高倍聚光太阳模拟器的设计

研究了一种高倍聚光、高均匀性太阳模拟器,它主要由短弧氙灯、椭球聚光镜、高速快门和积分器构成,辐射功率超过5 kW,辐射峰值超过1 800个太阳常数（标准AM1.5∶1太阳常数=1 kW/m2）。介绍了该模拟器的光学设计,主要工程特点和仿真结果。应用蒙特卡洛光线追迹技术优化几何配置,以使光源到目标面的辐射能量转换效率最大化。仿真结果显示：在直径20 mm的圆形目标区域其平均辐射超过1 000 kW/m2,相应的辐照不均匀度小于6%。利用该装置模拟了高倍聚光太阳系统的辐射特性,为研究高效率太阳能电池的热化学过程和测试先进的高温材料提供了实验平台。     

非共轴椭球面聚光阵列式高焦比太阳模拟器

为使太阳模拟器的接收靶得到高能流高均匀度光斑,需要对聚光系统进行优化设计。提出利用非共轴椭球面聚光镜优化光斑质量的方法,使光斑的能流分布均匀度有明显改善。利用蒙特-卡罗光线追迹方法,设计了聚集型高焦比太阳模拟器。在第二焦面处,80mm直径的接收靶面上可接收10kW的辐射光能,光斑对称性和均匀性好,系统的传递效率为23.81%,80mm直径靶面内的平均能流密度为2MW/m2,50mm直径靶面内平均能流密度达到3.64MW/m2,对应的理论色温超过2800K。采用非共轴椭球面聚光镜,成功研制了由电源控制系统、冷却系统、氙灯光源和聚光系统构成的太阳能模拟器。经实验测试,太阳模拟器的聚光光斑与光学仿真软件TracePro模拟光斑符合得很好。     

太阳模拟技术

概述了国内外太阳模拟技术的发展现状。提出了太阳模拟器设计的技术指标,讨论了太阳模拟器的光学系统设计思想。介绍了聚光系统、光学积分器、准直系统、滤光片光谱透过率的优化设计方案,通过复合高次非球面聚光系统和非共轴深椭球面反射镜的使用,提高了聚光镜对光源辐射通量的聚光效率,改善了第二焦面上的辐照分布。通过对光学积分器原理及像差分析,给出了有效的优化设计经验公式。最后,对研制过程中遇到的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了改进思路。     

太阳模拟技术

概述了国内外太阳模拟技术的发展现状。提出了太阳模拟器设计的技术指标,讨论了太阳模拟器的光学系统设计思想。介绍了聚光系统、光学积分器、准直系统、滤光片光谱透过率的优化设计方案,通过复合高次非球面聚光系统和非共轴深椭球面反射镜的使用,提高了聚光镜对光源辐射通量的聚光效率,改善了第二焦面上的辐照分布。通过对光学积分器原理及像差分析,给出了有效的优化设计经验公式。最后,对研制过程中遇到的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了改进思路。     

一种红外场景/点源目标模拟器技术研究

研究了一种红外场景/点源目标模拟器。模拟器由一路红外场景、一路点源目标和四路点源干扰组成。模拟器包括点源目标/干扰通道、中继光学系统、成像通道、多目标复合系统、运动控制系统和机械支撑及连接结构,可以同时模拟一路点源目标,四路点源干扰和一路红外场景。对模拟器进行实验研究,模拟器所生成红外图像的空间分辨率达到10 lp/mm,模拟器点源光斑尺寸最小为42μm,最大为499μm。该模拟器已经成功应用到半实物仿真试验中。     

水平极化有界波电磁脉冲模拟器仿真与实验研究

结合传统有界波模拟器和辐射波模拟器的特点,采用新型双锥-线栅型平板天线结构,设计了一台水平极化有界波电磁脉冲模拟器。通过电磁仿真和实验测试,对模拟器的辐射特性和场均匀性进行了研究。仿真结果和实测结果基本一致。结果表明,模拟器能产生包含地面反射的水平极化电磁脉冲环境,波形满足上升沿(2.5±0.5) ns、半高宽(23±5) ns的高空电磁脉冲标准要求。模拟器使用灵活机动,能在不小于5 m×3 m×2 m工作空间内产生峰值场强不小于50 kV/m的6 dB均匀场,也能在降低测试场强时提供更大的工作空间。     

基于高次余弦散射分布的空间卫星可见光特性

基于几何光学和辐射理论,研究了空间卫星的可见光散射特性.空间卫星的背景辐射主要包括太阳的直接辐射和地球及大气的散射辐射,根据目标的结构特性与背景特性建立了空间卫星的几何模型和光照模型.分析目标表面状况,入射到目标表面的光线近似服从高次余弦散射分布,根据能量守恒定理及表面材料的高次余弦散射分布特性建立了目标散射特性的数学模型.通过矢量坐标变换确定太阳、地球、观测卫星在目标本体坐标系下的相对位置关系.根据给定的几何尺寸和表面物性参量仿真获得了目标在探测器入瞳处的能量分布及星等特征,目标本体与太阳帆板在探测器入瞳处的辐照度最大量级均为10-12 W/m2.仿真结果表明太阳帆板在目标特性分析时不可忽略,为空间目标的可见光探测提供参考数据.     

大面积准直型太阳模拟器的设计与研制

设计并研制了一种大面积准直型太阳模拟器,其有效辐照面直径达到1 100 mm,平均辐照度达到1.3个太阳常数（AM0）,光束准直角为±1.59°。首先给出了太阳模拟器的光学系统,分别从光源选择和布局,椭球镜设计和准直镜设计进行了阐述;介绍了太阳模拟器的光机结构;进行了系统的仿真和实现。实验表明,太阳模拟器的平均辐照度达到1 760 W/m²,辐照不均匀度达到±4.6%,辐照体不均匀度达到±5.96%,辐照不稳定度达到±1.36%,光谱匹配在300~1 400 nm波长范围内满足ASTM E927-10中AM0 B级要求,为航天有效载荷的热真空试验和热平衡试验提供了一个准确可靠的平台。     

用于太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光系统

 研究了基于三结型（InGaP/InGaAs/Ge）高效太阳能电池的太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光系统。该系统采用高次非球面光学玻璃卡塞格林系统,运用Zemax和Tracepro光学设计软件完成200~500倍太阳能聚光系统的设计,同时设计了单片型高倍太阳能聚能光学组件,用热压成型方法研制了太阳能聚能透镜（副镜）。采用16个性能相同的聚光光学组件和相同数量的三结型太阳能电池组成高倍聚光型太阳能光伏组件,极大地提高了聚光比,为太阳能光伏发电的高倍聚光器设计提供参考和依据。     

基于成像/光强变化响应的中/短波红外辐射校准系统设计

受到测量方法的限制,现有的辐射校准系统只能在小-中型红外成像模拟器光学系统的透过率发生变化时实现辐射测量,无法在大型红外成像模拟器的视场光阑发生变化时实现辐射测量。针对大型红外成像模拟器部分仿真状态无法评估的问题,提出基于成像/光强变化响应的测量方法,并设计新型红外辐射校准系统。系统研制完成后,针对红外成像模拟器多辐射参数测量的需求,提出多参数标定方法进行系统标定。系统的辐射照度为6×10^-10～7×10^-4 W/cm²,工作波段为2.05～2.55μm和3.70～4.80μm,测量不确定度为1.88%。最后,利用新系统校准大型红外成像模拟器在不同仿真状态下的输出辐射。校准结果表明,新方法和新系统可以使大型红外成像模拟器在全仿真状态下实现多参数测量。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.