一种抗干扰变电站1/3倍频程噪声测量方法*

针对变电站噪声测量容易受外界干扰的问题,提出了一种抗干扰变电站噪声测量系统实现方法,利用最小值控制递归平均算法实时估计每个时频点变电站噪声存在概率,再综合成每个1/3倍频程中外界干扰信号存在概率;对干扰信号存在的1/3倍频程,不进行1/3倍频程噪声更新,从而避免外界干扰信号对变电站噪声测量的影响。仿真结果证明,该方法可以有效减小瞬态干扰对变电站噪声的影响。     

浅海波导中水下目标辐射噪声干涉条纹的理论分析和试验结果

浅海波导不变量的研究是近30年来水声学中引人注意的课题之一.水下目标辐射噪声的直达波和海面、海底反射波之间的干涉现象可以认为是浅海波导的典型例子,直达波和反射波之间的干涉条纹对了解浅海波导的机理是非常有效的.本文给出由水下目标辐射噪声直达波和海面、海底反射波产生的干涉现象的理论分析,指出由海面反射波引起的干涉条纹集中在...     

水下低噪声目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量方法

研究了一种水下低噪声目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量方法。首先通过分析试验水域背景噪声和被测目标辐射噪声特性,掌握不同测量频段的增益需求;然后采用凸优化方法,建立波导环境中超宽带、高稳健恒定束宽波束形成技术,推导水下目标辐射噪声垂直嵌套阵测量及空间阵列信息处理方法;最后研制垂直嵌套阵测量系统,并开展湖上试验验证。研究结果表明该测量方法具有测量带宽大、稳健性高、测量不确定度低等优点,辐射噪声测量不确定度约2 dB。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的船载绝对重力测量数据处理

基于冷原子干涉仪的高精度绝对重力动态测量为海洋重力测量提供新的手段,因而备受关注.利用自己搭建的船载冷原子干涉式绝对重力测量系统,在中国南海某海域开展了一系列测量实验.在动态条件下,测量噪声的抑制对测量性能的提升至关重要.本文根据船载绝对重力动态测量系统的物理模型,提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的动态绝对重力数据处理方法,对观测的原子干涉条纹数据进行了时域滤波处理,获得了绝对重力值的最优估计.基于该处理方法将航速小于2.1 km/h条件下的绝对重力测量灵敏度从300.2 mGal/Hz^1/2提升至136.8 mGal/Hz^1/2(T=4 ms).此外,将处理后的数据与利用地球重力模型(XGM2019)计算的数据进行了比对,发现两者符合度较好.这些结果证实了本文提出的数据处理方法的有效性,并为船载冷原子干涉式绝对重力测量系统的测量噪声的抑制提供了一种新的处理方法.     

近场测量中采用多元接收计算舰船辐射噪声总声级

主要阐述在海上布放多个接收水听器来测量舰船近场辐射噪声,以实现准确计算被测舰船水下辐射噪声宽带总声级。     

利用浅海声场干涉条纹反演海底参数方法研究

浅海频散特性导致声场在距离-频率平面形成干涉条纹,该干涉条纹蕴含着声源以及海底信息。本文通过降噪、滤波等方法,提取船舶辐射噪声干涉条纹中距离域干涉准周期、波导不变量以及去扩展衰减系数(不考虑扩展损失后接收到噪声级随距离的衰减程度)三种特征量的观测值,基于无限均匀沉积层海底模型,采用简正波计算程序理论计算上述三种特征量作为拷贝,提出一种以模拟退火法作为搜索寻优策略的新的匹配反演海底参数的方法。海试数据处理结果表明,该方法反演估计所得海底密度、声速、衰减系数三参数用于浅海负跃层条件下的声场预报效果比较良好。     

船舶水下辐射噪声信号理论模型及仿真

分析典型船舶水下辐射噪声实验数据,获取船舶水下辐射噪声功率谱特征,阐明了准周期随机声脉冲序列信号模型作为船舶水下辐射噪声模型的合理性和普适性,在此基础上,引入爆炸衰减型余弦脉冲信号作为该模型的基本组成单元,给予理论分析,据以数值构建船舶辐射噪声,并与海上试验获取的商船辐射噪声数据进行对比,结果明显一致,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

激光测距在测量船舶近场辐射噪声中的应用

本文主要阐述在海上测量船舶的近场辐射噪声中，利用激光测距，快速，准确得到了被测船舶与测量水听器之间的正横距离。     

基于小波域多尺度统计建模的水下噪声的检测与识别

研究了基于小波域多尺度树结构的水下噪声信号统计概率模型的建模方法。实验分析表明,船舶辐射噪声的模型特征不仪与海洋环境噪声的有很大差异,而且在不同工况下自身也表现出了不同特点。根据海洋环境噪声和船舶辐射噪声在模型参数上的特征差异,提出了一种从海洋环境噪声中检测船舶辐射噪声的方法,实验证明了该方法的检测性能大大优于以前提出的几种检测方法。另外,为了更好地解决船舶辐射噪声的分类问题,在研究了基于隐马尔可夫统计模型的分类方法的基础上,还提出结合支撑向量机和隐马尔可夫模型的综合分类方法,实验分析也取得了较好的结果。     

非均匀海洋环境噪声中的匹配场处理舰船辐射噪声级估计方法

在实际舰船辐射噪声测量过程中,受非均匀海洋环境噪声的影响,导致常规测量方法的性能急剧下降,基于此,提出了一种非均匀海洋环境噪声背景中的垂直阵舰船辐射噪声测量方法。根据水声信道传播理论,建立了由海面多个空时独立均匀分布噪声源构成的非均匀背景噪声场模型,推导了非均匀海洋环境噪声场中垂直阵舰船辐射噪声估计的理论公式。针对典型的浅海水声信道,进行计算机仿真实验,分析了该方法的测量性能并与常规匹配场测量方法进行对比,结果表明:(1)该方法能有效克服非均匀海洋环境噪声对测量结果的影响,测量误差较小;(2)相同测量条件下,该方法测量性能优于常规匹配场舰船辐射噪声级测量方法;(3)当信噪比满足一定要求时,测量得到的声源级与实际声源级相比,误差小于1 dB。      

Statistical characteristics of the dynamic noise energy flux in the ocean in the 400 to 700 Hz frequency band

Estimates and standard deviations of the azimuth and elevation angles are presented for the underwater dynamic noise energy flux vector in the deep open ocean in the frequency band from 400 to 700 Hz at wind speeds of 6 and 12 m/s. The measurements are performed by a freely drifting combined measuring system at a depth of 500 m. The mean horizontal and vertical angles of the energy flux vector and their standard deviations are estimated using different averaging times. For the averaging time, a limiting value of 60 s is obtained. The presence of a relation between the direction of near-surface wind and the propagation direction of the horizontal dynamic noise energy flux is revealed. It is suggested that the mechanism responsible for the generation of the horizontal mean dynamic noise energy flux is related to the scattering of the initial noise field by the rough ocean surface.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental results of interference striation pattern of underwater target radiated noise in shallow water waveguide

Waveguide invariant in shallow water is an attractive topic in recent three decades. The interference phenomena of direct wave of radiated noise of underwater target and reflection wave from sea surface and sea bottom can be considered as a typical case of shallow water waveguide.The interference striation pattern of direct wave and its reflection is the effective and comprehensive figure for better understanding the essence of shallow water waveguide invariant.The theoretical analysis of interference phenomena generated by direct wave of radiated noise of underwater target and its reflection wave from sea surface and sea bottom is presented in this paper.It is shown that the interference wave resulted by sea surface reflection will produce striation pattern centered at high frequency band.But the interference of nulling frequency resulted by sea bottom reflection may be at low frequency or high frequency, it strongly depends on the acoustic behavior of sea bottom.The relationship between main parameters of interference striation pattern and target,receiver,and environment is derived.It is shown that the interference striation have the shape of hyperbolic curve.The equation set of the hyperbolic curve and its asymptotic line is presented.The at sea experiment carried out in South China sea shows some interesting results.A part of data processing results are illustrated in this paper.The results expressed in this paper show that the interference striation pattern can be used,in some conditions,as a potential means for target recognition.     

水下目标被动测距的一种新方法:利用波导不变量提取目标距离信息

水声学中波导不变量的研究是近30年来引人注目的课题之一。水下目标辐射噪声的直达波和海面、海底反射波之间的干涉现象中隐含有下水目标的距离信息。提取这种距离信息就为水下目标的被动测距提供了一种新的途径。理论分析和实际海试都证明,甚至单水听器的LOFAR(Low Frequency Analysis Record)图都隐含着目标的距离和运动信息。本文给出利用波导不变量提取目标距离信息的理论推导,证明了在形成干涉条纹的外界条件具备时,利用多个水听器构成的基阵也能以较大增益提供目标距离信息。虽然组成基阵的每一水听器出现干涉条纹的条件是有差异的。这种差异在波束成形时可以加以利用和补偿。本文提出的理论和部分仿真、海试结果为水下目标被动测距和目标识别提供了一种新的途径。      

A new method of passive ranging for underwater target:distance information extraction based on wave guide invariant

The study of wave guide invariant in underwater acoustics is one of attracted topics in recent 30 years.The interferences of direct wave and reflect wave from sea surface and sea bottom of underwater target radiated noise inherent the information of target distance.Extraction of these distance information will provide a possible new way in passive ranging for underwater target.The theoretical analysis and the results of at sea experiments show that the LOFAR(Low Frequency Analysis Record) figure inherently contains the range and moving information of passive acoustic sources,even in the situation that the receiver is only one single hydrophone.The theoretical analysis of extraction of target distance information by using wave guide invariant is presented in this paper.It is shown that,based on the interference striation pattern of target,the hydrophone array system is possible to extract the distance information with quite high array gain.Although the mathematical constrain conditions in forming interference striation pattern are different for individual array element,but it is proved that the differences of time delays between array elements can be used in compensation of beamforming.The theoretical analysis,system simulation and some results of at sea experiment show a new way in passive ranging and target recognition.     

Fish reaction to tonal vessel noise – Comparison with ICES CRR 209 methodology

There is concern that research vessels used in fish stock appraisals may have biased data due to fish avoidance reaction. One possible mechanism inducing this avoidance reaction is tonal noise. This paper assesses fish reaction to vessel noise on the basis of a detailed paper on the tonal auditory characteristics of cod [8]. Specifically, narrow band underwater radiated noise from certain research vessels, but mainly “R.V. Scotia”, is used to establish a cod reaction range. This is then compared to the calculated reaction range using a 1/3rd octave band assessment as set forward in International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Cooperative Research Report No. CRR 209. These comparisons were also carried out for another low-noise research vessel, namely “CEFAS Endeavour”.It is tentatively concluded from this paper that, based upon the “30 dB above hearing threshold” criterion, vessel tonality is not a strong mechanism for fish reaction to the low-noise ICES compliant vessels. However, it should be appreciated that this generalisation is based upon one (sensitive) specific species of fish and two specific research vessels. It is considered that further analysis should be carried out on other commercially important, but noise-sensitive fish, such as herring. Also, narrow band underwater noise should be investigated for other fisheries research vessels – ideally including those where strong fish reactions have been observed viz. G.O. Sars and Oscar Dyson. It should also be noted that, in this paper, each tone has been considered separately from all others; whereas, in reality, vessel noise is rich in tones and harmonics. This paper has attempted to separate out the tonal audibility aspect from the general issue of vessel broadband radiated noise by solely looking at the tonal level above the spectrum level to gain some insight into the importance of this issue.Comments are also made on various issues including masking noise, very low frequency tonal noise and the associated issue of particle acceleration sensitivity for cod.     

水下蛙人被动探测测向实验研究

为了对携带开式呼吸器的水下蛙人进行被动探测,本文采用四个水听器组成的十字阵在浅海水域对水下开式蛙人进行了被动探测、测向实验。结果表明:蛙人辐射噪声具有周期性特征,其周期与蛙人的呼吸频率有关;另外,蛙人呼吸辐射噪声具有显著频带,并且其频带与蛙人携带的呼吸器有关。根据蛙人辐射噪声的显著频带和周期性特征,设计信号处理算法实现了对蛙人的被动声学探测识别。使用互相关方法处理一对水听器的接收信号,可以确定蛙人的方位,但是根据理论分析会出现一个假方位。对比十字阵中两对水听器的测向结果可确定蛙人的准确方位。     

水声信号处理领域新进展

本文介绍近30年来水声信号处理领域理论研究的新进展和在声纳设计中的应用。包括水声信号建模、声场匹配、海洋波导和内波现象的探索和研究、声矢量场信息获取和处理,低频水声信道的时/空相关特性,水下目标辐射噪声的不变特征量提取和检测技术,水下语音、图像传输和抗干扰技术。同时概述,声纳设计的前沿领域:大孔径拖曳线列阵声纳、高分辨力合成孔径声纳、深海传呼机等的发展情况。     

水声被动目标识别技术挑战与展望

低频水声探测和船舶减振降噪技术发展,使得传统水声目标识别技术性能逐渐下降。该文分析了声呐工作带宽、探测频率、船舶减振降噪给识别技术带来的挑战。针对低频声呐广泛使用的低频线谱识别,研究了低频线谱的识别能力问题;针对智能识别技术发展,研究了深度学习技术在船舶辐射噪声识别中的应用问题,并给出了数据试验结果,文章最后指出了水声被动目标识别技术亟需开展的研究内容和方向。     

Surface tension effects in breaking wave noise

The role of surface active materials in the sea surface microlayer on the production of underwater noise by breaking waves is considered. Wave noise is assumed to be generated by bubbles formed within actively breaking whitecaps, driven into breathing mode oscillation at the moment of their formation by non-equilibrium, surface tension forces. Two significant effects associated with surface tension are identified-a reduction in low frequency noise (<1000 Hz) due to the re-fragmentation of actively radiating bubbles by fluid turbulence within the whitecap and a reduction in overall noise level due to a decrease in the excitation amplitude of bubbles associated with reduced surface tension. The impact of the latter effect on the accuracy of Weather Observations Through Ambient Noise estimates of wind speed is assessed and generally found to be less than ±1 m?s(-1) for wind speeds less than 10?m s(-1) and typical values of surfactant film pressure within sea slicks.