LaNi4．25Al0．75合金吸放氚性能

在真空系统中对熔融法制备的LaNi4.25Al0.75合金的氘活化特性、吸放氚p-C-T曲线和不同温度下的吸放氚速率，以及材料吸附氚气与解析氚气的纯度进行了研究，以考核该合金氚操作与贮存性能。     

中子粉末衍射谱仪束流的椭圆聚焦镜设计

为使中子粉末衍射谱仪满足小样品研究需要,设计了一维椭圆聚焦镜系统并对参数进行了优化,同时对椭圆聚焦镜的相关参数做了较为详细讨论。采用椭圆解析计算和中子追迹程序McStas模拟两种方法,计算了椭圆聚焦镜参数对样品处中子注量率的影响,并以样品处中子注量率最大化为目标给出了优化参数,结果表明,在单色器（椭圆左焦点）到样品（椭圆右焦点）距离为2.7 m情况下,采用超镜因子为3、长度为25 cm的椭圆聚焦镜,其最佳位置为距离样品560 mm处、椭圆长半轴为1 350.016 mm,从而可以提高样品处注量率7倍。     

粉末中子衍射谱仪数据采集与处理系统

针对高分辨粉末中子衍射谱仪,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和C8051F060芯片实现了中子衍射数据采集与处理系统的设计;系统可对64路不同方向的中子同时进行计数,获得测量粉末样品的中子衍射谱;同时,为了获得多路计数器良好的一致性,系统利用C8051F060自身集成的ADC模块复用于64路中子多道脉冲幅度分析进行多路标定;实验表明:该系统能够准确地对64路衍射中子信号进行计数,每路计数率最高为106,具有较高的应用价值。     

中子小角散射讲座：第三讲 中子小角散射在材料科学中的应用

X射线小角散射在材料科学中是分析物质结构的重要手段之一[1].由于中子吸收截面小,所以中子小角散射可以采用较大的厚块样品.长波长的冷中子,既可以避免X射线结晶学中的双布拉格衍射,又可以在较小的散射矢量Q范围内研究中子散射强度的分布.某些近邻元素(如 Al,Mg等),对X射线的散射能力几乎一样,而它们的中子散射振幅则是无规的.所以,中于小角散射又特别适宜研究相邻元素合金中的分凝现象.中子具有磁矩,能与磁性物质相互作用,产生磁的小角散射. 这里应当强调指出,所谓“小角”,是指小的散射矢量值,大小范围约为 其中da为样品中结构单元间…     

厚靶D（d,n）^3He反应加速器中子源的产额、能谱和角分布

给出一种计算氘钛厚靶D(d,n)3He反应加速器中子源的产额、能谱和角分布的方法,并发展了一个计算机模拟程序,程序能够计算氘束流能量小于1.0 MeV的中子源的产额、能谱和角分布.计算时使用推荐的D(d,n)3He反应截面数据和来自SRIM-2003程序的氘在氘钛靶中的阻止本领数据.给出一些典型计算结果,包括中子积分产额、中子能谱和角分布.     

氚老化对LaNi4.9Al0.1的动力学性能的影响

测定了不同材龄的LaNi4.9Al0.1氘化与去氘化动力学参数,评价了氚老化对LaNi4.9Al0.1动力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,氚老化不改变合金的氘化与去氘化的反应级数;反应速率随老化时间的增加而降低;活化能随老化时间的增加而增加.     

氦在球磨贮氢合金中的存在行为研究

通过正电子寿命测量及结构分析，研究了氦气氛球磨LaNi4.75Al0.25和Zr50Co50贮氢合金中氦的存在行为.研究结果表明：随着气氛压力增加，氦的溶入量增加，相对而言，LaNi4.75Al0.25更有利于氦的溶入；球磨样品正电子寿命的特征参数发生变化，这表明氦在材料中存在行为的差异；对于Zr50Co50合金，氦首先填充在超细晶粒的三叉晶界或空位团处，随着气氛压力增加，有小部分氦填入单空位的自由体积处，形成空位-氦复合体；对于LaNi4.75Al0.25合金，氦首先进入单空位大小的自由体积中，形成空位 关键词： 正电子寿命 氦引入 高压球磨 贮氢合金     

ADS中子源散裂靶物理研究

运用蒙卡程序DCM CEM对ADS标准散裂中子靶进行了计算研究.计算了在0.1~1.6GeV的质子轰击下,标准Pb靶发生散裂反应产生的泄漏中子产额及分布、中子能谱以及靶内能量沉积分布.计算结果与文献理论数据、实验数据进行了比较.     

吉帕压力下原位中子衍射技术及其在铁中的应用

中子对轻元素敏感,能够识别近邻原子,区分同位素,可以直接测定材料的磁结构,并具有很强的穿透力。这些优点使中子衍射成为研究物质的一种独特手段,在含能材料、含水矿物、超导以及磁材料等都发挥着重要的作用。利用自主研制的全景式大腔体对顶砧高压装置,实现了吉帕压力下原位中子衍射谱的获取。实验中采用WC压砧,当负载压力达到150kN时,在体积为6mm3的样品腔内获得了铁在5GPa压力下的中子衍射谱。通过优化组装或使用金刚石压砧,可以获得10GPa甚至更高压力下的高压原位中子衍射谱。     

巴黎-爱丁堡压机中子衍射高压下温度加载实验

巴黎-爱丁堡压机(Paris-Edinbrugh press)因具有大体积样品、便携、结构简单等优点,被广泛应用于中子源进行高压原位中子衍射实验.但因单轴加压而导致封垫和组装不断沿径向向外流动的特点,给高压下组装的加热效率、保温效果、上下压砧的绝缘及热电偶连接等方面带来困难,从而使得巴黎-爱丁堡压机在高压下的温度加载非常具有挑战性.本文通过对高温高压组装的结构进行优化设计,提高了组装的加热效率和保温效果.通过对热电偶引线方式的优化,实现了高压下温度的直接测量.设计的HPT-3组装和HPT-3.5组装在高压下的温度加载最高可分别达到2000 K和1500 K,并且二者较大的样品尺寸满足中子衍射实验的需求.原位高温高压中子衍射实验结果说明, HPT-3组装在压力8.5 GPa、温度1508 K的条件下可以获得高质量的样品的中子衍射谱,同时该结果也进一步验证了所设计组装的良好稳定性.     

Effects of deuteration on the structure of NH_4H_2PO_4 crystals characterized by neutron diffraction

A series of deuterated ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(DADP) crystals were grown and their structures were investigated by using powder neutron diffraction method. In the entire composition range, the deuterated level in the crystals is lower compared with the aqueous growth solution. The deuterium segregation coefficient in the crystals decreases with increasing deuterium content of the solution. The deuterium content in the NH_4~+ group is higher than that in H_2PO_4~- group.In addition, the variations of lattice parameters are shown here.     

Effect of deuterium on phase transformations in fullerenes at high temperatures and high pressures

The effect deuterium has on phase transformations is studied for amorphous and crystalline fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀ at high temperatures of up to 1300°C and high pressures (2–8 GPa). Amorphous fullerene phases are obtained via long grinding in a planetary mill. Structure is studied by means of neutron diffraction. In all cases, amorphous graphite (nanographite) forms in the temperature range of 800–1100°C. This material has different diffraction spectra distinguished by the heights of the halos observed on the graphite diffraction maxima and their relative intensities. These spectra (the structure of nanographite) are affected by preliminary amorphization, the number of carbon atoms in the fullerenes (C60 or C70), and the introduction of deuterium atoms. The different spectra of amorphous (disordered) graphite testify to its varying structure.     

Hydrogen adsorption in microporous alkali-doped carbons (activated carbon and single wall nanotubes)

Adsorption of hydrogen gas was tested in microporous doped carbons: activated carbon (1600 m²/g) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The isotherms of adsorption of LiC₁₈ and KC₂₄ doped microporous activated carbons were determined in the range [0–30 bar] at room temperature and 77 K. The chemisorption ratio observed at room temperature increases with increasing the alkali/carbon rate. The isotherm profiles of doped activated carbon at 77 K show no clear enhancement of the sorption ratio compared to the raw activated carbon.The adsorption sites of potassium doped SWNTs with closed end were determined by neutron diffraction experiment using deuterium gas. The K-doped SWNTs were found only slightly intercalated by K ions so that empty cavities are preserved in between the tubes. At room temperature, the chemisorption of deuterium was not observed in doped SWNTs bundles, but only in the KC₈ graphite intercalation compound impurities. At low temperature, the isotherms analysis and neutron diffraction experiments have shown that D₂ molecules are physisorbed in the free interstitial voids in between the tubes within the bundles.     

Neutron diffraction investigation of the microstructure of lead-potassium melt bubbled with heavy water

The results of neutron diffraction microstructure investigation of a eutectic lead-potassium melt bubbled with heavy water are presented. The structure factors and pair correlation functions for pure eutectic and eutectic bubbled with heavy water are compared. Evidence of the presence of deuterium in the latter melt has been shown in the diffraction pattern.     

厚靶低中能9Be(d,xn)反应加速器中子源特性研究

利用PHITS程序评价计算了厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应加速器中子源的能谱和角分布数据，重点讨论了JQMD、INCL和INCL/DWBA三种核反应物理模型计算厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子辐射场分布的适用性。研究结果显示，基于INCL/DWBA耦合模型的PHITS程序计算所得到的厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子能谱和角分布数据能够较好地与实验数据符合，可以为厚靶9Be(d, xn)反应中子源特性研究及应用提供较为准确的中子辐射场数据。此外，设计了水冷大面积旋转铍靶的方案，并在5~25 MeV/5 mA入射氘能量下条件下，开展了靶面温度模拟研究，结果显示，靶面最高温度可控制在100 oC以下。     

超强超短脉冲激光诱发大尺度氘团簇聚变

 利用低温脉冲气阀获得了平均含有3×103氘原子的氘团簇。在飞秒激光装置上实现了氘团簇聚变,每发中子产额为1×10³。中子产额对激光功率密度敏感,保持激光能量不变,随着激光焦斑的变大,DD聚变中子产额逐渐增加,最大值出现在激光焦斑为470 mm时;继续增大激光焦斑,没有观察到中子信号。实验结果还表明激光氘团簇聚变发生的区域主要是激光辐照的等离子体热区,此区域内邻近氘团簇库仑爆炸发射的高能氘离子碰撞引发聚变反应。     

Generation of neutrons at the relaxation of fast deuterons in deuterium matter

We analyze the fusion process involving two deuterium nuclei in the case of deceleration of a fast deuteron with an energy of approximately 100 keV located in a deuterium target. We calculate the probability ω _fus(ε) of generating a neutron by a fast deuteron with an initial kinetic energy ε during its deceleration. The mean free path of fast deuterons with respect to their relaxation is found for various deuterium targets. The data are analyzed for neutron generation in deuterium cluster beams under laser irradiation. The method of neutron generation in the collision of two deuterium cluster beams is suggested. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

Neutron production with mixture of deuterium and krypton in Sahand Filippov type plasma focus facility

This Letter reports the order of magnitude enhancement in neutron yield from Sahand plasma focus device with krypton seeded deuterium operation. The highest average neutron yield of 2.2×¹⁰⁹ neutrons per shot was achieved at 1.00 Torr deuterium with 3% krypton which is higher than the best average neutron yield of 3.18×¹⁰⁸ neutrons per shot for pure deuterium operation. Estimation of average neutron energy showed that the maximum and minimum average energies are 2.98±0.6 MeV at 16 kV in 0.25 Torr deuterium with 3% Kr and 2.07±0.2 MeV at 18 kV operation in 0.5 Torr deuterium with 3% Kr, respectively. The anisotropy of neutron emission from Sahand DPF showed that the neutrons are produced mainly by beam-target mechanisms.     

Solid state effects during deuterium implantation into copper and titanium

Results of neutron counting experiments during deuterium implantation into titanium and copper are reported. Models for neutron yield have been developed by taking into account different solid state effects like energy degradation of incident ions, energy dependent d-d fusion cross section and diffusion of implanted deuterium possibly influenced by surface desorption and formation of metal deuterides. The asymptotic time dependence of the neutron yield during implantation has been compared with the experimental results. Using these results, solid state processes that might occur during deuterium implantation into these metals are inferred.     

A plasma channel scheme for the interaction of an intense femtosecond laser pulse with a deuterium cluster jet

We propose a plasma channel scheme to obtain an improved table-top laser driven fusion neutron yield as a result of explosions of large deuterium clusters irradiated by an intense laser pulse. A cylindrical plasma channel is created by two moderate intensity laser prepulses at the edge of a deuterium cluster jet along which an intense main laser pulse propagates several nanoseconds later. With the aid of this plasma channel, the main laser pulse will be allowed to deposit its energy into the central region of the deuterium gas jet where the cluster sizes are larger and the atomic density is higher. The plasma channel formation and its impact on the deuterium ion energy spectrum and the consequent fusion neutron yield have been investigated. The calculated results show that a remarkable increase of the table-top laser driven fusion neutron yield would be expected.