冷却系统对ORC性能影响的模拟研究

该文利用Aspen HYSYS软件模拟研究了环境温度、冷凝温度和冷凝器工质侧压降因素对有机朗肯循环系统性能的影响,系统采用工业低温废热作为热源,选择R123作为工质,并通过分析得出:受环境温度的影响,夏季的最大系统净功和循环热效率比冬季下降了4.13 kW、3.03%;冷凝温度从24℃上升为40℃时,系统净功和循环热效率分别降低了2.52 kW、1.87%。当冷凝器压降从0 kPa上升为40 kPa时,系统净功和热效率分别下降了1.41 kW、1.43%。     

一种新型空气源高温热泵的热力学分析

本文提出了一种供热温度为80~100℃的新型空气源高温热泵循环(EIHP),该循环采用非共沸混合工质R290/R600a,利用内部自复叠技术和喷射器提升循环性能。针对EIHP循环建立了相应的热力学计算模型,并与传统热泵循环(CHP)进行了对比研究。根据计算结果,当冷凝器出口温度为100℃,蒸发器出口温度从25℃下降到-10℃时,相较于CHP循环,EIHP循环的COP提高了15%~27%,压缩机压比降低了20%~46%,容积制热量提高了22%~51%。此外,本文还研究了冷凝器出口温度,工质配比等参数对循环性能的影响情况。     

低温地热有机朗肯循环混合工质设计初探

地热作为一种在地球上广泛分布的可再生能源,可利用的温度较低。有机朗肯循环ORC是一种有效的利用低温热能发电的途径。对于不同温度的热源,采用合适的工质,可以提高系统的发电效率,因此工质的选择是关键。本文针对170℃,150℃,130℃的热源,构建了适合的五种混合工质,并进行了热力循环、环保性和安全性的计算。结果表明,与纯工质相比,混合工质可以平衡环境、安全以及系统性能等多方面的要求,达到综合最优的效果。     

微通道背板热管系统最佳充液率实验研究

为研究不同工况和工质对微通道背板热管系统最佳充液率的影响,设计系统充液率实验,通过分析充液率对换热量、背板竖向出风温度分布、蒸发器及冷凝器进出口工质温度及压力的影响,确定不同条件下的系统最佳充液率。结果表明:1)标准工况下,采用R22工质的系统最佳充液率为65%~75%,背板竖向各位置出风温度最低,蒸发器进出口工质温差达到最小;2)系统最佳充液率随着背板进风温度的上升而增大,进风温度超过40℃后,最佳充液率保持不变;3)系统最佳充液率随冷凝器进水温度的降低而增大;4)R134a系统和R22系统最佳充液率基本一致,最大换热量不同。     

超临界地热有机朗肯循环工质参数优化

本文针对中温地热流体,分析超临界有机朗肯循环工质参数对系统净输出电功的影响,确定了系统最佳运行参数及工质选择标准。采用EES软件模拟分析地热流体温度及膨胀机入口参数对系统输出净功的影响。结果表明,对超临界有机朗肯循环系统,当系统输出净功达到最佳值时,膨胀机入口温度较高,烷烃类和其他新型工质成为工质选择对象,而且在确定的地热流体温度和膨胀机入口压力下,合适选择膨胀机入口温度会使系统净输出电功达到一个最佳值。     

地热温度对有机朗肯循环系统性能的影响研究

本文基于R123、R245fa和异戊烷工质对中低温地热能有机朗肯循环发电系统的性能影响进行了分析,在地源热水温度为90~140℃时,计算冷凝器、蒸发器换热量、泵功率及系统的热效率、损失、不可逆损失等。结果表明:地热源温度越高,系统热效率越高,且同一热源温度下,异戊烷作为工质的系统热效率、损失最高,R245fa次之,R123均最低。     

R22与其替代工质的性能比较与分析

1前言传统的单工质蒸气压缩理论循环分析认为在冷凝器和蒸发器中,制冷剂的冷凝温度和蒸发温度等于相变温度,而忽略了压缩机进出口的过热段以及冷凝器出口过冷段的温度变化,直接造成了人们对回热循环和过热循环的认识偏差,产生了许多误解,其评价标准是有缺陷的。本文以变温热源的可逆循环为基础,考虑了在实际中是可以利用的过热段以及过冷段的温度变化,假设在冷凝器和蒸发器中,制冷剂与外界高、低温热源无换热温差,使循环更接近可逆循环。以此为基础的当量温度法可完善单工质的理论循环分析,同时可用于朗肯循环与劳伦兹循环之间的…     

一种新型CO_2跨临界动力循环理论研究

CO_2环境性质优秀,是较为理想的动力循环工质。针对常规CO_2跨临界动力循环冷凝器中工质难以被常规冷却水冷凝的问题,提出一种新型CO_2跨临界动力循环,并采用理论分析方法,研究了此循环的循环性能。结果表明,系统内部正循环质量流量保持不变,系统内部逆循环质量流量随冷却终温的升高而升高;循环净输出功率和循环热效率随冷却终温的升高而缓慢降低,随冷却压力的升高而降低;当冷却压力为7.5 MPa,冷却终温为30.5℃时,净输出功率为258.8kW,循环热效率为0.067。     

以R600A为工质的分离式热管的实验研究

对分离式热管的整体热量传递特性进行了实验研究。以蛇形翅片管作为冷凝段和蒸发段进行热管实验,探讨了蒸发器进风面风温及分离式热管蒸发器与冷凝器之间高度差、工质充注量对分离式热管的影响。实验表明,随着蒸发器进风温度的升高,蒸发器与冷凝器换热系数都是呈现先增大后减小的趋势。在冷凝端进风温度恒定为16.55℃、蒸发端进风温度低于60℃时,以R600A为工质的分离式热管的传热量曲线近似于二次曲线,蒸发端进风温度高于60℃时,其传热量曲线近似于一条直线。加大充液率及增加蒸发器与冷凝器的高度差,分离式热管的传热能力均会得到提高。     

微槽群相变与热电制冷结合的激光器冷却系统

本文运用微槽群复合相变和热电制冷(TEC)技术来实现激光器系统低温下的高热流密度散热.通过对不同工质在不同充液率下的实验研究发现,工质和充液率对系统的运行状况有重要的影响.在选用甲醇作为循环工质,并且在系统充液率为1.5的情况下,系统能够达到所需的散热冷却效果;本文实验分析了冷凝器的工作状况对蒸发器表面温度的影响,提出通过提高TEC制冷片的制冷量和强化铜散热片的散热能力来降低冷凝器的温度,进而降低蒸发器的温度.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.