槽式太阳能集热系统的实验研究

本文设计搭建了槽式太阳能集热系统性能测试平台,通过不同工况下的实验测试数据分析了影响槽式太阳能集热系统性能的主要因素;针对槽式集热器的瞬时效率、集热效率及换热器的热损失系数展开了实验测试与分析计算,讨论了工质流量变化对槽式集热系统性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:晴朗天气瞬时集热效率在0.35～0.65范围内变化,换热器热损失系数在1 W/(m~2·℃)以下,研究结果为槽式太阳能集热系统大规模应用提供一定参考价值。     

自然循环加热段内对流传热特性的实验研究

本文以常压去离子水为工质,对自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流传热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,自然循环工况下上升加热段内工质的物性变化及由浮升力引起的自由流动对对流传热特性有重要影响。通过分析,提出了计算自然循环工况下上升加热段内单相水的对流换热系数的经验关系式。     

混合工质高温水源热泵计算机模拟

针对高温混合工质热水热泵,本文提出了纯质及混合工质的热泵模拟程序;本程序详细考虑了混合工质纯传递特性对换热的影响,在只输入热泵系统结构参数以及外部换热参数的条件下,应用本程序能进行热泵系统冷热水温度、换热器温度场、制冷制热量及系统的性能参数计算。     

隔膜泵驱动两相流体散热回路实验研究

设计并测试了一台金属隔膜泵,该泵通过磁致伸缩致动器驱动隔膜往复振动,配合单向阀门实现流体的单方向运输。以该泵为压力源,搭载微通道换热器,并以斯特林制冷机为冷源,搭建了两相流体回路换热系统,对系统进行了漏热标定以及性能测试,结果表明,以氨为工质在-30℃设计工作点下,系统能实现最高150W的热量传输。     

液相工质中热声效应数值模拟研究

基于求解可压缩流体的N-S方程,分别计算水及R134a两种液相工质在二维空间内的热声波产生及传递过程,分析初始压力及左侧壁温阶跃值对两种工质热声压力波产生的幅值及波传递到右边界后与壁面的热流交换影响情况。结果表明,初始压力对两种工质热声波产生的幅值及与向右边界换热的热流影响不大;压力幅值及右边界传热热流强度随左侧壁温度阶跃值增大而增大;在相同边界条件下,R134a可以产生更大幅值的压力波,并且与右边界换热的热流较大。     

低温发电用翅片管换热器传热特性的数值模拟分析

为了深入研究低温余热发电系统用翅片管换热器的传热特性,文中建立了翅片管换热器计算模型,对工质R123在翅片管换热器内的传热性能进行数值模拟,比较管内工质R123在不同流速与温度时的换热特性,利用最小二乘法原理,对烟气侧和工质侧的换热关联式进行了拟合,得到了二者的换热准则方程,此外,利用实验方法对模拟结果进行验证。     

入口节流微通道换热器内相变传热特性

设计加工一种带有入口节流结构的铜基微通道换热器,理论分析其传热模型、实验测量微通道换热器内相变换热的传热特性和压力特性。结果表明:换热器内部的热传递过程为其主要换热模式;换热器表面温度随加热热流密度的增大而增大;微通道入口流速对表面温度影响较小;入口工质过冷度线性影响换热器的表面温度。热流密度在不同阶段对换热系数有不同影响,热流密度为360 W/cm~2时,换热器换热系数出现最大值;换热器压降随热流密度和系统流速的增加而增大。     

新型平板热管换热器热回收效率特性实验研究

本文针对普通住宅房间设计了一台新型平板式热管换热器,该换热器结构紧凑、体积小巧。为研究该换热器的使用条件,本文开展了不同工质(R113、R141b以及这两种工质的混合物)对该热管换热器换热效率影响的实验研究。整个实验在夏季工况下进行,热管真空度为1×10~(-3)Pa,充液量(灌入热管换热器内的工质体积与热管换热器体积之比)为1/3。实验结果表明:该热管换热器热回收效率较高。在整个风量范围内,R141b作为工质的热管换热器换热效果最好,最高效率达到了58.2%。     

小型通风换热器的实验研究

对自行设计加工的用于回收空调系统中余热的通风换热器进行了实验研究,并在冬季工况下对其工作特性进行了性能测试,得到了空调房间室内外温差和不同迎面风速对换热器的换热性能和流动阻力特性的影响。实验结果表明,该换热器具有换热效率高、阻力小的特点。其换热效率达到64．5％,具有明显的节能效果。     

超临界水在倾斜光管中的传热不均匀特性研究

对超(超)临界压力下水在倾斜光管内的传热特性进行了比较系统的实验研究.实验段管径为φ32×3mm,倾角α=20°;试验压力P=23~34MPa,内壁热负荷q=300~500kW/m2,管内质量流速G=300~2000kg/m2s.得到了不同工况下倾斜光管内壁温和管内换热系数的周向分布及其变化规律,考察了压力、质量流速及热负荷对倾斜光管内壁温度的周向分布的影响,重点分析了管内上下母线处内壁温度差随工质焓值变化的特性及机理,讨论了大比热区水的物性变化对倾斜光管内传热不均匀性的影响,并与亚临界压力下的对应实验结果进行了比较.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...