高分辨率Czerny-Turner光谱仪光学系统设计

为了克服光栅光谱仪分辨率低、像差较大、体积大的缺点,根据光谱仪工作原理和几何光学像差理论,设计了一种光谱范围为350~450nm的Czerny-Turner光谱仪光学系统.计算了光学系统各光学元件的特征参量和系统结构参量.运用光学设计软件Zemax对系统进行光线追迹与优化设计,并对设计结果进行分析.理论和实验结果均表明,该系统在350~450nm光谱范围内分辨率小于0.1nm,系统体积约为105×105×20mm3,整个光学系统具有结构简单、体积小、分辨率高、稳定性好等优点.     

近红外微型光谱仪光学系统设计与模拟

基于光谱仪基本工作原理和光学设计理论,以系统微型化、且能满足一定光谱范围和分辨率要求为具体设计目标,提出了基于平面衍射光栅分光的交叉式C-T结构的近红外微型光谱仪光学系统结构方案。采用ZEMAX软件对近红外微型光谱仪的分光系统、成像系统进行了优化设计与模拟分析。最终设计与模拟分析结果表明,该光学系统光谱范围为900～1 700 nm,分辨率<10 nm,谱面展宽为12.74 mm,F数为8.128 388,系统体积为51.26 mm×41.81 mm×22 mm。     

光栅色散临边成像光谱仪的研究

临边成像光谱仪是一种对大气遥感探测有重要研究和应用价值的新型空间光学遥感仪器。从大气临边成像光谱探测的原理出发,设计并研制了光栅色散紫外/可见临边成像光谱仪原理样机。该样机采用宽波段折射式消色差前置望远光学系统与改进的Czerny-Turner光谱成像系统匹配的结构型式,其中,前置望远光学系统为像方远心,光谱成像系统为物方远心。工作波段为540~780 nm(一级衍射光谱)和270~390 nm(二级衍射光谱),通过切换可见、紫外带通滤光片来实现两个波段分别探测,质量为8 kg,体积为450 mm×250 mm×200 mm。实验检测结果表明,该样机的空间分辨率为0.45 mrad,光谱分辨率为1.3 nm,均满足设计指标要求,并且具有体积小、质量小等特点,适合空间遥感应用。     

便携式分光测色仪光学设计

光学系统是分光光度计的核心部分,以光谱仪基本原理和光学设计理论为基础,以便携化、低成本、且满足设计要求的光谱范围和分辨率为具体设计目标,对李特洛系统、艾伯特-法斯梯系统、切尔尼-特纳系统、交叉式切尔尼-特纳系统这4种可行的设计方案进行了比较与分析,提出以平面衍射光栅作为色散元件的非对称交叉式C zerny-Turner结构作为该设计的系统结构。用光学软件对该系统进行模拟和优化,设计结果表明:设计的系统光谱范围为360 nm～740 nm,光谱分辨率为10 nm、F数为5.25、光谱展开为44.1 mm、系统体积约80 mm×69 mm×62 mm,满足精度高、体积小及成本低等设计要求。     

二维全谱高分辨中阶梯光谱仪光学系统设计

传统的罗兰圆光谱仪和Czerny-Turner型光谱仪常常采用刻线密的光栅和大的成像焦距,来提高其光谱分辨率,其结果导致成本高和仪器体积庞大。为了克服这一缺点,提出了一种中阶梯光栅和低色散棱镜相结合的光谱仪光学系统设计方法。具体分析了中阶梯光栅的基本原理和使用方法,给出设计基于中阶梯光栅的光谱仪基本步骤,并且实际设计了基于中阶梯光栅的高分辨光谱仪光学系统,焦距为400 mm,可在全谱工作波段180~800 nm成二维光谱。Zemax光学设计软件对光学系统进行光线追迹结果表明,该系统环围能量在单个CCD像素(24 mm×24 mm)内达到50%~70%以上,200 nm处分辨率可达0.00675 nm,完全满足设计指标要求。     

微型DMD哈达玛变换近红外光谱仪

提出并设计了一个应用数字微镜(DMD)的哈达玛变换近红外光谱仪。以光栅为分光元件,用DMD代替传统的机械式哈达玛编码模板进行光学调制,用In Ga As单点光电二极管探测调制后的光谱信号。综合考虑分辨率、能量利用率、像差和体积等因素,合理选择狭缝长和宽、光栅入射角及透镜焦距,采用光路分段优化法进行光学设计,通过DMD面阵上的狭缝像和探测器上的点斑尺寸等分析设计结果。模拟分辨率优于4 nm,探测器上点斑尺寸小于3 mm,光学系统尺寸为75 mm×25 mm×85 mm。为提高光谱仪对弱光谱信号的探测能力,在系统前加入了一种集光结构,使从光纤出射的光能的利用率理论值提高24.2%。实验结果表明,该光谱仪的光谱分辨率优于6 nm,通过添加集光结构可以大大提高光谱仪的能量利用效率。该光谱仪具有分辨率高、能量利用率高、体积小、成本低等优点,有广阔的应用前景。     

基于离轴三反光学系统的高分辨率中阶梯光栅光谱仪

基于离轴三反光学系统和多列线阵探测器,设计了一种具有宽波段高光谱分辨率的中阶梯光栅光谱仪.首先,以仪器性能指标为约束优化中阶梯光栅的结构参数,使光栅在保证高色散的同时将宽工作波段折叠重合在较小的光谱级次内,并采用多列线阵探测器采集信号.然后,以离轴三反光学系统作为会聚镜,以离轴抛物镜作为准直镜,实现了高色散宽自由光谱的像差校正.最终,设计的中阶梯光栅光谱仪工作波段为400～900 nm,F数为4.5,光谱分辨率在402.31,541.82,870.48 nm时分别为0.003,0.004,0.005 nm,系统体积为380 mm×325 mm×230 mm.     

双罗兰圆结构光谱仪的光学系统设计

提出一种基于双罗兰圆光学结构的光谱仪光学系统及其设计方法。其中,200 nm～500 nm光路为常规的罗兰圆光学结构;500 nm～700 nm光路运用凹面光栅第零衍射级次光谱线,利用平面反光镜将谱线射入另一个凹面光栅,实现了双罗兰圆光学结构。根据设计要求及光学系统各个参数之间的相互约束,设计、计算出光学系统各个参数指标,基于Zemax仿真分析,调整光学参数并验证光学系统的可行性。针对平面信号探测器在罗兰圆周上存在像差问题,利用反光镜增添信号探测器的可摆放个数,使像差比初始结构减小4.475 μm,光谱仪整体光学结构尺寸小于400 mm × 500 mm。仿真结果表明:光谱仪所测的光谱波段范围可达200 nm～700 nm,全波段分辨率达0.4 nm。     

新型便携式中阶梯光栅光谱仪光学设计与消杂散光研究

中阶梯光栅光谱仪凭借着高分辨率、小体积、全谱瞬态直读等优异特性成为了现代光谱仪器研究的热点和重点。为了进一步缩小它的体积,提高仪器信噪比和检出限,设计了一种新型结构的中阶梯光栅光谱仪,其折叠主光路的设计可以在不改变成像质量、不降低光谱分辨率的前提下减小仪器体积,光学尺寸小于165 mm×70 mm×65 mm,光谱分辨率为0.06 nm@200 nm。同时设计了挡板、光阑等结构减小仪器的杂散光,经过光线追迹仿真实验,新型中阶梯光栅光谱仪杂散光低于2×10-5,显著地提高了仪器的信噪比。     

基于双直角分束器的反射式静态傅里叶光谱仪光学系统EI北大核心CSCD

基于双直角分束器设计了一种反射式静态傅里叶变换光谱仪光学系统,并搭建了样机。该光谱仪光学系统的分光装置采用双直角分束器,其他光路全部采用反射式结构,有效折叠光路,与透射式静态傅里叶光谱仪相比,系统体积减小一半以上。用汞灯作为静态傅里叶光谱仪光源时,得到了404.7,435.8,546.1,577.0nm的峰值谱线,实验结果很好地复原了汞灯实际光谱;用波长为650nm的激光进行实验,光谱分辨率约为5.93nm,与理论计算结果基本相符。该光学系统具有结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、抗震性强等诸多优点,可为小型化、便携式静态傅里叶光谱仪器的研制提供技术支持。     

Controllable optical bistability and multistability in a rare-earth-ion-doped optical fiber

We investigated the optical bistability and multistability in an Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄–BaF₂–LaF₃–AlF₃–NaF optical fiber inside an optical ring cavity. It is found that the optical bistability and multistability can be easily controlled via adjusting properly the parameters of the corresponding system. Our scheme may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and optical-fiber communication.     

A high nonlinearity elliptical fiber for applications in Raman and Brillouin sensors

Raman and Brillouin effects have found special applications in distributed sensing for smart materials and structures. In these sensors, the fiber acts as a distributed sensor, sensing strain and temperature over a range of tens of kilometers and, at the same time, carries this information to the installation that will process them. In order to optimize the fiber to operate under the Brillouin and Raman regimes, a special elliptical fiber with small effective area has been designed, which will allow these sensors to cover longer distances and/or employ lower power lasers.     

Optical arithmetic unit using bit-WDM

A novel arithmetic unit is proposed consisting of a pipelined optical ripple carry adder that adds two words with bits multiplexed by different wavelengths on a single fiber. The addition result is returned to a fiber bus in the same format as the incoming words. The corresponding operand bit pairs are split off the fiber using wavelength division demultiplexers. Full adders compute the sum for each bit pair and the carry from the next lower significant bit pair. The full adder uses couplers and NOT, NOR and novel XOR logic gates constructed using semiconductor optical amplifiers for gain and wavelength shifting.     

Demonstration of high extinction ratio modal interference in a two-mode fiber and its applications for all-fiber comb filter and high-temperature sensor

We show that high extinction ratio (>20 dB) modal interference in a two-mode dispersion compensating fiber can be utilized to build a compact, easy-to-fabricate tunable all-fiber optical comb filter. Wavelength tunability over the full free spectral range of the comb filter is demonstrated with an electrical power of 115mW using an on-fiber thin film micro-heater deposited directly on the fiber. In another configuration, the comb filter is used as a temperature sensor with dynamic range of >300 °C and sensitivity of <0.1 °C. The temperature sensor is capable of measuring a temperature as high as 500 °C.     

Experimental measurement and analysis of the optical trapping force acting on a yeast cell with a lensed optical fiber probe

Based on an optical trapping system with a single-lensed fiber probe inserted at an angle, the sub-picoNewton trapping force acting on a yeast cell as a function of the displacement is measured experimentally by the static and dynamic methods, respectively, whose measurement processes are presented in detail. The measured maximum trapping efficiency is 0.07 in our experiment, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the optical tweezers. The characteristics of the trapping force in the various horizontal directions are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the measurement error shows the factors and their magnitude which cause error, and offers a way to reduce the error in future.     

Method of state code matrixes in the realization of optical switching using Perfect Shuffle

Based on the Left Perfect Shuffle (LPS) optical communication network constructed by cascade multi-stage LPS interconnection, using Looping algorithm, any arbitrary sequence of the input signals can be realized. However, instead of obtaining the simultaneous state codes of the same level node switches through mathematical analytical expressions directly, only routing tags of each channel can be obtained through mathematical analytical expressions so as to draw out topological chart of the network to obtain the state codes implied in the chart. Thus, the states of the switches cannot be directly programmed and controlled by computer in practical application. In this paper, based on the Looping algorithm, a method of stage code matrixes is presented to resolve this problem. By using the method, the simultaneous state codes of the same level’s four node switches can be directly obtained, which is convenient for the computer to provide controlled signals needed to finish the permutation for each node switch. The method of stage code matrixes provides further theoretical basis for the realization of optical switching by integration of Perfect Shuffle and high-speed optical switches.     

Temperature dependence of low loss polymeric AWG

We investigate on the variation of loss and temperature dependence of a polymeric arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) depending on its substrate, by fabricating 16-channel polymeric AWGs with various substrate conditions. Insertion loss for a polymeric AWG on a silicon substrate is measured as low as 3.1 dB. The temperature-dependent wavelength shift for a polymeric AWG detached from the substrate is maintained within 0.1 nm from 20 to 80 °C. But we observe a degradation of insertion loss and a little instability in wavelength characteristics both for the detached polymeric AWG and for a polymeric AWG on a polymer substrate. We investigate on those optical properties of the polymeric AWGs based on measured thermal expansion properties of the polymers.     

Dichroic property of the H2O-groups in α-quartz, LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in the infrared range

The absorptive peaks of the H₂O-groups were observed in the infrared absorption spectra in the vicinity of 3480 cm⁻¹ in LiNbO₃ and LiTaO₃, and 3580 cm⁻¹ in α-quartz. The absorptions of these lines were found to depend on the vibration direction of the polarized incident light, showing the dichroic property in these crystals. The absorption of the ordinary ray waves is much larger than that for the E-ray waves in the crystals. This observation indicates that the direction of the bond vibrations for the H₂O-groups is perpendicular to the optic axis of crystals. The dichroic property of the H₂O-groups may serve as the tracer to study the local electric field in piezoelectric crystals.     

All optical latches using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier

The design and performance of two optical latches, the Set-Reset (SR) latch and D-Flip-Flop has been studied. These latches are the building blocks of large optical processors. The latches are built using two optical logic operations NAND and NOT. Both NAND and NOT operations are realized by using Mach-Zhender interferometer (MZI) utilizing semiconductor optical amplifier with quantum dot active region (QD-SOA). Nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning in the QD-SOA are taken into account together with the rate equations in order to realize the all-optical logic operations. Results show that this scheme can realize the functions of Set-Reset latch and D-Flip-Flop at high speeds (∼250 Gb/s). The dependence of the output quality (Q factor) on QD-SOA parameters is also discussed.     

Dispersion-Managed Solitons in Multiple-Core Nonlinear Fiber Arrays

The variational principle is employed to obtain the evolution of the parameters of Gaussian and super-Gaussian chirped solitons that propagates through multiple-core nonlinear optical fiber arrays. This is governed by the dispersion-managed nonlinear Schrodinger's equation with strong dispersion management in the presence of linear coupling between the adjacent cores. The results are valid for any configuration of the cores.