基于局部梯度特征的红外微扫描成像技术研究

从空间邻近度和像素相似性角度出发,提出了微扫描和基于梯度特征加权插值技术相结合的方法.该方法利用320×240凝视型红外焦平面探测器,在DSP+FPGA硬件平台上得以实现.实验证明：与经典微扫描技术相比,它既能提高图像空间分辨率,抑制噪音,又能较好地增强红外图像的边缘.     

Assessment of the Performance of Staring Infrared Imaging Array Based on Microscanning Modes

Staring infrared detector arrays, which sample a scene with pixels of finite size, generate images that are affected by aliasing and blurring caused by the sampling process. One potential method to reduce the effects of sampling is microscanning. In this paper, the sampling-averaging modulation transfer function at half the detector spatial cutoff frequency is introduced to be as a figure of merit to quantitatively assess microscanning image quality for selected cases of fill factor. Analytical results show that microscanning process can significantly reduce aliasing in the reconstructed image, and that the improvement of different modes of microscanning process to the reconstructed image quality is different, which is closely associated with fill factor. The microscan sampling and restoration imagery are also simulated with pixel interpolation method to qualitatively verify the reduction in aliasing with respect to typical microscanning mode (2×2, 3×3, 4×4 microscan) for the detector array of 100% and 50% fill factor respectively. And, the determining method of the optimum step number of microscanning needed is discussed for the staring imaging array with certain fill factor.     

基于灰度相关的高分辨率红外图像重建

介绍了提高空间分辨率的受控和不受控的微扫描法。基于空间灰度相关分布特性,提出了一种微扫描误差修正算法,该算法利用灰度相关特性匹配低分辨率图像的位置关系。为准确评估成像质量,利用高精度METS-L型红外测试系统对MTF进行了测试。测试结果显示,该算法能较好抑制微扫描位移误差引起的图像模糊,有效提高了空间分辨率。     

Terahertz single pixel imaging based on a Nipkow disk

We describe a terahertz single pixel imaging system based on a Nipkow disk. Nipkow disks have been used for fast scanning imaging systems since the first experimental television was invented in 1926. In our work, a Nipkow disk with 24 scanning lines was used to provide an axial resolution of 2 mm/pixel. We also show that by implementing a microscanning technique the axial resolution can be further improved to 0.5 mm/pixel. Imaging of several objects was demonstrated to show that this simple scanning system is promising for fast or real time terahertz imaging applications.     

X射线光场成像技术研究

X射线三维成像技术是目前国内外X射线成像研究领域的一个研究热点.但针对一些特殊成像目标,传统X射线计算层析(CT)成像模式易出现投影信息缺失等问题,影响CT重建的图像质量,使得CT成像的应用受到一定的限制.本文主要研究了基于光场成像理论的X射线三维立体成像技术.首先从同步辐射光源模型出发,对X射线光场成像进行建模;然后,基于光场成像数字重聚焦理论,对成像目标场在深度方向上进行切片重建.结果表明:该方法可以实现对成像目标任一视角下任一深度的内部切片重建,但是由于光学聚焦过程中的离焦现象,会引入较为严重的背景噪声.当对其原始数据进行滤波后,再进行X射线光场重聚焦,可以有效消除重建伪影,提高图像的重建质量.本研究既有算法理论意义,又可应用于工业、医疗等较复杂目标的快速检测,具有较大的应用价值.     

非球面液滴微透镜固化控制和焦斑测量研究

利用电场改变液滴透镜的面形得到非球面,并实时检测其面形和焦斑图像,在适当的时候用紫外光固化液滴制作具有良好光学性能的非球面微透镜.比较了非球面液滴微透镜在固化前后面形、焦斑的变化和对透镜性能的影响,讨论了液滴透镜在固化过程中变形的机理和相应的解决方法.用分辨率50 nm的光斑探针扫描仪精确测量了固化后的非球面微透镜的聚焦光斑,测得了光斑轴向分布曲线和均方根直径3.384μm的聚焦光斑,经图像处理计算了透镜的点扩散函数和光学传递函数,评价了所制作的非球面微透镜的聚光和成像能力,并给出了透镜的实际成像图像,对于完善高品质非球面微透镜及其阵列的制作工艺具有重要意义.     

Three-dimensional integral imaging with large depth of focus by use of real and virtual image fields

We present an integral imaging method to enhance the depth of a three-dimensional image by displaying it throughout real and virtual image fields. When the product of depth and resolution square of the displayed three-dimensional image is used as a figure of merit in integral imaging systems, our method can maximize this merit especially when three-dimensional images with large depth of focus are displayed. The feasibility of our method is experimentally demonstrated by generation of elemental images by a computer.     

光子集成干涉成像系统微透镜排布设计与图像复原

光子集成干涉成像系统体积小、重量轻、功耗小,且系统分辨率不受单个透镜口径尺寸的限制,是一种新兴的成像技术.针对光子集成干涉成像系统图像复原问题,开展了图像复原技术和微透镜阵列最优排布研究,提出了基于压缩感知的光子集成干涉成像图像恢复技术,以及基于图像残差的最优微透镜阵列排布设计评估方法;通过计算仿真,可实现在有限空间体...     

Integral three-dimensional imaging with digital reconstruction

A computed three-dimensional (3-D) display system based on integral imaging is presented. The 3-D image is reconstructed by numerical processing of an optically observed image array formed by a microlens array. The algorithm for reconstructing 3-D images is robust, and it enables us to obtain the images viewed from arbitrary directions. This computer-based image retrieval makes it possible to improve qualities of the image such as contrast, brightness, and resolution by numerical techniques. Also, this method eliminates the need for special purpose optical equipment such as high-quality liquid-crystal display and micro-optics components to display the 3-D images. We present experimental results of 3-D image reconstruction to test and verify the performance of the algorithms and the imaging system.     

一种基于改进频域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法

为提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力,提出了一种基于改进的频率域图像配准技术的超分辨力图像处理方法。首先利用改进的频域图像配准方法估算出低分辨力图像之间的微位移量,然后采用Papoulis-Gerchberg超分辨力处理方法完成图像复原。利用不同重构方法进行了仿真及实验研究,给出了评价参数。模拟和实际显微热图像的处理结果表明:该算法可使图像质量得到改善,分辨的细节更多,可有效地提高光电成像系统的空间分辨力;处理算法简单,计算量小,可实现快速处理。该算法还可应用于其他不可控光学微扫描成像系统中,具有广泛的应用前景。     

微扫描技术对光电图像混淆噪声的影响

在分析采样理论和微扫描理论的基础上,引入了一个评价光电成像系统混淆噪声的品质因数,定量地分析了不同模式的微扫描对系统混淆噪声的改善程度。     

集成成像三维显示系统显示性能的研究进展

集成成像三维显示技术是利用透镜阵列获取和显示立体图像的一种三维显示技术。本文首先综述了集成成像三维显示系统的特点,考虑其系统性能主要受分辨率、景深和观看视场角的限制,对近年来集成成像三维显示系统在增大分辨率、景深和观看视场角方面的研究进展做了综合论述,比较分析了各种改进方法的优劣。最后,对我国集成成像三维显示技术的研究现状进行了总结,并简述了本研究小组在该领域取得的若干研究成果。     

光电成像系统中的微扫描技术

在介绍微扫描成像原理的基础上,介绍了目前国际上流行的各种微扫描技术,分析了它们各自的特点和利弊因素,以及在关键技术上有望取得的突破。     

Effects of device resolution on three-dimensional integral imaging

We present the effects of a finite number of pixels in elemental images on the resolution and the depth of focus in three-dimensional integral imaging (II). We show that the number of pixels in elemental images determines not only the lateral resolution but also the depth resolution. The minimum number of pixels required in each elemental image is calculated to avoid depth-of-focus degradation. We evaluate how II system performance degrades as the number of pixels in each elemental image changes. The product of the depth of focus and the lateral resolution squared is used as the performance metric.     

High-resolution beam steering using microlens arrays

Imaging or beam-steering systems employing a periodic array of microlenses or micromirrors suffer from diffraction problems resulting from the destructive interference of the beam segments produced by the array. Simple formulas are derived for beam steering with segmented apertures that do not suffer from diffraction problems because of the introduction of a moving linear phase shifter such as a prescan lens before the periodic structure. The technique substantially increases the resolution of imaging systems that employ microlens arrays or micromirror arrays. Theoretical, numerical, and experimental results demonstrating the high-resolution imaging concept using microlens arrays are presented.     

微扫描减少光电成像系统频谱混淆的数学原理及实现

光电成像系统由于欠抽样引起谱混淆,推导分析了包括均匀微扫描在内的非均匀微扫描在减少混淆贩数学原理以及与亚像素位移之间的关系,同时用计算机模拟实现了微扫描的一维和二维过程。     

集成成像大纵深物体的三维形貌获取技术

为了满足现代工业所需的大纵深物体的三维形貌获取需求,解决传统结构光三维形貌获取技术纵深较小的问题, 借助集成成像这种阵列式多视点获取技术,构建了基于集成成像的大纵深物体的三维形貌获取技术。从集成成像原理出发,分析了集成成像三维物点和同名像点之间的关系,得到集成成像光学获取系统参数和三维物体纵深极限之间的关系。在此基础上,利用相机和电动平移台构建了扫描式相机集成成像三维形貌获取系统,并对纵深从600 mm到3 600 mm相对独立的2个物体构建的大纵深三维物体进行了形貌获取。光学实验结果显示,该集成成像大纵深物体三维形貌获取技术能够单次获取纵深为3 600 mm的三维物体的三维形貌,为大纵深物体的三维形貌获取提供了技术支持。     

Reduction of distortion aberration in imaging systems by using a microlens array

This paper presents a technique that distortion aberrations of an optical imaging system can be reduced by using spherical lenses accompanying a microlens array. This technique is implemented by putting a microlens array on the intermediate image plane in the imaging system. Our experimental result confirmed that distortion aberrations can be obviously reduced after applying our proposed techniques.     

Multifocal optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo

Although ultrasound arrays have been exploited in photoacoustic imaging to improve imaging speed, ultrasound-array-based optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has never been achieved previously to our knowledge. Here we present our development of multifocal OR-PAM using a microlens array for optical illumination and an ultrasound array for photoacoustic detection. Our system is capable of imaging hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation in individual microvessels in vivo at high speed. Compared with a single focus, multiple foci reduce the scanning load and increase the imaging speed significantly. The current multifocal system can acquire 1000 × 500 × 200 voxels at ~10 μm lateral resolution within 4 min.     

超声虚源成像中自适应双向空间逐点聚焦方法

针对传统超声成像中图像分辨率和对比度随深度下降的问题,提出了一种基于虚源的自适应双向空间逐点聚焦超声成像方法。首先,使用超声换能器线列阵分子孔径分别定焦点发射和接收超声波,采集扫描线数据;然后将焦点视为虚拟点声源,计算虚源到空间成像点的延时,利用合成孔径原理再次进行空间逐点聚焦;在合成过程中采用相干系数进行自适应加权。采用空间脉冲响应法对不同深度的点目标和囊目标仿真成像,从而量化分辨率和对比度。在F数为1.5、焦距为10 mm时(对应子孔径阵元数为17)可以获得与64通道定焦点发射、动态聚焦接收相当的图像质量且在所有深度上保持一致。实际硬件平台的体模成像实验进一步验证了方法的有效性。该方法可在整个成像深度范围内保持和常规成像一致的分辨率和对比度,从而获得更优的整体成像效果。