非线性介质F—P干涉仪光束输出特性的理论研究

本文对准直光束射入含有非线性介质的Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪内的光场分布进行了研究。由于非线性介质与光的作用，从Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪出射的光束截面上的相移随位置的改变呈一定的分布，进而引起了干涉义的透射率和输出光束重新分布。当干涉仪两个面的反射系数较大时，输出光束截面出现光强和相移的跃变。这种现象与以前在平面波假设下所得的光强分布所得结论有较大的不同。     

非线性介质表面缺陷对激光光场的调制

以高斯光束为例,研究了非线性介质表面振幅调制型缺陷对光场的调制。基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分并采用泰勒级数展开方法,建立了高斯光束经过表面存在缺陷的非线性介质后的传输模型,得到了受缺陷调制光束经非线性介质后的光强分布解析式,研究了缺陷尺寸和光束在非线性介质中产生的附加相移大小对光强分布的影响,结果表明介质表面的缺陷尺寸越大,介质内产生的附加相移越大,光场受到的调制越严重。分别考虑了非线性折射率为正值和为负值的情况,研究发现相应的折射率值导致光束发生会聚或发散现象,并由于缺陷调制的作用,在光束传输过程中始终存在一光强极值点,且随着附加相移绝对值的增大光强极值点的峰值也随之增强。     

多功能F－P干涉仪

多功能Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪马建国，沈为国（安徽机电学院芜湖２４１０００）法布里－珀罗（Ｆ－Ｐ）标准具是一种重要的等倾多光束干涉器件，它可以实现一组又亮又细的等倾多光束干涉圆环．我们设计了一种多功能Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪，它是一种集等倾多光束干涉、光电转换、干涉仪动态扫...     

法布里和珀罗的科学生涯

 一、Ｆ－Ｐ多光束干涉仪１８９７年,由法国物理学家法布里与珀罗首先发明的Ｆ－Ｐ多光束干涉仪,作为科学研究的精密光学仪器,已日益得到了越来越广泛的应用．现在,人们通常在大学的光学与近代物理实验室,以及有关的光谱学研究实验室中都能得到Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪．Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪是由两块平行放置的平板玻璃组成．在两个玻璃板相对的平面上镀着薄银膜,银膜对入射光的反射率为９０％以上．镀银的两表面之间的距离一般是厘米或毫米量级,并且是可调的或固定的．人们把两板间隔固定的Ｆ－Ｐ干涉仪叫Ｆ－Ｐ标准具或Ｆ－Ｐ光谱仪．两块板本身有一定的小楔角,可以防止未镀银膜的外表面上因反射而产生的干涉．     

基于π/4相移平均的多光束干涉相位提取算法

菲佐干涉仪中如存在多光束干涉现象,干涉光强将不再是严格的余弦分布形式.在导出菲佐干涉仪中多光束干涉光强公式的基础上,给出了将其近似为理想多光束干涉光强公式的条件.推导了对多光束相移干涉图用四幅算法求解的相位计算误差,并据此提出了基于π/4相移平均的多光束干涉相位提取算法:通过采集相移间隔π/4的两组干涉图序列,将两次计...     

平顶光束经表面有缺陷的厚非线性介质后的光强分布

基于非线性薛定谔方程和分步傅里叶算法, 研究了高功率平顶高斯光束经过厚非线性介质后在自由空间传输的光强演变过程, 详细分析了介质表面缺陷对光强演化规律的影响.研究结果表明, 平顶阶数越大, 光束的自聚焦效果越差, 最大光强点越靠近介质后表面.入射光束的初始场强越强, 介质的厚度和非线性系数越大, 光束的自聚焦越强, 且极值点越靠近介质后表面.介质表面的缺陷使得光束在靠近介质后表面有较大的光强. 并且相位调制型缺陷比振幅调制型缺陷对光强的影响更大. 关键词： 平顶光束 自聚焦 缺陷 光强分布     

高斯光束通过含失调窄缝光阑的失调光学系统的传输特性

 利用硬边窄缝光阑的近似展开式和适用于失调光学系统的广义衍射公式,得出了高斯光束经含失调窄缝光阑的失调光学系统传输的近似解析式。模拟结果表明输出光束场分布与光束参量、光阑尺寸、ABCD矩阵元、光阑失调量和光学系统失调量有关。针对给定的光学系统和高斯光束定量分析了各失调量对输出光束场分布的影响,结果表明:光阑横向位移、光学系统横向位移和角位移均引起垂直于z轴截面内明显的光强非轴对称分布。当光阑半宽度为1 mm时,光阑的衍射作用使腰斑半径为0.5 mm的高斯光束产生-1.586π～1.465π范围的相对相移,且光阑横向位移、光学系统横向位移和角位移均引起焦平面前后相对相移的迅速变化。随光阑宽度变小,各失调量对输出光束特性的影响越明显。     

高Q法布里-珀罗腔中二阶串级非线性相移

在高Q值法布里珀罗腔中研究了二阶串级非线性相移.结果表明,通过改变入射光强,可以全光学控制基频光束的透射率和它的相移.基频透射光束的非线性相移相对入射光强的变化率被提高了腔精细度的平方.这可用作光子学开关器件 关键词： 二阶串级效应 法布里珀罗腔 非线性相移     

高斯光束斜入射法布里—珀罗干涉仪的透射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,研究了高斯光束斜入射法布里—珀罗干涉仪的透射光强分布。结果表明,当以较大角度入射时,输出为一系列空间分离的光斑;当以较小角度入射时,输出尽管为单一光斑,但是与输入相比,其峰值强度位置发生了偏移,且光斑变大。     

基于多光束干涉原理的相移算法研究

针对多光束干涉原理的相移算法包括算法误差及步长优化等问题，以菲索干涉仪精密测长为 应用背景进行了研究.利用干涉光学的基本原理导出了在多束光干涉(经光学面多次反射、透 射)的情况下干涉光强随相位分布的精确公式；在此基础上，通过数值分析的方法得出了利 用菲索干涉仪精密测长的相移步长的优化取值范围和干涉光束最佳初相位差的范围；对余弦 依赖算法所引起的光强误差分别就四步法、五步法得出了不同的依赖关系；并对多光束干涉 算法中几种主要的误差来源进行了不确定度评估. 关键词： 相移算法 多光束干涉 精密测长 不确定度     

Robust one-beam interferometer with phase-delay control

A robust one-beam interferometer with external phase-delay control is described. The device resembles a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the two arms are together in one collimated beam. However, the proposed device is not an amplitude-division interferometer but a wave-front division one. The phase-delay control occurs at the interferometer output with the help of two polarizing beam splitters, a quarter-wave plate, a Faraday rotator, and a polarizer. An additional phase delay is introduced by application of an electrical current to the Faraday rotator or by rotation of the polarizer (the latter is of topological origin), which permits the use of techniques of phase-stepping interferometry.     

Passively stabilized single-photon interferometer

A single-photon interferometer is a fundamental element in quantum information science. In most previously reported works, single-photon interferometers use an active feedback locking system to stabilize the relative phase between two arms of the interferometer. Here, we use a pair of beam displacers to construct a passively stable single-photon interferometer. The relative phase stabilization between the two arms is achieved by stabilizing the temperature of the beam displacers. A purely polarized single-photon-level pulse is directed into the interferometer input port. By analyzing and measuring the polarization states of the single-photon pulse at the output port, the achieved polarization fidelity of the interferometer is about 99.1 ±0.1%. Our passively stabilized single-photon interferometer provides a key element for generating high-fidelity entanglement between a photon and atomic memory.     

Solid-state interferometry of a pentaprism for generating cylindrical vector beam

We demonstrated the generation of a cylindrical vector laser beam using a pentaprism interferometer. The solid-state interferometer was made up of a trapezoid and right-angle prism, whose hypotenuse face was implemented with a polarization beam splitter coating that split a rotated TEM₀₁ mode beam into two orthogonal polarizations. The Ppolarized beam was reflected inside the prism twice, allowing a mode pattern without inversion; however, the Spolarized beam was reflected once resulting in mode patterns that form P-polarized beams rotated by 90°. We also held the phase shift of the two beams to zero by use of a phase shifter, thus the output of the superimposed beam was a radially polarized beam. We demonstrated the mode pattern and polarization purity of the output beam through the use of this configuration.     

Microscopy of non-birefringent transmissive phase samples using Sagnac laser interferometer

A cyclic interferometer, appropriately combined with a long working distance microscope objective, is adapted for quantitative phase microscopy. In such an arrangement, the sample information, in terms of the diffracted orders emerging from the sample, is carried by both the counter propagating beams within the cyclic interferometer. However, positioning the sample close to the input/output cube beam splitter and use of a suitably converging laser beam of light as the input to the interferometer ensure that only one of the counter propagating beams carries the object information to the objective while the other beam, which serves as the reference, allows only the undiffracted component to contribute to the process of image formation. Use of suitable polarization optics renders the interferometer its polarization phase shifting property. Using the proposed arrangement, the experimental results showing the quantitative 3D phase rendering of polystyrene microspheres and micro-wells etched in glass are presented.     

Fringe visibility and correlation in Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter

We study the wave-particle duality in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter from the viewpoint of quantum information theory. The correlations (including the classical correlation and the quantum correlation) between the particle and the which-path detector are derived when they are in pure state or mixed state at the output of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is found that the fringe visibility and the correlations are effected by the asymmetric beam splitter and the input state of the particle. The complementary relations between the fringe visibility and the correlations are also presented.     

基于光子晶体自准直和带隙效应的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪设计

结合能带图和等频图分析,基于光子晶体自准直和光子带隙效应,设计了一种紧凑、高效的全光子晶体马赫-曾德尔(MZ)干涉仪.相应的光分束器和反射镜均由缺陷结构的光子晶体实现.讨论了干涉仪的输出机理,并与时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟结果进行了比较.结果分析表明可以把MZ干涉仪作为一种气体、液体微型探测器.可在集成光学中起到重要的作用. 关键词： 光子晶体 自准直 MZ干涉仪     

Fiber-coupled dual-mode waveguide interferometer with lambda/130 fringe spacing

Predictions and measurements of a multimode waveguide interferometer operating in a fiber-coupled, "dual-mode" regime are reported. With a 1.32 microm source, a complete switching cycle of the output beam is produced by a 10.0 nm incremental change in the 8.0 microm width of the hollow planar mirror waveguide. This equates to a fringe spacing of approximately lambda/130. This is an order of magnitude smaller than previously reported results for this form of interferometer.     

Unambiguous measurement of surface profile using a Sagnac interferometer with phase feedback

The fringe profiles from a two beam interferometer with phase feedback are almost unambiguous over a range of 2π or more. This allows phase and therefore surface profile to be determined directly from output intensity of an interferometer. In this paper we describe how feedback can be applied to a polarisation Sagnac common path interferometer using a parallel aligned nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Initial experiments have shown that the device is capable of measuring profiles to accuracies greater than one tenth of a wavelength.     

Signal amplification based on the local nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Using the phase modulation of spatial solitons, a new scheme for all-optical signal amplification has been proposed in this paper. The considered structure is composed of the nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer (NMZI) with the straight control waveguide (CWG), the uniform nonlinear medium (NLM) and the linear output waveguide. The local NMZI functions like a phase shifter. The light-induced index changes in the local nonlinear MZI are responsible for the input beam routing in the uniform nonlinear medium. The coupling of the input beam to the output waveguide depends on its propagation direction in the NLM. It is shown that the signal launched at CWG can deflect the beam launched at the NMZI (input beam) and a modulated (amplified) output could be obtained at the output waveguide. Further, signal pulse may be reshaped by appropriately increasing the NLM length. In addition, amplification factor may be enhanced by increasing the NLM length and injecting an appropriate continuous wave beam along with the signal beam at CWG.     

Direct near-field phase measurement of laser diodes employing a single-mode fiber interferometer

A method of direct measurement of near-field phase and intensity distribution of laser diodes employing a single-mode fiber interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The phase and intensity of the output beam of the laser in the vicinity of the output facet are measured directly via interferometry. Using a 980 nm laser diode as an example, we obtained a beam width of 0.9 and 3.6 μm at the output facet in the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively. In addition, the phase information of the output beam was also obtained by using interferometry. This technique is particularly useful for laser diodes whose near-field phases are difficult to measure directly. The measured vertical and horizontal wavefront radius of curvatures of a laser diode are in good agreement with the calculation from Gaussian beam theory. Detailed understanding and measurement of the near-field phase and intensity distributions of light sources and optical components are essential for micro-optic designs with better mode matching to minimize the insertion loss.