激光诱导等离子体开关控制脉宽实验研究

 利用激光诱导等离子体开关技术，在1 064 nm的Nd：YAG固体激光器上获得了脉宽4.4~6.4 ns的短脉冲激光输出。激光电离空气产生的等离子体开关控制脉冲宽度时，聚焦透镜焦距越短，压缩后的脉宽越窄，但激光能量损耗越大。压缩后的激光脉宽与激光能量近似成双曲线关系。在控制脉宽光路的焦点处放置带孔的Cu薄片可抑制等离子体的扩散，得到了脉宽最短可达4.4 ns的激光输出。     

激光烧蚀金属靶诱导靶电势效应的机理研究

利用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光烧蚀Cu靶材,实验研究了不同激光能量下等离子体诱导靶上电势的演变规律.结果表明：靶上电势信号呈现显著的双峰结构,第一个峰出现在激光烧蚀开始之后约20 ns,持续时间仅约50 ns；而第二个峰出现约35 μs之后,持续时间达到了上百微秒.通过对实验结果的详细分析可知靶上电势信号的产生是激光等离子体荷电效应引起的,并提出了等离子体对金属靶的静电感应、电荷复合-转移效应机制,解释了靶上电势信号的演变规律.     

电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光器及应用

为了获得高能紫外激光输出,开展了电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光技术研究。详细介绍了四向电子束泵浦准分子激光装置的工作原理和结构特征,简述Marx发生器的放电电压、放电电流,激光气室中的沉积能量,激光脉冲能量、脉宽等参数的测量方法;研究了电子束泵浦XeCl准分子激光输出特性,得到了激光脉冲能量随激光气室内混合气体气压变化的规律,当激光器的充电电压为81kV时,获得了能量100J、脉宽200ns的XeCl准分子激光输出,其本征效率约为3.2%。并且开展了XeCl准分子激光辐照涂层材料力学特性研究,采用微型红外通光冲量探头测量不同条件下激光辐照涂层材料的冲量耦合系数,在常压空气环境中的冲量耦合系数约为8.32×10-5 N·W-1。     

短脉冲红外激光诱导等离子体微刻蚀单晶高温高压金刚石

采用短脉冲激光诱导等离子体辅助加工技术加工金刚石微结构,研究短脉冲红外激光的光强、脉宽、重复频率、靶材与金刚石基片之间的距离等加工参数对金刚石的加工线宽、槽深以及加工效果的影响。当用脉冲宽度大于4 ns的激光作用在方向良好的单晶金刚石上时,光热作用明显,诱导产生金属等离子团的能量密度达到一定阈值且复合短脉冲激光能量作用下,单晶金刚石表层温度迅速上升至600°C以上,此时金刚石表层产生了刻蚀微结构;当用脉冲宽度小于4 ns的激光轰击靶材表面时,短脉冲激光轰击靶材诱导金属等离子团,可实现背面溅射相关金属靶材,当等离子体密度达到微刻蚀阈值时也可实现金刚石背部刻蚀以及石墨化。短脉冲红外激光的脉宽、重复频率决定了沉积/刻蚀加工效果。本文研究表明短脉冲激光诱导等离子体辅助加工技术是一种新型可靠的金刚石微结构加工工艺。     

等离子体削波纳秒激光脉冲波形测量

实验上采用比对方法测试了激光不经过固体与经过固体介质产生等离子体削波的脉冲波形信号,获得等离子体削波效应产生的脉冲削波倍数。实验结果表明,在波长1.064 m,脉宽1 ns,聚焦透镜焦距100 mm,薄石英片厚度100 m,约束等离子体的小孔直径80 m情况下,等离子体效应产生的脉冲削波倍数为12~14;分别改变石英片厚度和约束等离子体小孔直径,等离子体脉冲削波倍数不变;增加入射激光能量,脉冲削波倍数增加,且经过等离子体后的激光脉冲波形的后沿逐渐出现很陡的下降沿。在产生脉冲削波的截断点位置进行图形拼接重构得到激光脉冲波形信息。     

线性变压器源驱动相对论速调管放大器的初步实验

 利用新研制的紧凑型线性变压器驱动源（LTD）脉冲功率源二极管产生的电子束源,开展了S波段长脉冲相对论速调管放大器（RKA）的初步实验研究。采用无箔空心阴极和0.9 T恒流源引导磁场从LTD二极管引出了电压600 kV、束流6 kA、脉宽150 ns的环形电子束,该电子束经过1个同轴输入腔和2个同轴调制腔的调制后,产生了幅度5 kA、脉宽110 ns的基波调制束流,采用该调制束流驱动同轴微波提取腔,辐射输出了峰值功率820 MW/110 ns的辐射微波,效率28％,增益36 dB。同时,开展了重复脉冲RKA和相位特性的实验研究,重复频率10 Hz运行时,辐射微波达到800 MW/100 ns,相位抖动小于 20°。     

准分子激光等离子体开关控制脉宽研究

 利用准分子激光等离子体技术，在紫外预电离XeCl准分子激光器上获得了最短1.58 ns的短脉冲激光输出。实验中分析了聚焦到薄膜表面的光束能量密度对所产生的等离子体密度的影响，并对不同等离子体密度及维持时间情况下脉冲压缩效果进行了讨论，给出了激光器谐振腔在稳定腔及非稳腔两种工作方式下的实验结果。激光器在稳定腔工作时，脉宽可压缩至2.87 ns；采用非稳腔结构时，在脉冲能量不变情况下减小聚焦光斑面积，提高入射到薄膜表面的能量密度，得到了最短1.58 ns的短脉冲激光输出。该技术适用于任何其它准分子器件。     

2 ns, 351 nm激光黑腔靶受激Raman散射实验研究

 介绍了在神光Ⅱ装置上开展的长脉冲2 ns,351 nm激光与黑腔靶相互作用的实验，报道了受激Raman散射光时间分辨谱图及能量测量的实验结果。长脉冲2 ns激光注入小腔靶（Ø700 mm×1 250 mm）时，激光辐照缝靶产生的SRS光能量是激光与全腔靶作用产生的SRS光能量的1.3倍。在2 ns激光与不同尺寸黑腔靶作用的情况下，激光辐照小腔靶产生的SRS光能量比标准腔靶(Ø800 mm×1 350 mm)产生的SRS光能量高1.6倍。由于激光功率密度下降，2 ns激光打靶SRS散射光要弱于短脉冲1 ns激光打靶，但持续时间稍长。实验结果表明：长脉冲2 ns激光与标准腔靶相互作用时，等离子体“堵腔效应”比较严重，标准腔靶尺寸不再合适。     

多脉冲序列飞秒钛宝石激光的啁啾脉冲放大

在数太瓦钛宝石啁啾脉冲放大系统中（极光Ⅱ升级装置）,对多脉冲序列的放大过程进行了详细的实验研究,获得了多脉冲序列的放大输出.每一个放大脉冲串中包含有19个独立的飞秒单脉冲,其相邻间隔为14.8 ns,对应的重复频率为67.5 MHz.脉冲串的总能量约为122 mJ,各单脉冲能量从20 mJ指数衰减至0.5 mJ,脉宽约为60fs,对应的峰值功率约为10¹¹—10¹⁰W.这种脉冲序列在产生长寿命激光等离子体、激光微加工等方面有重要应用前景.     

X波段相对论返波管谐振反射器

基于TPG2000强流电子束加速器和带谐振反射器的相对论返波管振荡器,开展了X波段高功率微波产生实验研究,获得了功率约2.5 GW,脉宽约20 ns的微波输出。理论分析及模拟了不同倒角大小对谐振反射器的表面电场及截止性能的影响,并对不同倒角开展了实验研究。结果表明,对谐振反射器倒角可增加输出微波脉冲宽度,且随着倒角增加,微波脉宽增加,效率略有降低。在谐振反射器倒角5 mm情况下,利用电压900 kV,电流9 kA的强流电子束,实验获得了功率约2.5 GW、脉宽大于25 ns的微波输出。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.