钝体驻定燃烧器冷态和燃烧场的LES研究

本文采用LES结合FPV湍流燃烧模型数值模拟了钝体驻定火焰的冷态场和燃烧场,与实验数据进行比较,研究了火焰结构和流场特性,并分析了燃烧对流场的影响。结果表明,速度、温度和主要组分浓度的一阶和二阶统计值,均与实验值符合得较好。燃烧发生在当量混合物分数等值线处,先是沿回流区外边缘分布,然后逐渐向中心靠拢,最后在下游处类似于射流火焰。回流区前部当量混合面处的低标量耗散率和高温分布在钝体驻定火焰中起到了关键的作用。燃烧使气体发生膨胀,回流区变长,轴向平均速度和湍动能沿流向衰减速度降低,湍动能在内剪切层处的峰值降低。     

冲击高度对淹没冲击射流影响的数值预测

采用标准κ-ε模型和壁面函数法,对淹没液体射流冲击平板的半封闭流场进行了数值模拟,将不同冲击高度下的计算结果与激光多普勒测速仪的测量结果进行了比较,评价了标准κ-ε模型的预测性能,重点分析了冲击高度对液体冲击射流的影响,验证了冲击射流中环形回流区的存在,并根据数值模拟结果给出了回流中心位置随冲击高度的变化特征,得到与试验相一致的结果。     

高速水射流集束性的数值模拟及试验研究

本文采用VOF多相流模型,在400 MPa工作压力下,针对3种不同结构喷嘴产生的自由水射流流场进行了数值模拟和试验研究。结果表明:喷嘴出口处空气向喷嘴内部卷吸,一定程度上提高了其集束性;射流核心区轮廓呈现粗细交替的波动状,是诱发射流破碎的重要因素;射流上游的湍动能大小及旋涡强度对射流的集束性影响显著;该条件下射流轮廓的高速数码摄像照片定性地验证了数值模拟的结果。     

高焓横向射流尾迹区掺混燃烧的数值特性

尾迹区作为横向射流流场的重要结构受到广泛关注,其掺混和燃烧特性对近壁面区域的流场特性有重要影响.文章在对仿真充分验证的基础上,采用Reynolds平均模拟方法对Ma=8飞行条件下高焓横向射流尾迹区中的掺混和燃烧特性进行了数值研究.探究了冷热流场尾迹区中的氢气掺混特性,冷态流场尾迹区中的激波结构对氢气分布产生一定影响,热态流场尾迹区中存在多种氢气掺混路径.V形回流区中的高浓度氢气对燃烧产生了一定的阻碍作用.定量测量了尾迹区中的火焰结构,尾迹区火焰的顶点位置随高度增加向下游线性移动,受射流主流影响,尾迹区火焰的展向宽度在距离壁面一定高度后开始增大.对冷热流场中的主要参数进行了对比,燃烧消耗了氢气使温度升高,但是尾迹区中的流动速度没有明显增加,燃烧放出的热量没有完全转化为流体的动能.      

周期射流冲击下导流板流动换热特性数值研究

本文对被动隔热导流板在周期射流冲击环境下的流场特性及热响应特性进行三维数值研究,分析了射流喷管与导流板间距、导流板水平倾角及轴向倾角三个参数的影响规律。研究结果表明射流空气冲击到导流板后90%的气流被向上侧及前后两侧偏导,导流板的水平倾角越大则气流向上侧偏导能力越弱,轴向倾角的存在可实现对气流前后侧导流流量的分配。导流板耐热层温度在进入第四个射流周期后呈现稳定周期波动,射流冲击距离越小、导流板水平倾角越大则其板面温度水平越高。     

亚临界区圆柱绕流相干结构壁面模化混合RANS/LES模型

本文发展了一种具有壁面模化大涡模拟能力的雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)和大涡模拟(LES)方法的混合模型(简称WM-HRL模型),致力于对亚临界区雷诺数钝体绕流相干结构这类复杂流动现象进行高置信度的CFD解析模拟研究.该方法通过一个仅与当地网格空间分布尺寸有关的湍动能解析度指标参数r_k即可实现从RANS到LES的无缝快速转换,并且RANS/LES混合转换区的边界位置及其各个分区(包括RANS区、LES区及RANS/LES混合转换区)对湍动能的解析能力均可通过两个指标参数nr_k1-Q和nr_k2-Q准则进行预先设定.通过对雷诺数Re=3900下圆柱绕流场的系列数值模拟研究,获得了能够高置信度解析并捕捉其绕流场中三维时空瞬态发展相干结构特性的湍动能解析度指标参数nr_k1-Q和nr_k2-Q准则的组合条件.研究表明,该WM-HRL模型不仅能够准确获取圆柱绕流场中剪切层小尺度K-H不稳定性结构的精细谱结构,而且在同一套网格系统下通过变化湍动能解析度指标参数nr_k2-Q     

基于湍动能的水泵水轮机无叶区流动分析

水泵水轮机采用非同步导叶时,无叶区的压力脉动幅值增大,流动更加不稳定。为了弄清无叶区的流动形态,分析预开启导叶对无叶区流动的影响,选取预开启导叶开度为21°下的飞逸工况点为研究对象,基于湍动能求解雷诺应力并对无叶区流动进行分析,详细分析各正应力项对流动稳定性的影响规律。对比同步导叶流场分布,提出无叶区流动稳定性的影响因素。在预开启导叶尾迹方向接近叶片压力面入口处,存在一个范围较大的高湍动能区域,其与雷诺应力的极值位置基本重合。     

射流抛光多相紊流流场的数值模拟

 理论分析了射流抛光的紊动冲击射流特点,构建了射流抛光的垂直冲击射流模型和斜冲击射流模型。根据射流抛光冲击射流的特点,比较各种流体模型后,采用RNG k-e 模型应用于射流抛光模型的计算。利用计算流体力学理论的二阶迎风格式对抛光模型方程离散,用SIMPLEC数值计算方法对射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流和离散相磨粒分布进行数值模拟,得到了射流抛光过程的连续流场和离散相磨粒与水溶液的耦合流场,同时计算出了抛光液射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度、剪切力分布和磨粒体积质量分布,分析了垂直射流抛光模型和斜冲击射流抛光模型紊流流场的特点。     

基于MHD的磁射流抛光中流场的分析与模拟

从理论上分析了磁射流抛光中的磁场与流场的相互作用,构建了磁射流抛光的冲击射流模型,基于磁流体动力学对磁射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流进行数值模拟,得到了磁射流抛光过程的连续流场和射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度分布。通过比较射流抛光和磁射流抛光的数值计算结果,分析了磁流变效应对射流稳定性的影响,从射流的流场、速度、紊动强度等方面分析射流在磁场中稳定的原因。     

可压缩均匀湍流中颗粒对湍流调制的数值研究

本文采用欧拉-拉格朗日点源方法对颗粒调制可压缩均匀各向同性衰减湍流进行了直接数值模拟,颗粒和流场之间通过双向耦合相互作用,初始湍流马赫数达到1.2,研究了不同密度(St_0)颗粒对湍流调制的影响,轻颗粒(St_0=0.1)略微增强流体的湍动能和旋转运动;临界颗粒(St_0=1.0)也增强流体的旋转运动;而重颗粒(St_0=5.0)则会削弱流体的湍动能和旋转运动。对于流场的可压缩性,颗粒由于其惯性都会削弱可压缩性,并且颗粒越重,削弱越强。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.