压缩真空态与压缩单光子态的相干叠加态的非经典性质

通过对量子比特态进行压缩操作,获得压缩真空态与压缩单光子态按一定的权重比例叠加而成的相干叠加态,此相干叠加态与压缩参数和权重因子有关,研究其非经典性和非高斯性.研究结果表明,通过压缩使得量子比特态的光子数分布范围变宽了.特别是从亚泊松分布和Wigner函数负定性情况分析了该量子态的非经典属性,从Wigner函数的边缘分布角度观察了该量子态的非高斯性.发现调节权重因子和压缩参数可以改善该态的非经典性和非高斯性.     

光场算符n次幂叠加激发混沌场的量子特性

构造了光场算符n次幂叠加激发混沌场,采用数值计算方法研究了该量子态的压缩效应、反聚束效应和统计性质,讨论了混沌场平均光子数、算符叠加系数及其幂次n对量子特性的影响.研究结果表明:光场算符n次幂叠加激发混沌场不呈现压缩效应,但呈现出反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质,并且随平均光子数增大,它的反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质减弱;随着算符组合部分中产生算符的比重增大,光场反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质增强;随着算符幂次增大,亚泊松分布性质加强.     

增光子圆态及其性质

利用光场产生算符的逆算符作用于圆态来构造增光子圆态.讨论了此态的非经典性质,同时计算并模拟出它的维格纳(Wigner)函数.结果表明,在不同光强下,随着激发数的增大增光子圆态光场的平均光子数增加与减少交替地出现;光子激发后,光场的亚泊松统计特性得到增强,压缩效应却受到抑制.维格纳函数图像显示了增光子圆态显著的非经典性质,发现了光子激发与圆态光强的增大都能使量子态由叠加引起的干涉效应明显增强.另外,在不同叠加数的情况下,通过适当选择参量可使维格纳函数具有相同的变化规律.     

非线性Trio-相干态的非经典特性

引入了非线性Trio-相干态,讨论了该量子态的完备性及其光子数统计分布和Cauchy-Schwarz不等式.结果表明,该量子态是超完备的,并且存在亚泊松统计分布和违背Cauchy-Schwarz不等式等非经典特性.     

光场组合算符激发混沌场的量子特性

利用算符作用在光场态上构造新的量子态的方法,通过光场湮没和产生算符的线性组合作用构造了光场组合算符激发混沌场。通过对光场的两个正交分量涨落、二阶关联函数、Mandel Q参量和Wigner函数的计算,研究了该量子态的压缩效应、反聚束效应、统计性质和Wigner函数的负性。讨论了算符叠加系数变化和平均光子数变化对其量子特性的影响。研究结果表明:光场不呈现压缩效应;随平均光子数增大它的反聚束效应、亚泊松分布性质和Wigner函数负性减弱;另一方面,随算符组合部分中产生算符的比重增大,光场反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质增强。这表明增大算符组合部分中产生算符的比重对增强光场反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质有利。     

压缩真空态的高阶非经典性质

通过高阶压缩效应,高阶反聚束效应和二阶亚泊松分布等统计性质,研究了压缩真空态的高阶非经典性质。采用数值计算方法,讨论了压缩参数对态的高阶非经典性质的影响。研究结果表明:压缩真空态呈现出高阶压缩效应和四阶反聚束效应,并且这些非经典性质均随压缩参数增大而增强。但它未呈现出一至三阶反聚束效应,也没有展示出一阶亚泊松分布和二阶亚泊松分布等特性。     

非线性增光子热态的非经典特性

本文从描述驻波激光场与囚禁离子相互作用的非线性Jaynes-Cummings模型出发,引入一种新的量子态,即非线性增光子热态.采用理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法,研究了Lamb-Dicke参数,温度和激光场的初相位等参数对这种量子态的非经典效应的影响.结果表明:非线性增光子热态的Mandel Q因子随温度的变化存在一个极小值.Lamb-Dicke参数越大,非线性增光子热态的非经典效应就越强.此外驻波场的初相位也对该态的非经典效应有明显的影响.     

拉盖尔多项式算符激发相干态的非经典性质

将拉盖尔多项式算符作用在相干态上,构造了拉盖尔多项式算符激发相干态.利用有序算符积分技术,导出了它的归一化系数以及〈a^la^+m〉的计算表达式.采用数值计算方法,讨论了相干态相位角和平均光子数对它的非经典性质的影响.研究结果表明:一阶拉盖尔多项式算符激发相干态呈现出压缩效应、反聚束效应、亚泊松分布和Wigner函数负性等量子特性,并且相干态的相位角对它的量子特性有重要影响;另一方面,随相干态平均光子数增大,它的反聚束效应和亚泊松分布性质逐渐减弱,压缩效应和Wigner函数的负性却先增强,而后又逐渐减弱.     

双模最小关联混态的量子统计性质

研究了双模最小关联混态在不同参数情况下的量子统计性质.发现在一定的参数范围内双模最小关联混态的二阶相干性违反经典的Cauchy-Schwartz不等式,呈现非经典性相关;同时对双模最小关联混态的压缩特性、亚泊松分布等非经典性质进行了分析,通过数值计算得出,每模光子的压缩性及其亚泊松分布均与参数d的取值密切相关.     

相位型三头薛定谔猫态的量子统计属性

本文详细研究了一种相位型三头薛定谔猫态的一些量子统计属性,包括光子数分布、平均光子数、亚泊松分布、压缩效应以及Wigner函数等.我们发现,三头猫态的Wigner函数都可以出现负值,与二、四头猫态一样,说明它们都可以体现出非经典特性.与二头猫态不同,三头猫态在一定参数范围内可以呈现亚泊松分布,这点与四头猫态相类似,但弱于四头猫态.另外,三头猫态和四头猫态都没有压缩属性,但二头猫态具有压缩属性.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.