-match to free space and a high absorptivity of 98.2% for one layer and 99.97% for two layers at 9.9 GHz.The bandwidth with the absorptivity above 90% is about 2.3 GHz.Moreover,the absorption band can be shifted linearly in a wide frequency range by adjusting the magnetic bias.This metamaterial absorber opens a way to prepare perfectly matched layers for engineering applications.     

Analysis of the Intrinsic Uncertainties in the Laser-Driven Iron Hugoniot Experiment Based on the Measurement of Velocities

One of the most challenging tasks in the laser-driven Hugoniot experiment is how to increase the reproducibility and precision of the experimental data to meet the stringent requirement in validating equation of state models.In such cases,the contribution of intrinsic uncertainty becomes important and cannot be ignored.A detailed analysis of the intrinsic uncertainty of the aluminum-iron impedance-match experiment based on the measurement of velocities is presented.The influence of mirror-reflection approximation on the shocked pressure of Fe and intrinsic uncertainties from the equation of state uncertainty of standard material are quantified.Furthermore,the comparison of intrinsic uncertainties of four different experimental approaches is presented.It is shown that,compared with other approaches including the most widely used approach which relies on the measurements of the shock velocities of Al and Fe,the approach which relies on the measurement of the particle velocity of Al and the shock velocity of Fe has the smallest intrinsic uncertainty,which would promote such work to significantly improve the diagnostics precision in such an approach.