井下核磁共振流体分析实验室及其应用

井下流体分析在储层实时评价有十分重要的应用. 该文介绍了NMR流体分析实验室的发展,并以哈里伯顿的井下NMR流体分析实验室为例, 详细讨论了其关键技术,包括探头结构、磁体结构和电路结构,探讨了获取流体核磁共振特性参数的测量方法. NMR流体分析实验室可以获取流体的多种重要参数,结合NMR测井能够进行综合解释,其实时评价性能实现NMR测量的优势.     

新药硫酸头孢匹罗的NMR研究

应用1D NMR、2D NMR （COSY、HMQC、HMBC、NOESY）及脉冲梯度场2D NMR技术[gHSQC（¹H-¹⁵N）、gHMBC（¹H-¹⁵N）]深入研究了第四代新型超广谱头孢菌素类抗生素硫酸头孢匹罗的结构,并首次对其¹H NMR、¹³C NMR谱和¹⁵N NMR谱的信号进行了全归属,通过NOESY实验对其立体结构提供有力依据.     

2DNMR在泥页岩物性及流体评价中的应用探讨

纳米级孔隙、非达西渗流、自生自储是泥页岩油气层的主要特征,常规NMR技术难以检测到T2弛豫时间短于0.1 ms的纳米级孔隙,并难以准确评价泥页岩储层中的孔隙流体性质与含量.为了解决以上问题,以济阳坳陷下第三系沙河街组泥页岩油气主要勘探层段为研究对象,采用高分辨率2D NMR技术对采自3口井的11块泥页岩样品分别进行1D、2D NMR分析.结果表明,T2谱能够检测到泥页岩中的全部孔隙量;D-T2谱能够准确评价孔隙流体类型与含量,且核磁含油饱和度与石油的产液量、岩石热解的液态烃量具有可对比性.该项研究对精细评价泥页岩油气储层具有十分重要的意义,对进一步发展高分辨率2D NMR技术具有一定的促进作用.     

核物理方法在石油测井中的应用

 利用核物理方法进行地球物理测井,称为核测井.核测井是以研究岩石及其孔隙流体的某种核物理性质为基础的.核测井与其它测井方法(如电法测井、声波测井等)相比,具有独特的优点.它既可以在裸眼井中又可以在套管井中测量,而且不受井内介质的限制.因此,它在测井中得到越来越广泛的应用.核测井方法有许多种,概括起来可以分为三大类,即伽马测井、中子测井和同位素示踪测井.     

COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT OF 1H AND 13C NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF EVODIAMINE, RUTAECARPINE AND DEHYDROEVODIAMINE

应用1D NMR和梯度2D NMR反相技术(gCOSY,gNOESY,gHMQC,gHMBC)研究了从疏毛吴茱萸中分离得到的三个生物碱吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱的结构，并对其碳氢NMR信号进行了全归属.     

川西致密气藏二维核磁共振测井优化设计与应用

二维核磁共振（NMR）测井在储层参数计算与流体性质判别应用中的作用逐渐受到重视.然而在川西致密气藏开展二维NMR测井应用之初,遇到了现有观测模式下资料采集效率较低、测井结果与地质条件不匹配等难题.通过对比两种常用的二维NMR测井方法,开展致密气藏二维NMR测井观测模式设计方法研究,结合致密气藏实际应用效果分析,明确了横向弛豫时间-纵向弛豫时间（T₂-T₁）方法比横向弛豫时间-自扩散系数（T₂-D）方法更适用于致密气藏,总结了一套致密气藏二维NMR测井观测模式设计流程与参数取值方法,设计出了适用于致密气藏的观测模式TGR01（tight gas reservoir 01）.新设计的观测模式在致密气藏的应用效果优于现有的二维NMR测井观测模式,结合T₂-T₁方法可以有效识别储层中的流体信号,解决致密气藏综合评价难题.     

Manumycin的2D NMR研究

应用1D NMR 和梯度2D NMR技术（gCOSY，gNOESY，gHSQC，gHMBC）深入研究了从链霉菌发酵物中分离提取得到的Manumycin的结构，并对其¹H和¹³C NMR化学位移进行了全归属. 计算机分子模拟与NMR研究取得一致结论.     

7-氧代阿朴菲型生物碱的NMR研究

从鹅掌楸中分离得到了3个7-氧代阿朴菲型生物碱liridine (1),lysicamine (2)和liriodenine (3),采用MS、1D NMR和2D NMR等技术确定了化合物的结构,并利用2D NMR 技术对其核磁共振信号进行了全归属,纠正了文献中的归属错误.     

哌嗪雌酚酮的结构研究

哌嗪雌酚酮是一种可望用于骨质疏松症的雌激素类防治药物. 文中采用IR、MS、NMR 等波谱技术,特别是¹H-1H COSY、HMQC和HMBC谱等2D NMR技术, 确定了它的氢谱和碳谱的信号归属,对它的结构进行了确证.     

稠油储层核磁共振孔隙度校正方法

受原油粘度的影响,利用核磁共振（NMR）测井获取的稠油储层的测井NMR孔隙度远低于地层的真实孔隙度,给稠油储层评价和NMR测井技术的应用带来极大挑战.为提高稠油储层孔隙度计算精度,必须对测井NMR孔隙度进行稠油校正.本研究选取我国南海东部盆地某油田韩江组10块代表性岩心样品,分别开展了原始状态、饱含稠油、残余油和饱含水状态的NMR实验.研究了孔隙含油相对体积对岩心NMR孔隙度的影响,并建立了基于地层深测向电阻率分类的岩心NMR孔隙度校正模型.将基于实验结果建立的岩心NMR孔隙度校正模型推广到实际地层,对目标区域A14井稠油储层实测测井NMR孔隙度进行处理的结果表明：本文提出的方法能够有效地校正孔隙含稠油对实测测井NMR孔隙度的影响,得到地层的真实孔隙度;校正前、后的稠油储层测井NMR孔隙度与常规气驱法测量的岩心孔隙度之间的相对误差由11.19%降低到4.84%.     

In situ fluid typing and quantification with 1D and 2D NMR logging

In situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fluid typing has recently gained momentum due to data acquisition and inversion algorithm enhancement of NMR logging tools. T(2) distributions derived from NMR logging contain information on bulk fluids and pore size distributions. However, the accuracy of fluid typing is greatly overshadowed by the overlap between T(2) peaks arising from different fluids with similar apparent T(2) relaxation times. Nevertheless, the shapes of T(2) distributions from different fluid components are often different and can be predetermined. Inversion with predetermined T(2) distributions allows us to perform fluid component decomposition to yield individual fluid volume ratios. Another effective method for in situ fluid typing is two-dimensional (2D) NMR logging, which results in proton population distribution as a function of T(2) relaxation time and fluid diffusion coefficient (or T(1) relaxation time). Since diffusion coefficients (or T(1) relaxation time) for different fluid components can be very different, it is relatively easy to separate oil (especially heavy oil) from water signal in a 2D NMR map and to perform accurate fluid typing. Combining NMR logging with resistivity and/or neutron/density logs provides a third method for in situ fluid typing. We shall describe these techniques with field examples.     

核磁共振二维谱反演

核磁共振二维谱包含扩散系数 D 和横向弛豫时间 T₂ 的信息,利用核磁共振仪来测量多孔介质中物质的信息,根据其弛豫时间和扩散系数的差别来区分不同物质;利用全局反演方法,提出了核磁共振二维谱反演的物理模型和数学模型;介绍了传统的奇异值分解（SVD）和改进的奇异值分解反演算法;采用改进的奇异值分解法对核磁共振二维谱进行反演,其反演算法具有计算速度快和二维谱分布连续等优点. 它适合于信噪比较高的数据反演,当原始数据信噪比SNR≥100时,可以对二维谱图进行定量分析;当60≤SNR<100时,可以对二维谱图进行定性分析. 核磁共振二维谱可以一次性直接区分油和水,为核磁共振测井提供了新的科学技术.     

CPMG relaxation by diffusion with constant magnetic field gradient in a restricted geometry: numerical simulation and application

Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) measurements are the primary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique used for evaluating formation properties and reservoir fluid properties in the well logging industry and laboratory sample analysis. The estimation of bulk volume irreducible (BVI), permeability, and fluid type relies on the accurate interpretation of the spin-spin relaxation time (T(2)) distribution. The interpretation is complicated when spin's self-diffusion in an inhomogeneous field and restricted geometry becomes dominant. The combined effects of field gradient, diffusion, and a restricted geometry are not easily evaluated analytically. We used a numerical method to evaluate the dependence of the free and restricted diffusion on the system parameters in the absence of surface relaxation, which usually can be neglected for the non-wetting fluids (e.g., oil or gas). The parameter space that defines the relaxation process is reduced to two dimensionless groups: D* and tau*. Three relaxation regimes: free diffusion, localization, and motionally averaging regimes are identified in the (log(10)D*, log(10)tau*) domain. The hypothesis that the normalized magnetization, M*, relaxes as a single exponential with a constant dimensionless relaxation time T*(2) is justified for most regions of the parameter space. The numerical simulation results are compared with the analytical solutions from the contour plots of T*(2). The locations of the boundaries between different relaxation regimes, derived from equalizing length scales, are challenged by observed discrepancies between numerical and analytical solutions. After adjustment of boundaries by equalizing T*(2), numerical simulation result and analytical solution match each other for every relaxation regime. The parameters, fluid diffusivity and pore length, can be estimated from analytical solutions in the free diffusion and motionally averaging regimes, respectively. Estimation of the parameters near the boundaries of the regimes may require numerical simulation.     

岩心孔隙介质中流体的核磁共振弛豫

弛豫时间是核磁共振研究中的一个重要参数,岩心孔隙介质流体的弛豫过程是自由流体弛豫机制、表面弛豫机制和流体的扩散弛豫机制共同作用的结果,它包含了丰富的孔隙和流体本身的信息. 弛豫时间和自扩散系数的测量及对弛豫时间的分析是核磁共振技术应用于岩心分析和石油勘测的重要内容.     

A global inversion method for multi-dimensional NMR logging

We describe a general global inversion methodology of multi-dimensional NMR logging for pore fluid typing and quantification in petroleum exploration. Although higher dimensions are theoretically possible, for practical reasons, we limit our discussion of proton density distributions as a function of two (2D) or three (3D) independent variables. The 2D can be diffusion coefficient and T(2) relaxation time (D-T(2)), and the 3D can be diffusion coefficient, T(2), and T(1) relaxation times (D-T(2)-T(1)) of the saturating fluids in rocks. Using the contrast between the diffusion coefficients of fluids (oil and water), the oil and water phases within the rocks can be clearly identified. This 2D or 3D proton density distribution function can be obtained from either two-window or regular type multiple CPMG echo trains encoded with diffusion, T(1), and T(2) relaxation by varying echo spacing and wait time. From this 2D/3D proton density distribution function, not only the saturations of water and oil can be determined, the viscosity of the oil and the gas-oil ratio can also be estimated based on a previously experimentally determined D-T(2) relationship.     

川西气田白云岩储层二维核磁共振测井气水识别方法

川西气田雷口坡组四段白云岩储层具有良好的天然气勘探开发前景，但是储层分布具有较强的非均质性，利用常规测井和一维核磁共振测井方法判断储层流体性质存在多解性．通过分析川西雷四段白云岩储层地质特征与测井响应特征，开展岩心二维核磁共振实验，明确了实验室分析与测井过程中环境、参数等影响因素，建立了岩心分析结果的校正方法，明确了钻井液、束缚流体、可动水与天然气信号在二维核磁共振测井中谱分布区间，建立了基于T₂-T₁、T₁/T₂（R）的白云岩储层二维核磁共振测井气水识别图版．利用图版对川西雷四段储层流体性质开展评价，二维核磁共振测井解释结论得到了实钻测试结果的验证，该气水识别方法填补了常规测井、一维核磁共振测井在评价储层气水关系中的缺陷，可有效解决白云岩储层流体性质判别难题．     

Quantitative evaluation of porous media wettability using NMR relaxometry

We propose a new method to determine wettability indices from NMR relaxometry. The new method uses the sensitivity of low field NMR relaxometry to the fluid distribution in oil-water saturated porous media. The model is based on the existence of a surface relaxivity for both oil and water, allowing the determination of the amount of surface wetted either by oil or by water. The proposed NMR wettability index requires the measurement of relaxation time distribution at four different saturation states. At the irreducible water saturation, we determine the dominant relaxation time of oil in the presence of a small amount of water, and at the oil residual saturation, we determine the dominant relaxation time of water in the presence of a small amount of oil. At 100% water and 100% oil saturation, we determine the surface relaxivity ratio. The interaction of oil with the surface is also evidenced by the comparison of the spin-lattice (T1) and spin-locking (T1rho) relaxation times. The new NMR index agrees with standard wettability measurements based on drainage-imbibition capillary pressure curves (USBM test) in the range [-0.3-1].     

基于C#的二维核磁共振测井观测模式设计软件的开发

二维核磁共振测井观测模式是以获取特定地层信息为目标的数据采集方式，它直接决定着核磁共振谱仪对不同类型储层的适应性以及获取原始数据的可信度．本文从观测模式的组成元素以及工作机理出发，采用C#语言开发了一套具有可视化功能的二维核磁共振测井观测模式设计软件．该软件支持二维核磁共振测井以及核磁共振岩心分析仪的观测模式设计，同时提供了三种采集参数编辑方式、观测模式优化机制以及图形化显示等功能，实现了观测模式的灵活调整，解决了当前主流二维核磁共振测井观测模式中存在的采集参数固定、不宜灵活调整从而导致所采集的原始数据信噪比低下、储层中流体弛豫特性加载不完全等问题．此外，软件还提供了观测模式的采集参数信息以及采集时序信息的输出功能等．     

水驱油过程的核磁共振二维谱研究

岩心水驱油过程中油水分布状况是岩心多孔介质的重要性质. 水驱油过程的研究是进一步进行提高采收率研究的基础. 核磁共振扩散-弛豫二维谱提供了岩心中流体性质的多方面信息,与核磁共振一维弛豫谱相比极大地提高了区分油水的能力. 该文通过2组岩心水驱油实验,从不同含油饱和度的扩散-弛豫二维谱中提取出水的一维弛豫谱,在原油粘度比较高的情况下获得了驱替过程中油水在不同孔隙中的分布状况以及润湿性等信息, 解决了单独用一维弛豫谱方法难以区分油水的问题. 该文的研究方法对油田提高采收率的研究有比较大的参考价值.     

一种基于组分补偿的二维核磁共振测井数据高精度处理方法

二维核磁共振技术能够对储层中各类含氢流体进行无损、快速、定量的测量和表征，但受限于采集方式和参数，核磁共振设备在对页岩油等致密储层中的有机质、沥青等超快弛豫组分进行检测时，经常出现由于信号采集不完整所导致的二维谱中流体组分缺失或不准的问题.本文提出了基于超快弛豫组分补偿技术的T₂-T₁二维谱高精度反演方法，该方法将一维核磁共振前端信号补偿技术进行推广，通过在二维核磁数据反演前对回波数据进行组分补偿，能够有效解决二维核磁共振测井前端信号漏失的问题.实验及测井数据的应用表明，该方法在页岩油等富含快弛豫组分信号的储层中，可以得到更加精准和完整的储层信息.