微乳介质中丹参酮ⅡA与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

在以微乳液为共溶介质的缓冲体系中,用紫外光谱法研究了丹参酮ⅡA与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.结果表明:丹参酮ⅡA在中性条件下与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合,结合后吸光强度增加,用Scatchard方程求得二者在微乳体系中的结合常数,推测丹参酮ⅡA与牛血清白蛋白的作用机制可能为疏水力作用.     

荧光法研究可可碱与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了可可碱这种生物碱药物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分子间的相互结合反应.测定了可可碱与BSA反应的结合平衡常数K和结合位点数n.并用同步荧光光谱技术考察了可可碱对牛血清白蛋白构象的影响.证实了可可碱药物与牛血清白蛋白的相互结合作用为单一的静态猝灭过程.可可碱的加入对牛血清白蛋白的构象有影响.     

Synthesis and Adsorption Study of BSA Surface Imprinted Polymer on CdS Quantum Dots

开发了CdS量子点用于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)表面压印的方法,将CdS量子点掺杂进BSA的分子压印聚合物中. 实验过程中对制备条件和吸附条件进行了优化. 量子点(QDs)和量子点分子压印聚合物(QDs-MIP)的形貌用扫描电子显微镜进行了表征. 当该QDs-MIP重新结合模板分子BSA时,CdS量子点的荧光被淬灭. 荧光淬灭的原因可能是量子点与模板蛋白质分子之间的荧光共振能量转移. 该聚合物对压印分子的吸附为单分子层吸附,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型. 化学吸附为速率控制步骤. 该新型聚合物的最大吸附容量可达226.0 mg/g,比未掺杂量子点的BSA压印聚合物提高142.4 mg/g.     

酸度对氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合的影响

牛血清白蛋白在不同pH的溶液中存在N（pH ～7.0）,B（pH ～9.0）和E（pH 3.5以下）等几种同分异构形态。 采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱研究了酸度对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结构以及对不同结构的BSA和氧氟沙星的相互作用的影响,应用荧光猝灭现象和Frster理论,求出了4个不同pH下两者结合的猝灭常数、 能量转移效率和结合距离等参数。结果显示,氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白在pH 4.9时结合常数最大（1.928 1×105 L·mol-1）,结合距离小（r=2.55 nm）,猝灭效应最好（8.63×104 L·mol-1）;氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白的结合过程中,静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移是导致牛血清白蛋白荧光猝灭的原因;中性、 弱酸和弱碱性环境对两者的结合没有太大的影响,静电作用不是两者相互作用的主要作用力。使用同步荧光技术考察了氧氟沙星对BSA构象的影响。     

四磺基酞菁钴合成及其与牛血清白蛋白结合作用的研究

以高锰酸钾降解薛氏钠盐(6-羟基-β-萘磺酸钠)合成4-磺基邻苯二甲酸,并以此为原料“固相熔融法”合成了四磺基酞菁钴(CoPcS₄)。CoPcS₄在DMSO中发生解聚,随着pH值的升高,解聚增加。CoPcS₄以二聚体形式与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)结合后具有更强的光敏活性。分别采用紫外和荧光光谱分析方法准确测定了四磺基酞菁钴与BSA的结合位置数和结合常数。两种方法的结果基本一致,数量级皆为105 L·mol-1。CoPcS₄与BSA的首要结合位置为SiteⅠ和SiteⅡ,两种结合位置的结合能力差别不大。结果表明,CoPcS₄可与牛血清白蛋白很好地结合,白蛋白起到存储与转运作用。     

二碘荧光素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

用荧光光谱法和分光光度法研究了水溶液中二碘荧光素(DIF)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互结合反应.研究表明BSA与DIF的结合数为n=1.05.其平衡常数K4=6.76×105L/mol.根据Forster非辐射能量转移理论,求算了给体(BSA)受体(DIF)间的距离r=2.36nm和能量转移效率E=0.59.实验表明,二碘荧光素与牛血清白蛋白相互结合造成的荧光猝灭为单一的荧光静态猝灭过程.     

一维CdTe纳米线与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用研究

采用光谱法研究了CdTe纳米线与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用。通过Stern-volmer方程对数据进行了分析。结果表明:CdTe纳米线比CdTe量子点对牛血清白蛋白的荧光具有更强烈的猝灭作用;其对牛血清白蛋白的荧光猝灭为静态猝灭过程;热力学数据及拉曼光谱等研究证明了CdTe纳米线与牛血清白蛋白之间主要存在配位作用力和静电作用力。     

马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用研究

以荧光猝灭方法研究了模拟生理条件下马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。研究发现：马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白有强的结合,结合位置与色氨酸残基间的距离r为2.8 nm;以已知结合位置的标记药物为探针,确定了马兜铃酸与BSA的结合位置为亚结构域ⅢA;利用CD和FTIR技术考察了马兜铃酸对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响,CD结果表明马兜铃酸与BSA的键合使BSA中α-螺旋结构含量从43.5%降到36.7%。     

甘草酸单铵盐-牛血清白蛋白超分子体系的荧光光谱研究

对甘草酸单铵盐(MAG)-牛血清白蛋白(BSA)体系的荧光光谱进行了研究,采用同步荧光技术考察了甘草酸单铵盐对牛血清白蛋白构象的影响,认为甘草酸单铵盐(MAG)对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)体系荧光猝灭是由于生成了超分子复合物的静态猝灭,求得MAG-BSA的形成常数K_A及热力学函数ΔG,ΔH和ΔS,根据热力学函数确定了超分子间的作用力类型为静电作用力,依据Forster非辐射能量转移机制,确定了给体-受体间的结合距离和能量转移效率。     

光谱法研究黄芩苷与牛血清白蛋白相互作用及其对蛋白质硝化的影响

运用荧光光谱法研究黄芩苷与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）在生理条件下（pH 7.4）的相互作用机制;紫外分光光度法检测黄芩苷对BSA酪氨酸残基硝化的影响。实验结果表明:黄芩苷对BSA的荧光猝灭类型为静态猝灭;T=287K和T=310K时,二者的结合常数Kn分别为1.02103×10⁸L·mol^-1和8.75709×10⁷L·mol^-1;二者的结合位点数n分别为1.62463和1.62899。由热力学参数确定黄芩苷与BSA之间的作用力类型为静电作用力。采用同步荧光技术确定了黄芩苷对BSA构象的影响。结合黄芩苷与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用机理,讨论了黄芩苷抑制蛋白质酪氨酸硝化的机制。     

High performance of activated multi-walled carbon nanotube composite electrode in KI redox electrolyte

Abstract

High performance electrodes for supercapacitor usually are achieved by compositing conductive and redox materials, the former such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, etc., provide the electrical double-layer capacitances that far less than pseudo-capacitances of the later (metal oxide, polyaniline, and so on). Here, carbonaceous composite electrode of MWCNTs and the redox electrolyte are combined into an electrochemical system for high synergetic effect of capacitance. MWCNT is activated by acid treatment and its structures are characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Infrared spectroscopy analyses. The electrochemical measurements of resultant electrodes showed an excellent synergetic effect. The acid-activated MWCNTs electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 682 F/g in 0.2 M KI redox electrolytes, which is about 2–20 times larger than MWCNTs and its composite electrode in universal electrolyte without KI.     

Review on the roles of carbon materials in lead-carbon batteries

Lead-acid battery (LAB) has been in widespread use for many years due to its mature technology, abound raw materials, low cost, high safety, and high efficiency of recycling. However, the irreversible sulfation in the negative electrode becomes one of the key issues for its further development and application. Lead-carbon battery (LCB) is evolved from LAB by adding different kinds of carbon materials in the negative electrode, and it has effectively suppressed the problem of negative irreversible sulfation of traditional LAB. Different carbon materials play different roles in LCB, including construction of conductive network, double-layer capacitance storage effect, formation of porous structure and steric effect. Moreover, research on composite material additives (such as Pb-C composite materials and polymer-C composite materials) and Pb-C composite electrode have become a research focus in the past few years; it has been another effective way to improve the performance of the negative electrode. On the other hand, due to the relatively low overpotential of carbon materials, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) will be aggravated in LCB, which affects its electrochemical performance. It is necessary to modify carbon additives or add other additives to inhibit the HER. This paper will attempt to summarize the roles of carbon additives in the negative electrode made by previous research and illustrate the effect of composite material additives and Pb-C composite electrode on the negative electrode. Moreover, we will also sum up the method for solving the HER by reviewing previous research.     

MnO_2/石墨烯复合电极材料的制备与储能性能

以葡萄糖为还原剂,天然石墨片为原料,采用Hummer法制备了石墨烯粉末(Graphene);并以该产物、KMnO4和HCl为原料,采用水热法制备了MnO2/Graphene复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射对所制备的复合材料进行了表征,结果表明,水热法制备的MnO2材料为纯的α-MnO2相,且石墨烯粉末的加入并没有影响MnO2的晶体结构。在1mol/L Na2SO4电解液中进行了循环伏安和计时电位扫描测试,电极材料电化学性能稳定,具有较好的可逆性,在1.27mA/cm2电流密度下进行充放电测试时,电极比电容为147.9F/g;再循环1000次后,电极仍能保持稳定的电容,是一种理想的电化学电极材料。     

Evolution of the negative electrode (tin/silicate) for Li-ion batteries studied by 119 Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy

A novel tin composite Sn/CaSiO₃ for the anode of Li-ion batteries was prepared by solid-state reaction. The CaSiO₃ matrix was synthesized by a sol-gel route. The crystalline structures and morphology were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy; the electrochemical properties were evaluated by galvanostatic charge and discharge. The results obtained show that the Sn/CaSiO₃ composite presents very interesting electrochemical performances in terms of specific capacity in the first discharge (591 mAh/g) and a good reversibility due to both the formation of an interface between active and inactive materials and the reversible formation of Li _x Sn alloys. We have also highlighted, by ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, the various tin species constituting the material of the starting electrode, as well as the chemical evolutions occurring during the discharge and the charge of the electrode.     

Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on gold nanoparticles/thionine/gold nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosans composite film-modified electrode

In this paper, an amperometric electrochemical biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs)/thionine (Thi)/GNPs/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-chitosans (Chits) composite film was developed. MWCNTs-Chits homogeneous composite was first dispersed in acetic acid solution and then the GNPs were in situ synthesized at the composite. The mixture was dripped on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and then the Thi was deposited by electropolymerization by Au-S or Au-N covalent bond effect and electrostatic adsorption effect as an electron transfer mediator. Finally, the mixture of GNPs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was assembled onto the modified electrode by covalent bond. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This study introduces the in situ-synthesized GNPs on the other surface of the modified materials in H₂O₂ detection. The linear response range of the biosensor to H₂O₂ concentration was from 5 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ to 1.5 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 3.75 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ (based on S/N = 3).     

Sulfur grown around carbon nanotubes as a cathode material for Li/S battery

Sulfur/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites have been successfully prepared by an in situ growth strategy as a cathode material for lithium/sulfur battery. The microstructure and morphology of the sulfur/MWCNTs composites are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the results, it is found that the nano-sulfur (shell) grows around the MWCNTs (core) and is well-dispersed over the whole surface of the MWCNTs. Tested by coin type cells, the composite materials exhibited the sulfur utilization approaching to 78% for the first cycle, the capacity retention closing to 84% after 100 cycles at various rates. The excellent electrochemical performance could be attributed to the nano-size sulfur and the homogeneous distribution of sulfur on MWCNTs matrix, resulting from this novel in situ growth method, which not only enhances the reactive activity of sulfur during charge–discharge processes but also provides stable electrical and ionic transfer channels.     

Surface modification of indium tin oxide films by amino ion implantation for the attachment of multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Amino ion implantation was carried out at the energy of 80 keV with fluence of 5 × 10¹⁵ ions cm⁻² for indium tin oxide film (ITO) coated glass, and the existence of amino group on the ITO surface was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Scanning electron microscopy images show that multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) directly attached to the amino ion implanted ITO (NH₂/ITO) surface homogeneously and stably. The resulting MWCNTs-attached NH₂/ITO (MWCNTs/NH₂/ITO) substrate can be used as electrode material. Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that the MWCNTs/NH₂/ITO electrode shows excellent electrochemical properties and obvious electrocatalytic activity towards uric acid, thus this material is expected to have potential in electrochemical analysis and biosensors.     

A study on preparation and properties of carbon materials/myristic acid composite phase change thermal energy storage materials

Microscale graphite (Gr) and nanoscale multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chosen to modify the organic phase change material (PCM) of myristic acid (MA). The Gr/MA and MWCNTs/MA composite PCMs were prepared by adding the carbon materials at different mass fractions into MA. The experimental results indicated that both Gr and MWCNTs could enhance the thermal conductivity of MA. For the 3?wt% loading, the solid thermal conductivity of MA increased by 37.42% with Gr and 62.26% with MWCNTs. The FT-IR spectra showed that the reactions between carbon materials and MA were physical. The DSC results illustrated that the phase change latent heats of the composite PCMs decreased gradually with the additives increasing. Gr and MWCNTs strengthened the thermal stability of MA. The heat release rates of the composite PCMs accelerated. Three hundred thermal cycles of the chosen composite PCMs revealed that the prepared composite PCMs presented good thermal cycling stability.     

Preparation and characterization of Li3V2(PO4)3/MWCNTs cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (LVP/MWCNTs) composite is successfully synthesized by a sol?Cgel route using oxalic acid as the chelating reagent. Its structure and physicochemical properties are investigated using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical methods. LVP particles are well mixed with MWCNTs, and most of them are around 100?nm. The galvanostatic charge?Cdischarge tests show that LVP/MWCNTs electrode owns an initial discharge capacity of 126?mAh?g^?1 at 0.5 C with capacity retention of 94% during the 100th cycle in the voltage range of 3.0?C4.3?V. A superior rate capability is also achieved, e.g., exhibiting discharge capacities of 75 and 58?mAh?g^?1 at high C rates of 10 and 15 C, respectively.     

One-pot facile synthesis of CuS/graphene composite as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

CuS/graphene composite has been synthesized by the one-pot hydrothermal method using thiourea as the sulfur source and reducing agent. The formation of CuS nanoparticles and the reduction of graphene oxide occur simultaneously during the hydrothermal process, which enables a uniform dispersion of CuS nanoparticles on the graphene nanosheets. The electrochemical performance of CuS/graphene composite was studied as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The obtained CuS/graphene composite exhibits a relative high reversible capacity and good cycling stability. The good electrochemical performance of CuS/graphene composite can be attributed to graphene, which improves the electronic conductivity of composite and enhances the interfacial stability of electrode and electrolyte.