利用振幅光栅生成拉盖尔-高斯光束的实验研究

拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)光束由于其独特的相位结构和轨道角动量特性在微粒旋转操纵和信息处理等方面得到了越来越多的重视.对利用振幅型叉状衍射光栅产生LG光束进行了理论分析,采用计算全息图的方法制作了振幅型叉状衍射光栅,实验上获得了角量子数为±1的LG光束,并对光束变换过程中影响光束特性的主要因素进行了讨论. 关键词： 信息光学 拉盖尔高斯光束 计算全息光栅 光束轨道角动量     

负折射率平板透镜系统中的光束聚焦及相位补偿特性

利用平面角谱理论,建立厄米-高斯光束和拉盖尔-高斯光束在负折射率平板透镜系统中的傍轴传输模型,研究负折射率平板透镜中厄米-高斯光束和拉盖尔-高斯光束强度聚焦及相位补偿特性。结果发现:负折射率平板透镜产生的反向Gouy相移可以补偿空气中Gouy相移导致的相差,因而在满足相位匹配条件下,光束在物平面和像平面之间的相差为零;当强度聚焦和相位匹配条件同时满足的条件下,光束在物平面强度和相位分布可在像平面实现完全重构。     

拉盖尔高斯光的衍射和轨道角动量的弥散

根据菲涅耳衍射积分和拉盖尔高斯光束场强分布,对拉盖高斯光束中的圆孔衍射、单缝衍射和方孔衍射进行了研究,并分析了拉盖高斯光束的相位结构对光束衍射后场分布的影响。拉盖高斯光束的相位奇点落在衍射孔中心时,由螺旋谱计算出拉盖高斯光束通过单缝和方孔衍射后的轨道角动量的弥散程度,从理论上证明了拉盖尔高斯光束通过圆孔衍射后,轨道角动量不发生弥散。     

光束在左手材料中的强度和相位旋转特性

建立了左手材料中拉盖尔高斯光束传输模型,通过研究拉盖尔高斯光束的相位分布来分析光束的强度旋转特性。具体分析了光束参数模式、Gouy相、频率和色散对光束强度和相位旋转特性的影响。研究发现:方位角相差是导致光束强度旋转的主要原因;负折射率引起的逆的Gouy相移将会导致光束强度反转;在正常色散区左手材料中光束的强度和相位旋转方向是相同的,而在反常色散区,左手材料中光束的强度和相位旋转方向是相反的。     

利用振幅光栅生成拉盖尔、高斯光束的实验研究

拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian，LG)光束由于其独特的相位结构和轨道角动量特性在微粒旋转操纵和信息处理等方面得到了越来越多的重视.对利用振幅型叉状衍射光栅产生LG光束进行了理论分析，采用计算全息图的方法制作了振幅型叉状衍射光栅，实验上获得了角量子数为±1的LG光束，并对光束变换过程中影响光束特性的主要因素进行了讨论.     

强非局域非线性介质中拉盖尔-高斯型光孤子相互作用

利用强非局域非线性介质中傍轴光束传输的线性模型(修正的Snyder-Mitchell模型)讨论了两束共线(即光束中心和传输方向都相同)拉盖尔-高斯型光孤子的传输过程. 改变双光束的相对阶数和相对强度比,叠加光场在传输截面上的光强分布呈现出多样性,通过叠加的方法在该介质中产生了多环形光孤子. 一定条件下传输光束在传输过程中会出现旋转现象,叠加光场成为旋转光场,给出了旋转光束的旋转条件以及旋转速度. 进一步利用拉盖尔-高斯光束在传输过程中特有的螺旋相位特点分析了光场截面强度多样性产生的物理机理. 关键词： 强非局域非线性介质 拉盖尔-高斯型光孤子 共线传输 涡旋相位     

多厄米-高斯子波束的传输特性研究

基于拉盖尔-高斯模和厄米-高斯模之间相互转换的关系,将拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束展开成多厄米-高斯子波束,给出了模式转换关系的强度分布图。采用惠更斯-菲涅尔原理,推导了非傍轴条件下多厄米-高斯子波束在真空中传输时接收面处的场分布表达式。采用数值分析方法对真空传输过程中不同传输距离和拓扑荷下的多厄米高斯子波束的强度和相位分布进行了分析。结果表明:在短距离传输范围内,多厄米-高斯子波束在主扇位区域具有高光强能量集中,可以用于精确的光学操控。随着传输距离的增大,子波束场的等相位线由直线变为平滑的弧线。在远距离传输时,非傍轴近似多厄米-高斯子波束的相位变化远远小于傍轴近似拉盖尔-高斯光束的相位分布。由此可见,非傍轴近似条件下多厄米-高斯子波束更适合远距离传输。所研究的结果可为高拓扑荷、宽发散角拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束的传输提供理论基础。     

水下拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束及其叠加态传输特性

通过实验研究了拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束及其叠加态在水下湍流中的传输特性,充分考虑了不同温度差和盐度差的水流扩散产生的湍流对4种光束（高斯光束,阶数为0、拓扑荷数为6的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束,阶数为1、拓扑荷数为2与阶数为0、拓扑荷数为6的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光叠加,阶数为1、拓扑荷数为2与阶数为0、拓扑荷数为10的拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光叠加）传输的影响,并对4种光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数进行深入讨论与分析。实验结果表明：随着湍流强度的增大,4种光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数都增大,相比其他3种光束,拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束的漂移方差和闪烁指数较小;在较弱的湍流强度下,两种涡旋光叠加态的漂移方差和闪烁指数与拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束相近。     

激光高阶横模的相对相位判定与锁定

本文通过理论计算与数值模拟,提出了不同阶数的高阶模式间相对相位的判定与锁定方法。在像平面对两束光的干涉光斑进行空间取样,计算其干涉光强随相对相位的变化,并在此基础上提出了判定与锁定两束不同阶厄米高斯光束HGmn以及不同阶拉盖尔高斯光束LGpl相对位相的方案,并对厄米高斯光束相位判定与锁定进行了实验验证。     

球形粒子在聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光束中的散射特性研究

研究了球形粒子在聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光束中的散射特性. 根据广义Mie理论, 推导出球形粒子在聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光束中散射系数的解析公式. 针对光束的电场分布及粒子散射强度进行了数值仿真, 讨论了散射强度随散射角、散射球粒子半径和拓扑荷的变化特性, 并通过散射系数解释了散射强度分布的振荡现象. 结果表明, 在聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光束照射下, 球形粒子的后向散射强度随着粒子半径的增大而逐渐增大; 后向散射强度开始增大时对应的粒子半径与拓扑荷有关. 通过与高斯光束的对比, 可以看出球形粒子在聚焦拉盖尔-高斯光束中散射特性的差异, 使其在粒径测量、光通信和大气后向散射探测等方面具有潜在应用价值.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.