风云三号C星全球导航卫星掩星探测仪首次实现北斗掩星探测

全球导航卫星掩星探测仪(GNOS)是国际首台北斗系统(BDS)和全球定位系统(GPS)双系统兼容掩星探测仪, 2013年9月23日随风云三号卫星C星(FY3 C)发射入轨, 目前已测得大量掩星数据. 介绍了FY3 C-GNOS的组成; 统计了2013年10月12日全天的FY3 C-GNOS掩星事件及其全球分布情况; 通过与GPS精密定轨结果进行对比分析, 测试了BDS在轨实时定位精度, 检验了BDS掩星产品的可靠性和一致性. 初步分析结果表明: 14颗BDS卫星在轨运营的条件下, BDS和GPS兼容掩星探测仪可将掩星事件数提高约33.3%; BDS实时定位平均偏差优于6 m, 标准偏差优于7 m; 5-25 km高度范围内, BDS与GPS内符合精度大气折射率优于2%, 温度优于2 K, 湿度优于1.5 g/kg, 压强优于2%, 电离层峰值密度优于15.6%. GNOS的在轨正常运行及BDS与GPS掩星定位精度及反演产品的一致性为北斗掩星探测的业务化运行奠定了基础.     

卫星组网可视化仿真系统设计与实现

卫星组网是满足未来空间通信需求的有效方式,为实现空间卫星组网的可视化,设计了一种卫星组网可视化仿真系统;系统由星座设计分系统、星座覆盖性能分析分系统、数据处理分系统和可视化分系统组成;在组网过程中,首先在星座设计分系统中设置星座的参数,根据轨道参数模型计算出星座中每颗卫星的轨道参数,并将计算结果输出给星座覆盖性能分析分系统,完成对纬度、区域和全球覆盖效果的分析、评估和显示;仿真结果表明:系统能够对卫星组网进行实时计算和显示,计算精度比STK仿真软件提高12%,系统运行稳定,界面良好。     

一种基于序贯处理的BDS/INS紧组合滤波方法

为了应对高动态卫星信号短时受遮挡的恶劣环境,研究了基于序贯处理的BDS/INS紧组合滤波方法。首先介绍了BDS/INS紧组合滤波方程,然后详细推导了基于序贯处理的BDS/INS紧组合滤波算法,并进行了相应的理论分析。最后利用惯性/卫星组合导航信号软件模拟器对基于序贯处理的BDS/INS紧组合导航系统的滤波性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明：提出的基于序贯处理的BDS/INS紧组合滤波算法在不损失滤波精度的情况下,有效地减小了系统的运算量,提高了计算效率,增强了惯性/卫星组合导航系统在高动态卫星信号短时受遮挡场景下的适用能力。     

空间目标天基光学监视平台的参数仿真分析

利用天基光学系统对空间目标进行监视是重要而有效的手段之一。以在轨运行的低轨卫星为研究对象,对天基光学平台的观察方向、升交点赤经和真近点角等参数进行了优化设置。通过分析可知,观察方向指向左和指向右时可以监视更多的目标,升交点赤经选取在0°、270°和315°对空间目标的监视效果较好,而卫星被截获的概率与真近点角的变化关系并不密切,因此真近点角可以任意选取。根据参数优化结果,以卫星仿真工具包STK(Satellite Tool Kit)为平台,对空间目标天基光学监视平台的轨道参数进行了仿真。     

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伽利略计划（欧洲全球导航卫星计划）是欧盟为打破美国GPS在全球的垄断而与欧空局联合研制的民用导航卫星系统。伽利略系统由分布在3个轨道面上的30颗卫星组成，每个轨道面上有10颗卫星．轨道高度23616千米．轨道面倾角56度，运行周期14小时04分．并能与GPS完全兼容。     

机载北斗/GPS/SINS组合导航系统软硬件设计

针对单一导航导航系统在导航精度、稳定性、设备成本以及导航信息完备性等方面的局限性,设计了卫星导航/惯性导航组合导航系统。针对GPS导航系统受制于人及北斗导航系统发展尚不完善的特点,提出了基于北斗/GPS/SINS的军用机载组合导航系统软硬件设计。搭建了北斗/GPS/SINS组合导航系统硬件平台,采用基于不确定度的加权平均数据融合算法提高组合导航系统的导航可靠性和准确性。仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统稳定性好,可靠性高,定位准确。     

基于误差分析的导航信号性能评估方法

导航卫星信号性能评估是卫星导航系统性能评估的主要组成部分,与信号有关的系统性能指标包括首次定位时间、静态定位精度、接收灵敏度、抗多径性能、抗干扰性能及兼容互用性;文章在分析卫星导航系统性能与导航信号关系的基础上,建立信号性能相关指标评估模型,并进行定量误差分析,形成一套针对信号性能系列指标的综合评估方法;通过选取卫星导航民用信号进行仿真,验证了此方法的实际适用性,可以为导航信号设计和信号接收技术开发提供有效辅助手段。     

一种新的遗传算法交叉算子及其在GNSS星座选择中的应用

针对全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）星座选择的需要,分析了多星座卫星导航定位系统选星问题的数学描述形式,根据选星问题的实质要求,将选星问题转换为单约束组合优化问题。而在采用遗传算法求解诸如选星求解类组合优化问题时,由于其对1基因（或0基因）的数量有特别的约束要求,已有的一些交叉算子不能满足该约束要求。针对基因数约束条件,提出了一种新的交叉算子——变异交叉,新的交叉算子仅以1基因或0基因为交换对象实现交叉操作来产生原始后代、以变异作为辅助方式来实现后代的合法化。实验结果表明,所提出的交叉算子能有效应用于遗传算法实现多星座卫星导航定位系统选星求解,且运算量较少,可以实现简单、快速求解,满足实时选星要求。     

MATLAB/STK联合仿真方法研究及GUI设计

详细介绍了MATAB(矩阵实验室)与STK(卫星工具箱)软件互联的方法。STK提供了相应的二次开发接口,可供MATLAB等软件进行二次开发。利用MATLAB和STK软件组合搭建仿真环境,以某Walker星座的设计与优化算法为例,具体介绍了联合仿真步骤流程及GUI界面的设计方法,并综合考虑了卫星轨道、传感器以及卫星编队等相关参数对星座最优设计的影响。结果表明,利用MATLAB和STK组合仿真能够以图像及数据列表的形式方便直观的给出最优结果,通过联合仿真,较大程度上减小了MATLAB的编程工作量,同时通过GUI界面的设计,以可视化的形式对主体程序进行集成,只需输入参数,便可快速进行相应的轨道仿真与数据输出,避免了在进行卫星星座设计时需反复对STK参数进行调整的工作。在对卫星星座设计与运行轨道的问题分析中,MATLAB/STK联合仿真相较于使用单一软件进行问题分析而言,要更加便利、形象直观。     

地月平动点导航星座的概要设计与性能分析

研究应用地月平动点轨道的深空导航星座的概要设计问题.首先,建立三体平动点动力学模型,给出计算平动点周期轨道族的微分校正算法,并介绍周期轨道的稳定性因子概念;然后,定义有效覆盖概念,分析实现有效覆盖的平动点导航星座的相关要素,给出设计步骤;在此基础上,分别从轨道选择、空间覆盖率、几何精度衰减因子、导航信号传输、导航精度等角度,对平动点导航星座进行设计、分析与估算,以全球定位系统为参照,通过综合对比分析,全面论证平动点导航星座的可行性,并给出技术指标与性能.研究表明:采用所设计的地月L3平动点Vertical轨道的5星星座可为地月空间各种飞行器提供有效覆盖的导航服务,在不考虑星座卫星等误差因素情况下,导航精度可优于10 m,并可随导航卫星数目增加而进一步提高.     

Applications of two-way satellite time and frequency transfer in the BeiDou navigation satellite system

A two-way satellite time and frequency transfer(TWSTFT) device equipped in the BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS)can calculate clock error between satellite and ground master clock. TWSTFT is a real-time method with high accuracy because most system errors such as orbital error, station position error, and tropospheric and ionospheric delay error can be eliminated by calculating the two-way pseudorange difference. Another method, the multi-satellite precision orbit determination(MPOD)method, can be applied to estimate satellite clock errors. By comparison with MPOD clock estimations, this paper discusses the applications of the BDS TWSTFT clock observations in satellite clock measurement, satellite clock prediction, navigation system time monitor, and satellite clock performance assessment in orbit. The results show that with TWSTFT clock observations, the accuracy of satellite clock prediction is higher than MPOD. Five continuous weeks of comparisons with three international GNSS Service(IGS) analysis centers(ACs) show that the reference time difference between BeiDou time(BDT) and golbal positoning system(GPS) time(GPST) realized IGS ACs is in the tens of nanoseconds. Applying the TWSTFT clock error observations may obtain more accurate satellite clock performance evaluation in the 104 s interval because the accuracy of the MPOD clock estimation is not sufficiently high. By comparing the BDS and GPS satellite clock performance, we found that the BDS clock stability at the 103 s interval is approximately 10.12, which is similar to the GPS IIR.     

Selection of satellite constellation framework of CAPS

Based on the idea of transmitting the satellite navigation and positioning system, taking the distribution and variation of the Position Dilution of Precision factor (PDOP), which is closely related with the precision of navigation and positioning, within the China area as the primary criterion, we analyze and discuss the tentative plan of constellation configuration consisting of geosynchronous orbit (GEO) communication satellites and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites for the transmitting Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). We emphatically consider the effect on the PDOP by the three major orbit parameters including the inclination, eccentricity and right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) of IGSO satellites, to research the strategies of the constellation configuration of CAPS through software emulation. Various constellation configurations are analyzed and compared and the results show that the constellation configuration, consisting of three IGSO communication satellites in three orbits with the same inclination as 50°, the difference in RAAN as 120° and the same “8” shaped ground track centered near 115°E and four or five GEO communication satellites within 60°E to 150°E, can satisfy the requirement that Chinese domain is availably covered and the navigation and positioning with high precision could be obtained. Three relatively excellent constellation configurations are initially suggested and some concerned issues are discussed in this work. Supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815501) and the Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development (Grant No. 2007AA12z343)     

The principle of the positioning system based on communication satellites

It is a long dream to realize the communication and navigation functionality in a satellite system in the world. This paper introduces how to establish the system, a positioning system based on communication satellites called Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). Instead of the typical navigation satellites, the communication satellites are configured firstly to transfer navigation signals from ground stations, and can be used to obtain service of the positioning, velocity and time, and to achieve the function of navigation and positioning. Some key technique issues should be first solved; they include the accuracy position determination and orbit prediction of the communication satellites, the measuring and calculation of transfer time of the signals, the carrier frequency drift in communication satellite signal transfer, how to improve the geometrical configuration of the constellation in the system, and the integration of navigation & communication. Several innovative methods are developed to make the new system have full functions of navigation and communication. Based on the development of crucial techniques and methods, the CAPS demonstration system has been designed and developed. Four communication satellites in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) located at 87.5°E, 110.5°E, 134°E, 142°E and barometric altimetry are used in the CAPS system. The GEO satellites located at 134°E and 142°E are decommissioned GEO (DGEO) satellites. C-band is used as the navigation band. Dual frequency at C1=4143.15 MHz and C2=3826.02 MHz as well as dual codes with standard code (CA code and precision code (P code)) are adopted. The ground segment consists of five ground stations; the master station is in Lintong, Xi’an. The ground stations take a lot of responsibilities, including monitor and management of the operation of all system components, determination of the satellite position and prediction of the satellite orbit, accomplishment of the virtual atomic clock measurement, transmission and receiving navigation signals to and from each satellite. In the north, the south, the east, the west and the center of Chinese main land, the function of CAPS demonstration system is checked and measured. In cars and on board the system is also checked and measured. The results are as follow: CA-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 15–25 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; P-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 8–10 m (1 σ), vertical, 1–3 m; velocity accuracy, CA-code, 0.13–0.30 m/s, P-code, 0.15–0.17 m/s; time accuracy, CA-code, 160 ns, P-code, 13 ns; determination accuracy of orbit ≤2 m. About 20 million US $ and two years are spent for the development of demonstration. A complete CAPS system is now being established. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10453001), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815500), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2004AA105030), and the Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Key Topics in Innovation Engineering (Grant No. KGCXI-21)     

Satellite virtual atomic clock with pseudorange difference function

Satellite atomic clocks are the basis of GPS for the control of time and frequency of navigation signals. In the Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS), a satellite navigation system without the satellite atomic clocks onboard is successfully developed. Thus, the method of time synchronization based on satellite atomic clocks in GPS is not suitable. Satellite virtual atomic clocks are used to implement satellite navigation. With the satellite virtual atomic clocks, the time at which the signals are transmitted from the ground can be delayed into the time that the signals are transmitted from the satellites and the pseudorange measuring can be fulfilled as in GPS. Satellite virtual atomic clocks can implement the navigation, make a pseudorange difference, remove the ephemeris error, and improve the accuracy of navigation positioning. They not only provide a navigation system without satellite clocks, but also a navigation system with pseudorange difference. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815502) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA12Z300)     

Compact and broadband circularly polarized ring antenna with wide beam-width for multiple global navigation satellite systems

A compact and broadband circularly polarized (CP) annular ring antenna with wide beam-width is proposed for multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the L1 band. The annular ring is excited by two modified L-probes with quadrature phase difference. It has a 36.3% 10-dB return loss bandwidth and a 13% 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, because of the orthogonal L-probes with 90° phase difference. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 3.9 dBic. It can detect the satellites at lower elevation as its half power beam-width (HPBW) is 113° in both the x-z and y-z planes, achieving a cross-polarization level of larger than 25 dB. Noticeably, the antenna achieves 89% size reduction compared with the conventional half wavelength patch antennas. It can be used in hand-held navigation devices of multiple GNSS such as COMPASS, Galileo, GPS and GLONASS.     

The performance comparison and analysis of extended Kalman filters for GPS/DR navigation

This paper proposes several nonlinear filtering algorithms based on the global positioning system (GPS) and the dead reckoning (DR). To achieve high location and velocity accuracy, the first-order extended Kalman filter (FEKF), the second EKF (SEKF) and EKF-Rauch-Tung-Striebel (EKF-RTS) smoother are introduced for GPS/DR integrated navigation system. And the algorithms of the FEKF, SEKF and EKF-RTS are given. Furthermore, the state models and measurement models of GPS/DR are set up. For comparison purpose, the GPS/DR integrated navigation system based on the three algorithms is simulated, and the algorithm performance is analyzed and compared by the simulation results of FEKF, SEKF, FEKF-RTS and SEKF-RTS. Numerical results demonstrate that the EKF-RTS gives clearly better estimates than the FEKF and SEKF.     

基于加权几何精度因子(WGDOP)的地基导航系统评价方法

为了评价卫星导航系统中位置估计的性能,GDOP作为一种衡量测量误差和定位误差之间几何关系的评价方法被广泛应用。由于地基导航系统各个单元的测量误差不同,且受用户距离影响不可忽略,需要对与距离有关的评价标准进行研究。因此,提出使用WGDOP代替GDOP作为评判标准,从分析地基导航系统误差方差入手,对WGDOP表达式进行详细分析,通过系统比较两种定位因子,说明采用WGDOP作为地基导航系统基站布设评价标准,准确性高。研究结果表明,采用加权几何精度因子作为评价标准,可以更适应地基导航系统的实际使用环境,对系统定位性能进行更精确的评价,对精度因子评估有明显改善。     

Performance evaluation method of hybrid navigation constellations with invalid satellites

The construction of a navigation system plays an important role in the development of national politics,economy and military affairs.Nowadays,the Beidou navigation system is facing a transition period from the regional navigation system to the global one.For the global constellation,the system performance will not be seriously degraded when one or two satellites are invalid,but it is out of case for the regional constellation,which usually has fewer satellites and less redundancy.This paper deals with this ...     

基于GPS/北斗共视技术的铷钟驯服方法

在分析了现有铷钟驯服方法的基础上,提出了一种基于GPS/北斗共视技术的铷钟驯服方法,将铷钟的输出频率驯服到时间频率的最高国家基准UTC(NIM)上。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效实现对铷钟的驯服,经驯服的铷钟频率信号指标良好,能够提供铯钟量级的高精度频率标准。