基于声辐射模态的有源结构声传入及其辐射控制

从辐射模态的概念和角度研究利用结构误差传感方法对弹性封闭空间结构声辐射进行传感和有源控制。首先分析了辐射模态的数学和物理意义并揭示了辐射模态与声腔模态之间的内在耦合关系。通过声辐射模态建立了弹性封闭空间结构声辐射传感和有源控制模型,并提出了通过传感器阵列测量结构表面有限点的振速分布和设计特定的辐射模态空间滤波器来获得控制所需的误差信号。在此基础上对封闭空间结构声辐射有源控制和误差传感策略进行了深入的理论和数值仿真分析,重点讨论了传感器的数量和布放对辐射模态传感及其有源控制效果的影响。结果表明:辐射模态与声腔模态的耦合具有严格的选择性,各阶辐射模态的形状和与相耦合的主导声模态在耦合面上的形状非常相似;利用结构传感技术传感封闭空间的辐射模态时测点不足或空间采样不足将可能产生较严重的模态泄漏问题,使得不希望的结构模态泄露进所测的辐射模态当中来。在低频范围内,一般只需传感并最小化前三阶有效辐射模态声势能,在更低频和空间声模态频率附近,只需最小化前一阶最有效辐射模态声势能,便能和总声势能最小化策略控制效果基本一样。      

稀疏测点条件下的结构法向速度重建

为了实现稀疏测点条件下结构表面法向速度的准确重建,利用声辐射模态包含结构表面几何形状信息的性质,以声辐射模态作为基函数提出了一种稀疏测点条件下的结构法向振速重建方法。首先对结构表面的声辐射模态进行计算,并建立结构表面法向振动速度与声辐射模态之间的关系;在此基础上,由实际布置情况形成测点位置处的振速与其声辐射模态值的关系,并通过最小二乘法求得展开系数;最后由展开系数重建出结构表面的全部法向振速。利用两端封闭的双层钢质圆柱壳体在消声水池中进行了试验验证,分别开启激振器和转子台进行激励,两个试验的结果均表明,当测点数目较少时,所测的结果不能准确地表示结构的实际振动情况,在波数域内就表现为与振动相关的波数成份的丢失;利用所提出的方法,可以较为准确地重建和恢复结构的表面法向速度及其波数成份,由此验证了所提出方法的有效性。      

任意边界板结构的声辐射模态误差传感器的设计

获取声辐射模态伴随系数是基于声辐射模态理论进行主动结构声控制(ASAC)的重要环节。以往PVDF分布式传感器的设计难点是振速展开受边界条件的限制,其设计过程往往是针对特定边界条件展开的。本文在声辐射模态理论和两维分布式传感器的压电方程的基础上,将板表面振速分布用Legendre多项式展开,给出了两维板结构的PVDF传感器形状与边界条件无关的设计方法。这样设计得到的传感器能应用于任意边界条件和任意振速分布的两维板结构,且实时性好,拓宽了其应用范围。本文还分别以固定边界条件板及在该板中任取一小区域两种情况为例,证明了该设计方法的可行性。     

弹性结构封闭空间有源消声

本文研究了外力激励弹性结构条件下封闭空间有源消声问题。首先根据声弹性理论，提出分步代入法求解初、次级声场，然后以矩形空间为例，研究了不同介质条件下有源消声规律。结果表明：对于弹性结构封闭空间有源消声，当结构一声腔耦合较弱时，次级声源基本上只能抵消声腔模态；当结构一声腔耦合较强时，次级声源不仅能抵消声腔模态，而且对抵消与声腔模态耦合良好的结构模态辐射声也有作用。最后，以有限长圆柱封闭空间为模型，完成了结构受点力激励，腔内为空气介质和水介质条件下的单次级声源有源消声实验。验证了理论结果。     

双层板腔结构声传输及其有源控制研究

利用子系统模态综合方法,结合阻抗-导纳矩阵法,建立了双层板腔结构向自由空间声传输及其在入射板PZT控制、辐射板PZT控制,和腔中次级声源作动等多种控制策略下,系统物理模型的统一的分析模型,导出了系统模态响应及最优次级源强度的统一的阻抗-导纳矩阵表达式。该模型表达式各部分物理意义清晰、明确,便于进行系统耦合理论、有源控制及其机理的分析和数值研究。然后,在此基础上对双层板腔结构声传输有源控制进行了全面深入的数值计算和分析研究,重点探讨了控制方法策略及系统参数对有源控制效果的影响及其对应的控制机理。结果表明:入射板PZT作动辐射声功率最小控制策略是通过入射板、声腔和辐射板三个子系统的模态抑制或重组达到消声的目的,涉及多种复杂控制机理,对入射板、辐射板和声腔模态均有效,但对入射板模态更有效;在低频段声腔(0,0,0)模态在系统耦合响应中起主导作用,因此利用腔中次级声源作动能获得较理想的控制效果,是一种较好的控制策略;由于声腔模态与结构模态间复杂的耦合关系,使得某些频率处腔中声势能一定程度上的降低并不一定导致系统声传输损失的增加,因此,腔中声势能最小控制策略不一定能够获得理想的声传输控制效果。      

强弱耦合板-腔系统的声辐射模态计算与分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对板-腔耦合系统的声辐射模态(ARM)计算问题,提出了一种基于能量原理的声辐射模态计算方法,该方法从能量原理的动力学方程构建起声压模态幅值和结构模态幅值的关系,通过将声势能表示为结构模态幅值向量的二次型形式,得到板-腔耦合系统的声辐射模态,弥补了前人理论在解决声腔为阻抗壁面和结构-声为强耦合条件时的不足。通过数值算例验证了本文计算方法的正确性和有效性,在此基础上分析了壁面和结构-声耦合条件变化对声辐射模态特性的影响。结果表明:声辐射模态辐射效率曲线会在声腔模态频率处产生峰值,阻抗壁面的引入会降低声辐射模态辐射效率在峰值处的幅值,并且阻抗值越小,幅值衰减效应越明显,具体表现为声势能曲线在辐射效率峰值频率处幅值会下降;强耦合条件下低频段声势能响应主要由弹性板结构模态激发,响应峰值密度更高,幅值更低。低频同频宽的声辐射模态辐射效率峰值数更少,峰值频率更高。     

利用声辐射模态重构任意目标的散射声场

水下目标散射声场的重构可以作为水下目标散射特性的研究基础。本文主要利用声辐射模态对水下目标进行散射声场重构研究。首先,在借助声传递矩阵给出的任意结构声辐射模态的流体域求解方法基础上,通过理论证明了目标的散射声压与声辐射模态具有函数关系。其次,借助声场分布模态的概念,同时考虑到声场分布模态病态及声压测量易受噪声污染,提出基于声辐射模态的正则化散射声场重构算法。仿真结果表明,波数越低,重构所需声辐射模态阶数越少,在较高波数时仅需总模态数的大约20%即可对声场进行重构。与基于边界元的声场重构算法相比,计算量减小了至少80%,且克服了赫姆霍兹积分方程最小二乘法仅对球壳结构的重构效果较好而不适用于长条形结构重构的缺陷。     

声辐射问题中的模态分析:I理论

针对复杂振动表面的声辐射问题,提出一种模态分析方法。在振动表面上所有法向振速分布构成一个Hilbert空间;并在此Hilbert空间中,定义了一个包含声辐射性质并且是线性自伴正的算子。通过这个算子,确定了在Hilbert空间中的一组基函数,作为辐射模态,描述了振动表面的辐射模式。基于辐射模态,应用Helmholtz单层势构造了一组声场基函数,作为声场分布模态,描述了辐射声场的分布模式。声辐射行为可用辐射模态和声场分布模态展开表示。一种模态分析的方法引进声辐射问题的研究之中。     

利用声辐射模态对声场进行重构

声辐射模态是定义在振动表面上的一组互相独立的基函数,描绘了振动表面的多极子辐射模式。本文利用声辐射模态对平板辐射的声场进行重构，并同时就频率和模态数对误差的影响进行了分析。针对复杂振动表面幅射的声场，重构时需正则化处理。数值计算结果和对应的理论值达到很好的吻合。     

板厚对无障薄板声辐射特性影响的分析

分析无障薄板的声辐射特性时通常忽略板厚对格林函数的影响而采用双层势计算.本文考虑板厚引起的声辐射阻抗,采用混合势计算结构表面声压与振速,并分析板厚对声辐射参数的影响。根据交界相容性条件,采用边界积分方程分别表示平板上下表面的声压和振速,并合并同类项.进一步将结构的动力方程代入混合势形式的振速方程中,离散声压差值和板的位移为振动模态叠加的形式,获得二重积分形式的声辐射阻抗,从而求解振动模态系数,确定声辐射特性参数.以水下简支矩形板为例计算对比了声辐射参数,并讨论了其对板厚的敏感性。结果表明:板厚引起的声辐射阻抗对声辐射参数的大小影响较小,但随着频率的增加致使共振频率发生较大偏移;在相同阶数的共振频率范围内,板厚度越大,采用双层势计算的误差越大。      

Theory and calculation for acoustic radiation mode of weak coupled enclosure

Active structural acoustic control(ASAC)is an efficient method in acoustic radiation control of coupled enclosure.In the past research of ASAC,the concept of "acoustic radiation mode(ARM)of coupled enclosure"was proposed,which was a set of basis functions of structural mode amplitude.However,there was an incompatibility with the ARM definition in free space radiation case which was a set of basic functions of normal velocity or pressure on the vibrating surface.Also,there was severe inconvenience for application as structural modes were required while accurate and useful structural modes were difficult to be extracted in practice.To overcome these problems,by analogy to ARM theory of free space,the acoustic potential energy was expressed in quadratic form of normal velocity on coupling surface and ARM of coupled enclosure was redefined.Furthermore,theoretic derivation showed that ARM of coupled enclosure could be replaced simply by corresponding acoustic mode projection of enclosure when the coupling surface was discretized into equal size elements.Therefore,the ARM theory of coupled enclosure which was consistent with that of free space and convenient for application was formed.Finally,numerical calculation was performed and the results proved that the presented theory was very efficient in ARM calculation of coupled enclosure and ASAC.     

Modifications of acoustic modes and coupling due to a leaning wall in a rectangular cavity

Acoustic modes and the coupling characteristics of a rectangular-like cavity with a slight geometrical distortion introduced through a leaning wall are investigated in this paper. A pressure variation index is proposed to quantify the global changes in acoustic modes caused by the inclination of the wall. Effects on the coupling between acoustic modes and structural modes are investigated using coupling coefficients. Numerical results show a simple relationship between the distortion effect and the acoustic wavelength. The effect is most significant when the distortion approaches the half wavelength. Compared with a rectangular enclosure, the existence of the leaning wall gives rise to a much more effective coupling between the structure and the enclosure.     

Noise transmission from a curved panel into a cylindrical enclosure: analysis of structural acoustic coupling

Much of the research on sound transmission through the aircraft fuselage into the interior of aircraft has considered coupling of the entire cylinder to the acoustic modes of the enclosure. Yet, much of the work on structural acoustic control of sound radiation has focused on reducing sound radiation from individual panels into an acoustic space. Research by the authors seeks to bridge this gap by considering the transmission of sound from individual panels on the fuselage to the interior of the aircraft. As part of this research, an analytical model of a curved panel, with attached piezoelectric actuators, subjected to a static pressure load was previously developed. In the present work, the analytical model is extended to consider the coupling of a curved panel to the interior acoustics of a rigid-walled cylinder. Insight gained from an accurate analytical model of the dynamics of the noise transmission from the curved panels of the fuselage into the cylindrical enclosure of an aircraft is essential to the development of feedback control systems for the control of stochastic inputs, such as turbulent boundary layer excitation. The criteria for maximal structural acoustic coupling between the modes of the curved panel and the modes of the cylindrical enclosure are studied. For panels with aspect ratios typical of those found in aircraft, results indicate that predominately axial structural modes couple most efficiently to the acoustic modes of the enclosure. The effects of the position of the curved panel on the cylinder are also studied. Structural acoustic coupling is found to not be significantly affected by varying panel position. The impact of the findings of this study on structural acoustic control design is discussed.     

Radiation from finite cylindrical shell with irregular-shaped acoustic enclosure

In practical situations, large machinery is usually placed in an underwater vessel and changes the acoustic enclosure shape into an irregular one. The existence of machinery causes the difficulties in expressing sound transmission and radiation analytically. In this study, the sound radiation of a cylindrical shell excited by an internal acoustic source is modeled and analyzed. The cylindrical shell contains a machine modeled as a rectangular object, which is attached to a shell with a spring-mass system. The acoustic field of the cavity is computed by the integro-modal approach. The effect of object size on the coupling between acoustic mode and structural mode is investigated. The relationship between object volume and sound radiation is also studied. Numerical results show that the existence of objects inside vessels leads to a more effective coupling between the structure and acoustic enclosure than the existence of no objects in a regular-shaped cavity(i.e. empty vessel).     

声辐射模态和球谐波函数在球源声场重建中的比较

声辐射模态和球谐波函数在球源声场重建中均有应用,两者具有很多相似性,都具有相同的多极子辐射模式和"群组"分布特性。有观点认为球形声源的声辐射模态向量即为球谐波函数,但两者的内在关系一直缺乏有效的证明。为分析两种基函数的相似性及在球源声场重建领域的差异,在理论上建立了两者的内在联系,在应用上比较研究了基于两种基函数的声场重建方法的有效性和可靠性。数值算例结果表明,在中高频段时基于两种函数的声场重建效果相当,但在低频段尤其是存在干扰源的非自由场条件下的声场重建应用中,基于声辐射模态的声场重建方法能得到更高的重建精度。可见,声辐射模态具有较为明显的声场重建优越性,这为利用声辐射模态和球谐波函数进行球源声场重建提供了理论参考。      

Radiation efficiency of a guitar top plate linked with edge or corner modes and intercell cancellation

This paper was based on a theoretical framework to determine strong and weak radiation by a guitar top plate, vibrating through deflections hard to analyze: multipolar mode shapes. The air-structure interaction was examined in terms of edge modes or corner modes, and considering even or odd number modes. A numerical model was implemented and experimentally calibrated, exhibiting several advantages exploring the coupling between vibratory and acoustic waves in a top plate. Two analyses were applied detecting high or low radiation efficiency for the structure. First, the addition of volume velocity for odd numbers of poles and cancellation for even numbers were examined. In fact, both behaviors can happen at the same time, as it was shown for a corner radiator case used as an example. Second, the ratio between bending and acoustic wavenumbers was explored. To illustrate the importance of this ratio, some theoretical features of a more efficient radiator than the corner mode were exposed in an edge mode example. Labeling multipolar mode shapes as efficient or inefficient radiators showed to be a useful alternative analyzing the top plate behavior. It can be applied knowing the nodal lines of the vibration pattern and estimating the bending and acoustic wavelengths.     

New modeling method and mechanism analyses for active control of interior noise in an irregular enclosure using piezoelectric actuators

A new modeling method is developed in this paper for the active minimization of noise within a three-dimensional irregular enclosure using distributed lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric (PZT) actuators, and the control mechanisms for irregular enclosure are analyzed. The irregular enclosure is modeled with four rigid walls and two simply supported flexible panels, and PZT actuators are bound to one of the flexible panels. The process of the new modeling method is as follows. First, the modal coupling method is used to establish the motion equations, which contain important coefficients such as modal masses and modal coupling coefficients, etc., of acoustic-structural-piezoelectric coupling system. Then, the acoustic modes and the modal masses of irregular enclosure are calculated by numerical methods. Last, the modal coupling coefficients in motion equations are calculated according to the numerical results of the acoustic modes of irregular enclosure and the modes of two panels. The validity of this modeling method is verified by a regular hexahedron enclosure. Two cost functions are applied to this model. With the two cost functions, good results are obtained in minimizing the sound-pressure level (SPL) within irregular enclosure according to numerical investigations. By comparing the results obtained under controlled and uncontrolled states, the control mechanisms of the system are discussed. It is found that the control mechanisms vary with disturbance frequencies. At most disturbance frequencies, the SPL within enclosure is reduced by restructuring the modes of two panels simultaneously. When the disturbance frequency comes close to one of the natural frequencies of panel a, the dominant mode of panel a is suppressed, while the modes of panel b are reconstructed. While the disturbance frequency is near one of the natural frequencies of panel b, the modes of two panels are restructured at the same time.