14MeV中子引起的Pb(n,x)203Hg, W(n,x)182Ta和W(n,x)183Ta的核反应截面测量

利用活化方法测量了14MeV中子引起的Pb(n,x)²⁰³Hg,W(n,x)¹⁸²Ta和W(n,x)¹⁸³Ta的反应截面.中子注量由监督反应⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb给出,中子能量利用⁹⁰Zr(n,2n)^89m+gZr和⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb反应的截面比来确定.     

合金元素对钢中NbC异质形核影响的第一性原理研究

为了探索不同合金元素对Nb C异质形核的影响,本文利用第一性原理研究了合金元素X(X=Cr,Mn,Mo,W,Zr,V,Ti,Cu和Ni)对ferrite(100)/Nb C(100)界面性质的影响,并且分析了上述合金元素掺杂前后界面的黏附功、界面能和电子结构.研究结果表明,Cr,V和Ti掺杂的界面具有负的偏聚能,说明它们容易偏聚到ferrite/Nb C界面,但Mn,W,Mo,Zr,Cu和Ni却难以偏聚到此界面.当Mn,Zr,Cu和Ni取代界面处的Fe原子后,界面的黏附强度降低,即这些合金减弱铁素体在Nb C上的形核能力.然而Cr,W,Mo,V和Ti引入界面后,其黏附功比掺杂前的界面要大,且界面能均降低,即提高了界面的稳定性.因此,W,Mo,V和Ti,尤其是Cr,能够有效地促进铁素体形核和细化晶粒.电子结构分析表明,Zr和Cu引入界面后,界面处的Zr,Cu原子和C原子的相互作用变弱;然而Cr和W引入界面后,Cr,W和C原子之间形成了很强的非极性共价键,提高了ferrite/Nb C界面的结合强度.     

高温快速固相烧结合成Zr1-xHfxW2O8的Raman光谱研究

首次采用高温快速固相烧结的方法合成了Zr1-x Hfx W2O8(x=0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 1)固溶体。合适的合成条件为: 温度1573~1693 K, 时间10 min~1 h, 该方法使合成时间和能耗比传统固相反应烧结显著降低。Zr1-x Hfx W2O8的晶胞参数与晶胞体积随Hf4+含量的增加而减小。合成的样品晶粒尺寸比常规固相烧结合成样品的颗粒尺寸较小, 颗粒大小在1～10 μm之间。拉曼光谱分析表明, Zr1-xHfxW2O8(0相似文献   

第一性原理研究Nb、Sn、Cu、Fe和Cr对Zr (0001)晶面抗疖状腐蚀性能的影响

采用密度泛函理论研究Nb、Sn、Cu、Fe和Cr 5种合金元素对氧在Zr(0001)晶面吸附能的影响, 发现Nb、Sn和Cu会促进氧在Zr(0001)晶面吸附, Fe和Cr对氧吸附的影响因吸附的位置不同而存在差异。研究5种合金元素对氧化后Zr(0001)晶面化学键的破坏情况, 发现Nb对Zr(0001)晶面破坏程度最小而且可以迅速复原, Sn可以使(0001)晶面相邻的两个化学键都变长, 对晶面的破坏性大。最后讨论5种合金元素在Zr(0001)晶面的偏聚能, 发现Sn、Fe和Cr偏聚能为负值, 容易偏聚到Zr(0001)晶面, 而Nb和Cu偏聚能为正值, 不易在Zr(0001)晶面偏聚。综合以上分析, Nb可以促进氧在Zr(0001)晶面的吸附行为, 氧化后(0001)晶面可以快速复原, 从而阻碍其他氧原子进入, 抑制疖状腐蚀的发生。Sn容易偏聚到Zr(0001)晶面, 可以促进氧在Zr(0001)晶面吸附, 氧化后会造成Zr(0001)晶面较大的破坏, 促进氧进入Zr(0001)晶面, 促进疖状腐蚀的发生。     

含Nb或Ge的锆合金表面氧吸附行为的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 研究了纯锆表面和含Nb或Ge锆合金表面上氧的吸附性质. 结果表明, Nb和Ge对Zr(0001), (1120)和(1010)表面吸附性质的影响各不相同. 根据计算得到的偏聚能结果, Nb和Ge迁移到Zr(0001)表面比迁移到其他两个表面更容易, 而Nb和Ge 都可以降低Zr(0001)表面对氧原子的吸附能力, 因此这两种元素都能抑制锆合金的初始氧化. 进一步的电子结构分析发现, Nb和Ge改变表面对氧原子的吸附能力是通过改变表面d能带的分布来实现的.     

Cross-section measurement for Ni（n,x）^58（m＋g）Co, Ni（n, x）^60mCo, Ni（n,x）^61Co and Ni（n,x）^62mCo reactions induced by neutrons around 14 MeV

The cross sections of Ni(n,x)~(58(m g))Co,Ni(n,x)~(60m)Co,Ni(n,x)~(61)Co and Ni(n,x)~(62m)Co reactions induced by neutrons around 14 MeV were measured in this work and calculated by a previously developed formula in this work.The neutron flux was determined using the monitor reaction ~(27)Al(n,α)~(24)Na and the neutron energies were measured with the method of cross-section ratios for ~(90)Zr(n,2n)~(89)Zr to ~(93)Nb(n,2n)~(92m)Nb reactions.     

Nb对C-15相V_2Zr和V_2(HfZr)系列声子性能的影响

本文用中子飞行时间方法对C-15相的超导物质V_2Zr,V_2Zr_(0.95)Nb_(0.05)及V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5),V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.3)Nb_(0.2)的热中子非弹性散射谱作了测量,发现Nb的添加对V_2Zr和V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)系列的作用不同,V_2Zr添加第三组元Nb后,超导临界温度Tc增加,声子频率“软化”,而V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)系列添加第四组元Nb后,Tc略有下降,声子频率则“硬化”。V_2Zr_(0.95)Nb_(0.05)声子频率比V_2Zr“软化”的结果与以前磁化率下降几何平均声子频率上升的结果不一致。对于V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)加Nb后声子频率“硬化”的现象用角动量分波表象的能带论方法分析电-声作用得出的杂化理论作了解释     

Zr,Nb,V在a-Fe(C)中的占位、电子结构及键合作用的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的方法计算了Zr, Nb, V固溶于a-Fe(C)后形成晶胞的体积变化率、晶胞总能、结合能、态密度、电荷布居数及力学性能,并由此研究了Zr, Nb, V与a-Fe(C)的微观作用机理.结果表明, V优先置换a-Fe(C)晶胞中顶角位置的Fe原子,而Zr, Nb优先置换a-Fe(C)晶胞中体心位置的Fe原子. Zr, Nb降低了铁素体的稳定性, Zr比Nb更难固溶于a-Fe(C). V固溶后增加了晶胞结合能,对晶胞主要起到提高韧性的作用. Zr, Nb, V固溶于铁素体后, Zr, Nb仅与Fe原子形成金属键,而V与铁素体晶胞中的Fe原子形成了金属键和Fe—V离子键,其离子键的作用均强于Zr, Nb原子与铁素体晶胞中的键合作用,是晶胞结合能增加的主要因素. Zr, Nb主要是通过弥散强化的方式改善钢铁材料的力学性能, V固溶能在一定程度上提高铁素体的韧性,是提高力学性能的主要原因.     

Y,Zr,Nb掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理方法研究了Y,Zr,Nb在Sn位掺杂SnO_2的键长变化、稳定性、能带结构以及态密度.结果表明:Y,Zr,Nb在Sn位掺杂SnO_2使附近的键长发生改变,改变量最大是Y掺杂SnO_2体系;掺杂体系的杂质替换能都为负值,表明体系为稳定结构;掺杂使SnO_2能级增多,能较好的调节带隙值;而Y掺杂SnO_2体系价带顶端有一条能级越过了费米线表明该体系呈现出半导体的特征;同时,Y,Zr,Nb掺杂SnO_2使导带底端的能级出现分离;在低能区的态密度仍主要由Sn、O的s轨道贡献;在高能区态密度的掺杂体系出现sp杂化的现象; Zr掺杂SnO_2的态密度能量向低能区移动.     

Nb对C-15结构V_2(HfZr)系列的超导转变温度的影响

本文中研究了C-15结构V_2Hf_(1-x)Nb_x,V_2Zr_(1-x)Nb_x和V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5-x)Nb_x系列的超导转变温度T_c与Nb合量x的关系,发现V_2Zr,V_2Hf加Nb后与V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)加Nb后性能显著不同。测定了V_2Zr,V_2Hf和V_2Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)的X射线光电子能谱。结果表明,当Hf原子和Zr原子共存于AB_2化合物的A位上时,发生了一种增强原子间相互作用的新的电荷转移。这个事实支持由角动量分波表象能带论方法分析电声耦合超导原理的结果对四元V_2(HfZrNb)系列的超导行为提出的一种可能解释:4d-5d原子配位可能有助于提高4d导带的杂化程度,从而有利于提高超导T_c。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.