大F数长焦距空间相机光学系统设计

随着空间技术的不断发展,地元分辨率不断提高,空间相机光学系统的设计不断提出新的要求。分析了长焦距空间相机光学系统设计过程中需要考虑的问题,研究了大F数、长焦距空间光学系统的设计原理,并进行了光学系统设计。设计了谱段位于500~800 nm,焦距f=7200 mm,F=14.4的大F数、长焦距的折轴三反光学系统。结果表明,光学系统视场角达到1.6°,在450 km的轨道上,地面幅宽可以达到12.5 km,像元尺寸为10μm时,地面像元分辨率达到0.62 m,当中心遮拦为6%时,Nyquist频率(50 lp/mm)处调制传递函数(MTF)优于0.38,成像质量达到衍射极限,光学系统畸变量优于0.5%,可以满足高分辨率空间相机对地观测的使用要求,同时也验证了大F数、长焦距光学系统的设计原理。     

新型三反射光学系统设计

随着空间光学技术的发展,对于空间相机地元分辨率的要求越来越高,而且必须具有多光谱成像能力,因此空间相机光学系统的设计要满足视场大和畸变小的要求.本文以共轴三反射光学系统为基础,研究了一种新型的三反射光学系统.该系统不仅中心遮拦小、光学畸变低,而且实现了全色和多光谱CCD的合理排布.设计结果表明:当光学系统的焦距为f=12 000 mm、F数为12、成像谱段位于450~900 nm时,视场角可以达到1.6°,光学系统的线中心遮拦比低于1/3,光学畸变量小于0.5%,在50 lp/mm处调制传递函数优于0.47,成像质量达到衍射极限,可以满足多光谱高分辨率空间相机对地遥感的使用需求.     

消畸变、长焦距相机光学系统设计

随着空间光学技术的不断发展,时间延时积分电荷耦合器件(TDI-CCD)相机得到了广泛的应用,TDI-CCD图像传感器的应用不仅提高了相机系统的信噪比而且使相机的光机结构更加紧凑,但光学系统的畸变在推扫过程中会造成像移,并最终导致图像模糊,因此对光学系统的设计提出了新的要求。分析了光学系统畸变对TDI-CCD推扫成像时的影响,研究了空间相机光学系统设计中消除畸变的方法,并进行了光学系统设计。设计了谱段位于450～900nm,焦距f=6000mm,F数为10的三反射消畸变光学系统。设计结果表明,当光学系统视场角为1.6°时,光学系统的畸变量小于0.01%,当面中心遮拦为0.06时,Nyquist频率(50lp/mm)处调制传递函数优于0.50,成像质量达到衍射极限,可以满足高分辨率TDI-CCD空间相机的使用要求。该光学系也适用于多光谱、立体成像和立体测绘等对光学系统畸变有严格要求的相机系统。     

基于液晶可调滤光片的广角多光谱成像光学系统设计

基于液晶可调滤光片(Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter,LCTF)的分光原理,设计一种工作谱段为400~720nm,焦距4.5mm,视场角140°,F数为1.28的广角多光谱成像光学系统。该光学系统由前端光学镜头、LCTF和成像镜头组成,其中前端光学系统镜头将入射光束进行扩束,同时将入射光束的广角视场缩小至LCTF可接收角度范围内;LCTF利用液晶材料的电控双折射效应,实现对某一波长光信号的选择透过。根据多光谱成像系统的总体方案,对光学系统的各光学参数进行合理选取。设计结果表明,整个系统在120lp/mm的空间频率处轴上及轴外的调制传递函数MTF均大于0.4。     

基于大面阵CCD的复消色差航空相机物镜设计

为了满足航空相机物镜结构简单及高分辨率的要求,提出了一种基于波差法校正长焦距、宽波段的大面阵CCD航空相机物镜二级光谱的方法.介绍了二级光谱的基本原理,给出了波差法设计复消色差物镜的方程组.采用普通光学材料设计了复消色差航空相机物镜,系统焦距为400 mm,相对孔径为F/4,工作波段为420～850 nm.给出了光学系统图、纵向像差图及调制传递函数图.设计结果表明,采用该方法设计的航空相机物镜在60 lp/mm处各视场传递函数均在0.75以上,满足接收器件有效尺寸为36 mm×48 mm的大面阵CCD成像要求.     

可见光与红外一体化光学系统设计EI北大核心CSCD

空间遥感相机的空间分辨率、时间分辨率以及光谱分辨率不断提高,相机的观测谱段也得到了拓展,实现了多谱段观测.针对多谱段观测需求,通过计算以及光学设计软件设计研究了可见光与红外一体化光学系统.可见光部分系统焦距为6000mm,F数为11.8,波段为400~900nm.红外部分系统焦距为1280mm,F数为2.5,波段为3000~5000nm,两个系统视场均为1.4°×0.6°.可见光波段系统与红外波段系统共用前四片反射镜,五镜为二向分色镜,将可见光反射至五镜上方的时间延迟积分CCD中,红外波段透过五镜至后方校正镜组.整个系统无色差,结构较为紧凑,可见光与红外部分成像质量均达到要求.     

可见光与红外一体化光学系统设计

空间遥感相机的空间分辨率、时间分辨率以及光谱分辨率不断提高,相机的观测谱段也得到了拓展,实现了多谱段观测.针对多谱段观测需求,通过计算以及光学设计软件设计研究了可见光与红外一体化光学系统.可见光部分系统焦距为6000mm,F数为11.8,波段为400~900nm.红外部分系统焦距为1280mm,F数为2.5,波段为3000~5000nm,两个系统视场均为1.4°×0.6°.可见光波段系统与红外波段系统共用前四片反射镜,五镜为二向分色镜,将可见光反射至五镜上方的时间延迟积分CCD中,红外波段透过五镜至后方校正镜组.整个系统无色差,结构较为紧凑,可见光与红外部分成像质量均达到要求.     

基于PSIM机载大视场宽谱段偏振光谱成像系统光学设计

为满足偏振光谱成像探测中对于大视场、宽谱段技术要求,设计了一种基于偏振强度调制技术(PSIM)的宽谱段大视场偏振光谱成像仪。针对前置望远镜组,文中对现有国内玻璃材料消色差分析,优选了可见至短波红外的复消色差玻璃,通过控制镜组中PSIM模块光线角度,实现大视场内在PSIM模块上的入射角度需求。结合分析结果,采用光学设计软件优化设计。设计结果表明,前置望远系统能够实现波段为400～1 700 nm,视场角为72°,焦距为20 mm, F数为4的高质量成像,全谱段内探测器截止频率处传递函数优于0.4, PSIM模块上最大入射角度为±4.99°,有效保证了各视场内偏振调制的一致性。后置光谱分光系统采用基于Offner结构的凸面光栅,优化结果显示各波段点列图均小于一个像元,在探测器奈奎斯特频率处中心波长的MTF达到0.6,各项指标均满足设计要求。本文对于基于PSIM宽谱段偏振光谱成像仪器的工程化具有很重要的现实意义,对宽谱段光学系统消色差设计也具有一定指导意义。     

红外相机共孔径双波段成像光学系统

针对双波段成像系统可以有效提升红外相机的目标探测与识别能力,选择了折反射式双波段系统结构形成,提出共孔径分光路中波红外和长波红外双波段成像光学系统。2个谱段共用卡塞格林主光学系统,采用分色片实现双谱段分光。分光后2个谱段采用相互独立的中继透镜组, 通过二次成像,实现双波段冷光阑100%匹配。2个谱段焦距均为800 mm,工作谱段为3.7 m～4.8 m和7.7 m～10.3 m,中波和长波的F数分别为2.3和2.8,视场角为1.2,该光学系统各谱段在各自乃奎斯特频率处调制传递函数接近衍射极限,可满足实际使用需求。     

航空CCD相机可见光光学系统消热差设计

提出采用广义变焦系统设计概念来实现可见光折射系统无热化设计.设计了常温下满足成像质量要求的消色差的良好光学系统,在工作温度范围内建立多个变焦位置,通过合理改变部分材料,满足宽工作温度范围内像质均良好的要求.利用该方法设计出工作于0.43～0.75 μm波段,焦距为780 mm,F数为5.6,视场为5.3°的航空CCD相机光学系统.系统在-40℃～+60℃之间成像均保持良好,调制传递函数下降5%.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.